The Rise and Development of Qin State in the Spring and Autumn Period

The Rise and Development of the State of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period; The following written materials are compiled and published by School Easy Search for your reference. Let's have a quick look at them!

■ The Rise of Qin State >> 1. The influence of Zhou royal family on Qin State >> The rise of Qin State is closely related to Zhou royal family. One of the reasons is very simple, because if the Zhou royal family didn't let the won surname be founded in Qin, then Qin wouldn't exist. In other words, the main influence of Zhou royal family on Qin State was to establish Qin State. Because in the dispute between Shang and Zhou dynasties, the ancestors who obtained the Qin surname always stood on the side of Yin and Shang dynasties, including participating in the rebellion after Zhou Wuwang's death. Won Qin is actually a nation in the East. To put it bluntly, the Zhou royal family moved to the northwest because of the wrong team. This is a punishment for failure and rebellion. From then on, won Qin began to submit to Zhou Dynasty and live with other nationalities on the Loess Plateau. Therefore, the first thing that allowed Qin to exist legally was the former enemy Zhou Royal Family.

The eastward movement of>& gt Ping is not only the main reason for its rapid decline, but also has a far-reaching impact on Qin State. Before that, when aliens invaded, Qin Xianggong was one of the few loyal vassals. When he moved eastward, he personally led the troops to escort him. So the king of the day made Xianggong a vassal, gave him the land west of Qi, and claimed that there was no way to invade the rich land of Qi, and it was equal to having his land. The move from Pingdong to the East shows that the Zhou royal family has lost control of the northwest region and most of its territory. Due to the loss of this large territory, it greatly weakened its own strength, made it quickly lose control of the princes and accelerated its decline. Finally, I can only retreat to a corner.

The eastward movement of>& gt is an important symbol of the decline of the Zhou royal family. On the other hand, because Qin Xianggong and Qin were rewarded, this event indicates that Qin is about to rise. Because Qin won the title of vassal and the legal management right of Qinchuan in the 800-mile area, and there are a lot of Huangdi civilization and Zhou Wenming's heritage in Guanzhong area, these have become a solid foundation for the development of Qin in the future.

> > abandoned areas, especially the loess plateau, play a very important role in the development of Qin state. This area is the birthplace of Chinese civilization, especially the Huangdi tribe. Historically, Zhou, Qin, Han and Han all rose from here. This area was once the political center of 1 1 dynasty, and was often regarded as the base of emperors. So why did this area become the base of the emperor? There are three views as follows: > >; First, the loess plateau has fine soil, and agricultural production can be carried out even with wooden tools. This reason is probably the main reason why agriculture was more developed than commerce the week before, and agricultural production was vigorously developed and popularized after seizing suzerainty. Because local agriculture started early and local civilization developed for a long time, it may maintain a high degree of development.

& gt& gt Secondly, Qinchuan, 800 miles away, that is, the Guanzhong Plain, has a warm climate and abundant rainfall, and many water networks are intertwined, which provides great convenience for agricultural development. In particular, the later political reforms mainly focused on the agricultural war, and it was very beneficial for Shang Yang to implement such political reforms in this respect.

& gt& gt Third, the Guanzhong area is surrounded by mountains and the Yellow River and its tributaries, forming a natural barrier to itself. This natural factor, coupled with the later construction of the pass, made Guanzhong countries advance and retreat, and remained in an active position for a long time.

& gt& gt III. Early Development of Qin State >> After moving eastward, Qin State soon began its own development. The first is to seize the Qixi area granted by Zhou Ping, and then completely occupy the Qishan area. The significance of this move is to let Qin gain a firm foothold in the west of Guanzhong. After repelling the aliens, he also collected the adherents of the Zhou royal family who moved eastward, enriching his own strength.

After & gt& gt, Qin developed to Qidong, and its territory extended eastward to Hexi and Huashan. At the same time, he occasionally sent troops to the northwest to take the initiative to attack aliens. During this period, Qin gradually wiped out the foreign nationalities in Guanzhong, annexed the small vassal States in this area, accumulated more strength, and firmly pushed eastward, so as to have the geographical conditions to get their hands on the Central Plains in the future. During this period, it began to confront the Jin state head-on. Although it sometimes used troops in the northwest, its main purpose was to relieve the worries of foreigners when developing eastward. Of course, it also took advantage of the opportunity of acquiring new territory in the northwest to enhance its national strength, but it mainly chose a proactive way to serve its eastward strategy.

& gt& gt By the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, the prelude to the hegemony of great powers has been opened. After Qi Huangong, Qin Mugong became the king, and during this period, it merged with twelve countries, expanding its territory and rapidly rising to become a vast country. Qin Mugong's hegemony enabled Qin to enter the big country club and gain the corresponding international status, which laid a very solid foundation for its subsequent development. Since then, although Qin never dominated the Central Plains before the political reform and made no progress in eastward advancement, its national strength was relatively stable, although it declined, but its foundation remained.

& gt& gt However, since then, the history of the Spring and Autumn Period has rapidly entered the Jin Wengong era. Although Duke Wen was still alive after his death, the State of Jin became very powerful, and the State of Qin suffered the defeat of Xiaoshan. The war had a far-reaching impact on the state of Qin. Later, although he won the war with the State of Jin, the monarch and his subjects of Qin had to face up to the powerful national strength of the State of Jin, slowed down the pace of eastward development, and turned to the west to compete with Yi Rong for territory. The development of the Spring and Autumn Period has since entered the pattern of Jin Chu's hegemony.

& gt& gt Fourth, the capture marked the rise of Qin >> After Pingdong moved eastward, it was the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China's history. This is an extremely chaotic era in history. Qin took advantage of the chaos in the Central Plains and continued to develop eastward, westward, northward and southward.

& gt>/kloc-Qin Xianggong ascended the throne in 0/2, and died on the way to conquer Xirong, but he was killed in battle. His son Qin Wengong inherited his father's footsteps and continued to fight Xirong.

& gt& gt In the first year of Qin Wengong, he lived in Xihuang Palace.

& gt& gt stayed in Qin Wengong for three years. He took 700 soldiers out hunting and headed east. In four years, Qin Wengong arrived at the confluence of Xishui and Weishui, saying: My ancestor Qin Ying raised horses here, and the king of Zhou rewarded him with a fief before he became a vassal. I want to move the capital here. Ask the fortune teller, is it lucky to live here in Jiancheng? The result of divination was auspicious, so the capital was built.

& gt& gt In the thirteenth year of Qin Wengong, Qin people had their own written history for the first time. This is something of great value. At least since the Shang Dynasty, people in the Central Plains have had historians to record their own history and books in written form. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is not a history recorded by historians of Shang Dynasty, but a kind of divination handwriting, which can reflect a lot of information of Shang Dynasty. The appointment of historians to record this history proves that Qin actively studied the advanced culture of the Central Plains. Only by continuous learning can we win the future.

& gt& gt In the sixteenth year of Qin Wengong, the State of Qin conquered Xirong again, which failed, and finally won the land promised by Zhou Pingwang to Qin Xianggong. The ancestors of the Zhou Dynasty developed on that land, so it is called Joo Won?. Qin Wengong contributed the land east of Qishan to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and took the land west of Qishan as his own. Joo Won? is located on the bank of the Weihe River, which was deposited by floods. The soil is fertile and suitable for farming. In the upper reaches of Weihe River, Qin people not only raised horses, but also grew grain, and mixed farming and animal husbandry; In the middle reaches of Weihe River, we mainly grow grain and vigorously develop the agricultural economy. Therefore, Qin became richer and richer, and continued to maintain the spiritual form of nomadic people.

& gt& gt After another four years, the State of Qin established the crime of killing father, mother and wife for the first time, which was obviously the result of the study week. The appointment of historians and the improvement of laws and regulations show that under the leadership of Qin, Qin actively strives for economic progress, from a relatively backward nomadic economy to a relatively advanced agricultural civilization, and actively strives for cultural progress, and has achieved phased results. So after his death, he got Qin Wengong, the posthumous title.

& gt& gt In the forty-eighth year of Qin Wengong, the prince died, and his eldest grandson was made the new prince. When Qin Wengong was fifty years old, he died and passed it on to his grandson Qin Xiangong.

& gt& gt Sima Qian was mistakenly recorded as Qin Ninggong, and archaeological evidence corrected this mistake. Qin Xiangong/Kloc-ascended the throne at the age of 0/0 and died at the age of 22. He has three sons, all of whom are still young, which gives the minister the opportunity to monopolize power. The three ministers abolished the eldest son and made the five-year-old son king. Six years later, he killed his son and renamed his eldest son Qin Wugong. In the third year, Qin Wugong took the opportunity to kill three ministers on the grounds that they killed their own children. Qin Wugong reigned for 20 years. Since he started, Qin has been buried alive, and 66 people have died. During the reign of Qin Wugong, Qi Huangong of Qi, the marquis of Jin, Qi and Jin became powerful countries.

& gt& gt Qin Degong ascended the throne, moved to Yongcheng in the first year and died in the second year. He has three sons who have become kings. Qin, the eldest son, reigned for 12 years. He has nine sons and passed them on to his second brother Qin Chenggong. Qin Chenggong reigned for four years and had seven sons. He passed them on to his third brother, Qin Mugong. Why did the three brothers end up together? Sima Qian did not say why. It may be the result of Empress Dowager Cixi's coming to power, or it may be a legacy of the Shang Dynasty-there were 3 1 kings in the Shang Dynasty, not counting King Tang, 13 were brothers and sisters, 14 were fathers and sons, and three were out of order.

& gt& gt From Fei Zi's death to Qin Chenggong's death, the State of Qin has been 200 years, with 1 1 kings. Their life is much better than that of the Zhou Dynasty. Not to mention that the Zhou Dynasty was invaded by dogs and forced to move its capital. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the king of Zhou had no power, but he was a nominal king, the spiritual center of China people, and the origin and chief representative of the later emperors. The king's decrees issued by him are often just the will of the princes he lives on. Qin is different. In the past 200 years, their territory has been expanding eastward. They set out from Tianshui, Gansu Province, first seized Joo Won?, and then gradually occupied the banks of Wei River. When Qin came of age, Liang Bo and Rui Bo came to North Korea, which indicated that Qin's influence had reached the bank of the Yellow River. Guo Liang got his surname at15km south of Hancheng, Shaanxi, and was annexed by Qin Mugong 26 years later. Guo Rui is located at the intersection of Weihe River and Luohe River in the southeast of Dali County, Shaanxi Province. All on the west bank of the Yellow River.

& gt& gt However, there is still a long way to go from Qin State to Qin Empire. The geographical location is still a little narrow, which has little impact on the east. Countries in the Central Plains still believe that Qin is only a clan of Emperor Rong, and it is by no means a lineage of the Central Plains-it is not my family, and its heart will be different. Going east, drinking horses from the Yellow River, overlooking the Central Plains and dominating the country have gradually developed into the central goal of Qin's national strategy.

& gt& gt■ The growth of Qin >> Qin was just a doctor in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Xiqiao, in today's Tianshui area of Gansu Province.

& gt& gt was killed by Gou Rong at the foot of Mount Li, saved Zhou and escorted eastward. Zhou Pingwang made Xiang Gong a vassal, and the Qin Dynasty began to establish the country, and exchanged gifts with the vassals. He also gave a rich land, saying, "There is no way to tolerate it. If you invade my rich land, you will attack it and chase it, and then you will get it." . "Historical Records: The Book of Zen" says: I have lived in Xichuang since I was a Hou.

& gt& gt When Qin Xiangong was a duke, he moved to Pingyang from Kaiwei Club.

& gt& gt Qin Wugong, ten years old, was born in Chuxian County. In the eleventh year, Du and Zheng were destroyed in the early county. Ji is in Tianshui and Gangu, Gansu, Du and Zheng are in Chang 'an County, Shaanxi, but also in Yuanzhou, Shaanxi. The county system of Qin was first established in Qin Wugong, and gradually developed steadily in Shaanxi.

& gt& gt Qin Degong first lived in Yongcheng and established Dazheng Palace. The regime of Qin was gradually consolidated, and Liang Bo, Rui Bo and other small monarchs came to the Qin Dynasty. Liang is in the south of Hancheng, Shaanxi, and Rui is in Dali County, Shaanxi. They are two small countries near the west bank of the Yellow River. From Longdong in the west of Qin Dynasty to Huashan in the east, it controls the whole Weishui River basin.

& gt& gt In 770 BC, Zhou Ping moved to Luoyi. In order to thank Qin Xianggong who led the troops to escort him, Zhou Pingwang made him a vassal and gave him a large area of land east of Qishan, which was difficult to control, laying a solid foundation for the prosperity of Qin in the future.

& gt& gt During the growth of the State of Qin, there was an iconic figure-Qin Mugong. Qin Mugong reigned for 39 years. Since Qin Mugong, the name of the King of Qin has been recorded in the history books. In the eyes of the orientals, Qin is just a nouveau riche, and the Rong Emperor clan is lower than China. Qin Mugong is very unwilling, bent on crossing the Yellow River, dominating the vassals and winning honor for Qin and himself.

& gt& gt In the first year of Qin Mugong, he personally led troops across the Yellow River and reached Jinmao, 80 kilometers east of the Yellow River. This is the first time that Qin moved eastward across the Yellow River. At that time, it was still owned by Rong Di, and Qin was still fighting against Rong Di.

& gt& gt After Jin Mao's victory, Qin Mugong met a powerful opponent-Jin State. Qin Mugong sized up the situation, knowing that he couldn't win, he offered to marry the State of Jin. In the fourth year in Qin Mugong, Jin Xiangong married his daughter, and the two countries became friends of Qin and Jin.

& gt& gt's indulgence in women's sex in his later years led to chaos, and his son and Yi Wu were forced to flee to Germany and Liang respectively. In 65 1 BC, Jin Xiangong died, and Li Ji's son Xiqi succeeded to the throne, and was immediately killed by Minister Rick. Yiwu sent people to Qin, demanding that Qin Mugong send people to protect himself from returning to China and acceded to the throne, and promised to cede eight cities west of the Yellow River to Qin as a thank you. So, Priscilla was ordered to escort Yiwu back to China and acceded to the throne, which was called Jin in history. However, after he ascended the throne, Gong Hui failed to keep his promise and ceded the eight cities. Soon, there was a drought in the state of Jin. Qin Mugong not only ignored Jin's breach of contract, but also transported a large amount of grain to Jin for disaster relief. In the second year, there was a famine in the State of Qin, and messengers were sent to the State of Jin to buy grain. The state of Jin not only rejected the request of Qin, but also sent troops to attack Qin. In 645 BC, the State of Qin, which survived the famine, decided to teach a lesson, so the two countries started a war in Hanyuan. The State of Jin was defeated, and Jin was captured by Qin Jun. Later, under the repeated entreaties of King Xiang of Zhou and Wudi, he made an alliance with Jin and sent him back to Jin. Jin sent the prince to Qin as a hostage and gave the land west of the Yellow River to Qin. At this point, the eastern border of Qin extended to Longmen.

& gt& gt Later, Qin Mugong ruled Xirong. At this point, Qin gradually developed. The above contents are published by, some of which come from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author. If there is any infringement of your original copyright, please let us know and we will delete the relevant content as soon as possible.