Inventory 10 An outstanding "saint" in China history: the most holy Confucius.

People who have made outstanding contributions in a certain field in the history of our country are often regarded as? Saint? . ? Ten saints? Is Shijie from ancient China? Saint? But opinions vary, and the following ten people widely agree? Saint? . First, the most holy Confucius Confucius' name is Zi, and he was born in Lu (now Qufu South, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period. China was a famous thinker, politician and educator in ancient times, and the founder of Confucianism. After the Han Dynasty, the theory of Confucius gradually became the orthodoxy of feudal culture in China, which had a great influence. Later generations have always regarded him as? Saint? , known as? The most sacred teacher? The late Buddha was called King Wenxuan. According to legend, he has 3,000 disciples and 72 disciples of saints, who have led some disciples around the world. Revise poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music, preface Zhouyi, and write Chunqiu. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled the famous Confucian classic The Analects. His Confucianism has a far-reaching influence on China and the world. There are Confucius temples all over the world to worship Confucius. Confucius had a far-reaching influence on later generations, although he? Do it or say it? , but he is called? A saint in heaven? 、? Tiandao muduo? 、? Eternal saints? , is one of the most knowledgeable scholars in society at that time. He has many disciples, including those admired by later generations? Yasheng? Mencius and Xunzi, the second disciples of grandson Kong Ji. Second, the sage Mencius Mencius (about 372 BC? 289 BC), whose real name is Ke, was born in Zou (now southeast of Zou County, Shandong Province) in the middle of the Warring States Period, not far from Qufu, Confucius' hometown. He is a famous thinker, politician, educator, the successor of Confucius' theory and an important representative of Confucianism. According to legend, Mencius is a descendant of Lu nobles. He lost his father when he was a child, and his family was poor. He was a student of Zisi. After finishing his studies, he lobbied the governors as scholars in an attempt to promote his own political views, and successively went to Liang (Wei), Qi, Song, Teng and Lu. At that time, several great powers devoted themselves to strengthening this rich country and striving for reunification through violent means. And he inherited Confucius? Ren? And develop into? Ren? Thought. The author of Mencius is one of the Confucian classics. He is regarded as the authentic successor of Confucius' theory, also known as Confucius? Kong Meng? Respect? Yasheng? . Third, the poet Du Fu (AD 7 12? AD 770), the word, Han nationality, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty. His name was Shaoling Yelao, and he was called a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty together with Li Bai? Du Li? . To compete with two other poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu? Little Du Li? The difference is that Du Fu and Li Bai are also called together? Big Dooley? Du Fu is also often called? Lao Du? . Du Fu had a far-reaching influence on China's classical poetry and was called "Du Fu" by later generations. Poet saint? His poem is called. History of poetry? . Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang. Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals. The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. What does he have? To the monarch Yao Shun, and then make the customs chun? Grand ambition. Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu. Fourth, the word Saint Sushi (1037? 1 10 1), a writer and painter in the northern song dynasty. The word Zizhan, also known as He Zhong, is called Dongpo lay man. Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). Together with their father Su Xun and brother Su Zhe, they are called Su San. He is an all-rounder in literature and art, and his writing style is unrestrained and fluent. He is also known as Ou Su with Ouyang Xiu, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His poems are fresh and vigorous, and he is good at using exaggerated metaphors. He has a unique style in artistic expression, and is called Su Huang with Huang Tingjian. Bold ci school has a great influence on later generations, and it is called Su Xin with Xin Qiji; Calligraphy is good at running script and regular script, and it can be innovative. Writing with a pen is ups and downs, full of childlike interest. And Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang are also called Song Sijia. Painting, like literature, I like to be a strange stone. On painting, I advocate similarity. Poems include "Seven Chapters of Dongpo" and "Dongpo Yuefu". 5. Du Kang, the wine saint, also known as Shao Kang, was born in Xia Dynasty. Du Kang is an ancient legend in China? The ancestor of winemaking? . Du Kang was born in Kangjiawei, Baishui County, Shaanxi Province and was buried here. According to Baishui County Records in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty: Du Kang, whose real name is Zhongning, was Kang Jiawei of this county and was good at making wine. ? . According to legend, Du Kang takes water to make wine, which is evidenced by words: He Yi wine, full of wine; Liquor alone cures diseases. Therefore, drinking all day long, not indulging; Take it for life and get the sum of qi and blood. A hundred miles away, sell more white wine. The legacy of Xianze is unique to the local area, and it has been preserved to this day along the valley of the site, and it is also clear. ? As the originator of wine, Du Kang opened the source of Chinese wine culture with a long history. In the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao shouted? When you are generous, you will never forget your troubles. How can you lighten them? Only Du Kang? Eternal swan song. So people later called it? Wine saint? . Sixth, the book saint Wang Xizhi, the word, Han nationality, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, called? Wang Youcheng? Linyi, Shandong Province in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, later moved to Yin Shan, Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and lived in seclusion in Jinting County in his later years. Successive secretary, general Ningyuan, Jiangzhou secretariat, later literature and history records, right general. His calligraphy is good at calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy. The style is peaceful and natural, the brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, and it is beautiful. The most famous calligrapher in the history of China. His calligraphy absorbed the essence of Wei and Jin calligraphy and created a unique style. The regular script he wrote further got rid of the traces of official law and reached an independent and perfect position. People praise his calligraphy? Floating like a cloud 、? If you are agile? , recognize him? Book saint? . Seven, painting saint Wu Daozi (about 680? 759), a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, Han nationality, Yang Zhai (now Yuzhou, Henan). In the history of painting, he was honored as Wu Sheng because he believed in Huang and later changed his name to? Dao Xuan? . Summoned by the late Buddha? Painting saint? , respected as the founder by folk painters. I was lonely in my early years and liked painting, but before I was weak, I could do it. The beauty of poverty? . He is the founder of China landscape painting, and is known as? Painting saint? , known as? Wu Dai is the wind? His figure painting is more famous? Is it the best in the world? . He is good at drawing Buddhist and Taoist figures. He studied under Zhang Liang, a monk in the Southern Dynasties, and recently under Zhang Xiaoshi. His calligraphy is straight, vigorous, vivid and three-dimensional. He has produced more than 300 Buddhist and Taoist murals in temples in Chang 'an and Luoyang, with different situations. Put pen to paper, starting from the arm, or starting from the foot, without losing the scale; Write a round Buddha statue, a beam of a building pillar, or a bow with a sharp blade, without a round ruler. The painted figures are good at using lines such as orchid leaves or water shield strips to express the folds of clothes and make them float and lift, so they are called people? Wu Dai is in the wind. I also like to cross the line with Jiao Mo, add a little bright color, also known as? Wuzhuang. ? Eight, medical sage Zhang Zhongjing (about AD 150? 154? About ad 2 15? 2 19) was born in Nieyang County (now Gedong Town, dengzhou city City, Henan Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. A famous doctor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was honored as a medical sage by later generations. Zhang Zhongjing extensively collected medical prescriptions and wrote the masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases handed down from ancient times. The established principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment is the basic principle of TCM clinic and the soul of TCM. In the aspect of prescription science, Treatise on Febrile Diseases has also made great contributions, creating many dosage forms and recording a large number of effective prescriptions. The therapeutic principle of differentiation of six meridians established by him has been highly praised by doctors in past dynasties. This is the first medical monograph in China to establish the law of syndrome differentiation and treatment from theory to practice. It is one of the most influential works in the history of Chinese medicine, and it is a necessary classic work for later scholars to study Chinese medicine, which has been widely valued by medical students and clinicians. Nine, medicine holy sun Sun Simiao simiao AD 58 1? Born in Huayuan (now Sun Jiayuan, Yao County, Shaanxi Province) in 682 AD, Sun Zhenren was a great physician in Sui and Tang Dynasties. He is also a Taoist figure with high status. In many Taoist temples, there is a "Medicine King Hall". He has a noble medical ethics, attaches importance to health preservation and helps others. He is a real Taoist. He is from Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province, China. 58 1 was born in a poor peasant family. He was very clever since he was a child and was highly praised by his teachers. When he grew up, he began to like Taoism. Due to the social unrest at that time, Sun Simiao lived in seclusion in Taibai Mountain, Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province, and gradually gained a high reputation. At that time, the imperial court appointed Sun Simiao as Dr. imperial academy, but he refused. In Taibai Mountain, Sun Simiao studied Taoist classics and explored the art of health preservation. At the same time, he also read many medical books and studied ancient medical prescriptions. He chose to "heal the wounded and rescue the dying" as his lifelong career. In order to understand the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine, he traveled all over the mountains. Sun Simiao also attached great importance to the folk medical experience, constantly accumulated interviews and recorded them in time, and finally completed his immortal book "Thousands of Money". After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao began to accept the invitation of the imperial court and cooperated with * * * to carry out medical activities. In 659 AD, the world's first national pharmacopoeia, Tang Xin Materia Medica, was completed. His book Qian Jin Fang Yao is the earliest medical encyclopedia in China. From basic theory to clinical subjects, the theory, methods and prescriptions are complete, which is a valuable asset of Chinese medicine. So people later called it? Drug king? ,? Real people? ,? Medicine saint? . 10. Lu Yuzi Hung-chien, named Donggangzi, was born in Jingling (now Tianmen, Hubei) in the Tang Dynasty, and was a famous tea expert in ancient China. Lu Yu loved tea all his life and was good at tea ceremony, and wrote the world's first monograph on tea science? Tea Classic is world-renowned and has made outstanding contributions to the development of tea industry in China and the world. He is also very good at writing poems, but his poems are few in the world at present. He has a strong interest in tea, long-term investigation and research, familiar with tea planting, breeding and processing technology, and good at tea tasting. In the early Shang Yuan period of Tang Dynasty (AD 760), Lu Yu lived in seclusion all over the south of the Yangtze River and wrote three volumes of Tea Classic, which became the first tea classic in the world. Lu Yu's autobiography was written all over Tang Wen. He wrote three volumes of banter. He initiated an era of tea. Later generations praised him as? Tea god? 、? Cha Sheng? .