How do matter and space-time exchange energy?

However, physicists say that all this is just a superficial phenomenon. Energy is not conserved because our previous understanding of energy was too narrow. In microscopic problems, because vacuum also has energy, once the vacuum energy is considered, the total energy is still conserved. In macro-query, general relativity has long told us that energy will be absorbed or released when space is bent or unfolded. Therefore, the energy lost by red-shifted photons must be absorbed by curved spacetime. Once the energy changes in the space-time around it are taken into account, the total energy is still conserved.

In this case, there is nothing to say. However, the energy exchange between matter is understandable, but how is the exchange between matter and time and space? For example, how do red-shifted photons transfer energy to the surrounding space-time?

French physicist hibbert rossetter tried to solve this problem. He thinks the secret may be hidden at the intersection of general relativity and quantum mechanics.

This place, which involves both general relativity and quantum mechanics, should have been assisted by a unified theory of quantum gravity. Unfortunately, this theory has been neglected so far. An important reason is that quantum mechanics and relativity have great differences in time and space. Relativity holds that time and space are continuous and smooth; However, quantum mechanics believes that everything is separated and is a copy. If we go deeper, even time and space itself are the same.

The physical phenomena we have described so far all assume that space-time is smooth and continuous. Relativity tells us that any object with mass, even a microscopic particle, will distort the space-time around it, and the degree of distortion depends on its mass (for example, a black hole distorts its space into a funnel). But if space-time is really granular, it will definitely have an impact on the objects in it. Like an iron ball rolling on a thick blanket. From a distance, it sinks wherever it rolls, but from a close look, you will find that the surface of the blanket is not smooth, but consists of fine hairs that curl vertically. When the iron ball moves, it will be blocked by fine hair and lose energy. Rossetter said that particle space is like friction for moving particles, and the energy of particles is transferred to the "furry" space through this form.

If this idea is correct, then the matter in the universe has been losing energy since the Big Bang. Of course, for a single particle, the energy lost is very small, which cannot be detected by current equipment, but considering the size and age of the universe, these accumulated energies must be considerable enough to explain the origin of dark energy. In other words, dark energy is just the energy that matter is lost and absorbed by space and time when it is moving.

Rossetter calculated that if the total energy ratio of matter excluding dark energy in the universe is 10× 10× 10 cubic kilometers of water, the energy lost each year is only equivalent to the mass of a proton. Adding up all the energy lost since the Big Bang, compared with the dark energy observed in astronomy, the gap is reduced from the original 120 order of magnitude to 7 order of magnitude. He believes that if his theory is further improved, the gap may be narrowed.

Of course, this theory is not without controversy. First of all, it is difficult for physicists to understand space-time related things at the particle scale, because the effective general relativity at the celestial level fails here. Secondly, another hypothesis in Rosette's theory, that time and space are granular, has been very popular in popular science articles, but it is far from being confirmed in science. Therefore, to find out the real source of dark energy, I am afraid we need to wait for a unified theory combining quantum mechanics with general relativity.