What means of news dissemination did the ancients have?

China ancient news communication activities are mainly divided into six parts, namely, pre-Tang media, Tang news communication activities, Song news communication activities, Yuan news communication activities, Ming news communication activities and Qing news communication activities.

1. Media before Tang Dynasty.

① Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties: Muduo, a special media used to publish decrees and collect folk songs.

Other media: Oracle Bone Inscriptions (mainly used for divination and sacrifice) and epigraphy (imperial edicts and national laws).

(2) Han Dynasty: The development of postal system provided conditions for news dissemination.

Media: bamboo slips and wooden slips. The emergence of "Cai Hou Paper" in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

③ Three Kingdoms, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties:

Announcement: The main contents are imperial edicts and administrative decrees issued by governments at all levels.

Rube: It is used to spread the news of the victory of the war.

Other media: beacon tower (used for military purposes, mainly to guard against the armed invasion of northwest ethnic minorities), rumors, wooden slips, bamboo slips, wooden slips, etc.

2. News communication activities in the Tang Dynasty.

Newspapers in China began in the Tang Dynasty. The earliest newspaper was a government official newspaper published within the feudal bureaucracy.

Central:

① "kaiyuan miscellaneous newspapers": most of the official newspapers circulated in the kaiyuan period were messy reports of political information.

② Zou Jin Courtyard: an official newspaper published by feudal institutions, which was distributed by Zou Jin officials to all provinces and towns to introduce the political trends and news of the imperial court (Dunhuang Zou Jin Courtyard is the earliest newspaper in China and even the world).

③ Others: beacon towers, exposed cloth, posters, notices, etc.

Location: poetry, language, etc.

The characteristics of newspapers in Tang dynasty:

(1) has no header, and there are traces of official documents at the beginning and end.

(2) The way to send the report is to send it directly to their officers by the officers stationed in the courts of each buffer region.

(3) All information is collected by officials themselves.

3. News communication activities in Song Dynasty.

Central:

Dibao: an official newspaper managed and published by the central department in the Song Dynasty. Publisher: Du Jinge Theatre (mainly spreading government affairs).

Location:

Tabloid: The earliest unofficial newspaper in the history of China. It mainly publishes news and political materials.

News system: "fixed edition system" (the so-called "fixed edition" refers to the "treasure" samples produced after all kinds of information collected by attendance officers are sorted out by the inspectors of our college and sent to the Privy Council or the Prime Minister for examination and approval).

Other media: "list" (a means of news dissemination published by government departments and posted).

Remarks:

1. The significance of the emergence of tabloids in the Song Dynasty: its appearance broke through the official monopoly and closure of news dissemination activities and broke the situation that the official newspaper Di Bao dominated the world.

2. Reasons for repeated prohibitions: The tabloids have met certain social needs and gained social support because of their vitality.

3. The characteristics of newspapers in the Song Dynasty: under the unified management of the feudal central departments, they were compiled and distributed to local governments according to a certain system, completely divorced from official documents, and became official news dissemination tools, from irregular distribution to regular distribution.

4. News communication activities in Yuan Dynasty.

Mainly folk news communication activities, folk news media is relatively "small".

5. News communication activities in Ming Dynasty.

Central:

"treasure":

(1) Wanli Dynasty: the treasure of Wanli Dynasty is extracted in chronological order;

(2) Tian Bian Di Chao: a report that recorded a disastrous event during the reign of Xizong in the Ming Dynasty;

(3) Urgent newspaper selection: the content is mainly about appointing officials.

The workflow of excessive transmission and distribution of "Dibao";

General Political Department-Liu Ke-Prefect.

General Political Department: collecting news and local reports from all branches; Six subjects: mobile phones and related laws and chapters issued; Titang: Copy instructions and chapters from six writers, select and copy them before passing them on.

Venue: folk newspapers and magazines and newspaper copying agencies (most folk newspapers and magazines are separated from the official newspapers and magazines of Sports Hall).

Other media:

Tang newspaper: a local newspaper that reports military affairs to the central government from the bottom up (similar to frontier fortress newspaper in Song Dynasty).

Notice: the official news media that releases information to the society from top to bottom, from central to local, step by step.

Bamboo chips, posters and placards are mainly welcomed by the people's uprising troops.

6. News communication activities in Qing Dynasty.

Extended data:

Social productive forces developed rapidly in the early Tang Dynasty. During the hundred years from Zhenguan to Kaiyuan (627-74 1), the social economy continued to rise, and finally the Tang Dynasty became the emperor of Chinese culture. Not only in the art garden, but also in other cultural fields including news and communication activities, it has shown great progress and innovative vitality.

The concept of "news" came into being, and during this period, "Imperial Newspaper" and "Local Newspaper" appeared. Although the release of official news did not begin in the Tang Dynasty, it was at this stage that a complete set of communication channels was truly formed. It can be said that China's news dissemination activities formed a social undertaking, which seems to date from the Tang Dynasty.

When discussing ancient news activities, it often involves understanding the concept of "news". Some people regard the ancient "Zuo's Journey, You's Ji Yan" as a news record, and the beacon lighting as a news transmission, which will inevitably expand the concept of news and cause confusion in research work.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-China News Communication History