Confucius in classical Chinese said the answer.

1. classical Chinese answer to Confucius' exhortation, the original text met Confucius, and Confucius asked, "why are you so happy?" He said, "Good sword." Confucius said, "I didn't ask this question. I just said that I can do what my son can do. With knowledge, can I achieve it? " Lutz said, "Is learning beneficial?" Confucius said, "A lady will lose her honor if she doesn't give advice, and a scholar will lose her hearing if she doesn't have a church member. If you fight a crazy horse, you won't release the strategy. If you hold a bow, you will be straight. If you are admonished, you will be sacred. If you learn, you will ask again. Destroying benevolence and evil officials is a near punishment. A gentleman must learn. " Lutz said, "There are bamboos in Nanshan." Confucius said, "It includes the feather, not too deep, but can be sharpened." Lutz said again, "I am respected and educated." This paragraph is selected from the editor's note. ① It is the same as "Qi" and pronoun, which is equivalent to "Who". ② Yes: it means rhetorical tone, which is equivalent to "No". 3 interpretation: release. Strategy: whip. ④: (qíng) correction. Attention. ⑦ Kneading: Processing. 8 rhinoceros skin: rhinoceros skin. Pet-name ruby includes: the end of the arrow. Feather: Used as a verb, meaning to attach an arrow feather. ⑩ ?: (zú): Arrow, used as a verb, meaning "attached arrow". Mo Li: Sharpen a stone, used as a verb, Luz replied, "I like long swords." Confucius said, "That's not what I asked. With your talent and knowledge, you should have good talent. " Lutz said, "Can learning increase our ability?" Confucius said, "If you don't have a minister who dares to remonstrate, there is something wrong with your politics; If a scholar has no friends who can correct his shortcomings, his moral character is easy to be lost. Wild horses can't put down their whips, and they can't shoot arrows with bows. Trees can only grow straight by pulling with ink ropes, and people can only be noble if they can accept good words. If you teach them seriously and ask more questions, there is nothing they can't learn. Those who violate benevolence and righteousness and specialize in evil will be punished by national laws at any time. Therefore, a gentleman has to learn. Lutz said: "There is a kind of bamboo in Nanshan, which is straight and does not knead or bake. After sharpening, it can penetrate the thick skin of rhinoceros, so why go through the learning process? Confucius said, "If you put feathers on the tail of an arrow and sharpen it, can't the arrow shoot deeper and farther?" Lutz thanked him and said, "I really benefited a lot." The editor briefly analyzed this passage, which was selected from Confucius' Family Language and recorded a conversation between Confucius and Lutz when they first met. From this, we can appreciate Confucius' tireless educational thought of persuading people. "Don't be angry, don't be unhappy. In the face of Lutz's questioning and rhetorical question, Confucius made a concise and profound correction to the language. Confucius' students put a seemingly irrelevant sentence at the beginning. Confucius said, "Why not learn from time to time? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Ignorance and dissatisfaction are not gentlemen? " What does Confucius want to express? In junior high school, the teacher separated three sentences, which were easy to understand: it is always a pleasure to look back and learn from the past, and friends come to see me from afar; Some people don't know it themselves, but they are not angry. Isn't that what gentlemen do? It is even more gratifying. Indeed, Confucius is proud of being a gentleman, although it may seem a bit silly now. In fact, China people are often good at analysis in their studies, but they often lack comprehensive ability. Mr. nan huaijin explained this sentence in The Analects of Confucius, which sounds logical, but it is not clear whether it conforms to the original intention. He said that these are three things that are connected by cause and effect: review makes Britain better. There are two behaviors in learning-learning and thinking. Confucius said in the second chapter of Politics: "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." It means that if you only study without thinking, you will be confused and get nothing; Thinking without learning will lead to slacking off and getting nothing. These are the two extremes in the learning process. In high school, this sentence has always been my motto. I really should thank Kong Old Master Q for being admitted to the university. My deskmate failed, but he worked as hard as I did. It's not that my luck is better than his. I think it is in this sentence. He is good at solving problems, but seldom thinks independently. In fact, thinking is also a skill that needs to be learned. Mine. Confucius said in the fifteenth chapter of Wei Linggong: "It is better to learn than to think useless." It seems that learning is more important than thinking, but it is not. Confucius said so, I can also say that it is useless to learn, it is better to think. Learning and thinking is learning. You can be a teacher. "If you review what you have learned and gain new experience, you can become a teacher." If you know what you have lost for one day and forget what you can do for one month, you can be said to be eager to learn. "If you remember what you will forget every day and don't forget what you have learned every month, then you can be said to be eager to learn. In high school, the teacher once told us the law of forgetting. You must review what you have learned in the past within 24 hours before you can remember it in your mind for a long time. Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? " Check whether you have done three things well every day: are you loyal to planning for others? Is it trustworthy to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher said? Everyone who is eager to learn is struggling with forgetfulness. The methods that Confucius has explored in decades of study are taught to his students without reservation. In terms of learning attitude, firstly, Confucius thinks that "the knower is not as good as the doer, and the doer is not as good as the musician." In other words, people who know are not as happy as people who like them, and people who like them are not as happy as themselves. Interest is the best teacher. Confucius also paid attention to guiding students to cultivate their interest in learning.

2. Read the following classical Chinese and answer Confucius' question: "A gentleman is not arrogant if he is not heavy, and his studies are not solid. See underlined sentences in the reference translation.

Small problem: ① A gentleman should be dignified, study hard, make friends seriously, and change after passing. (2) Because Confucius believes that "harmony" is principled, it is impossible to talk about "harmony" without certain rules and regulations.

According to the meaning of the text and Confucius' thoughts, Confucius said: "A gentleman (if) he is not solemn, he has no dignity, and even if he studies, he will not consolidate." Be loyal and trustworthy, and don't make friends with people who are not as good as yourself; If you make a mistake, don't be afraid to correct it.

A son said, "The function of courtesy is to be appropriate when something happens. The ancient method of governing the country by a wise monarch is valuable here; They should do it properly, big or small.

However, if there is something that doesn't work, it is not feasible to blindly seek power without certain rules and regulations to control it. "。

3. What does it mean to learn from Confucius? Confucius (1): "How about learning (2) and learning (3)? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know (7) and don't care (8). Is it not a gentleman (9)? " Note (1): In ancient China, the title of respect for men with status and knowledge was sometimes referred to as men.

"Confucius" in The Analects of Confucius refers to Confucius. (2) Learning: The "learning" mentioned by Confucius here mainly refers to learning the traditional cultural classics such as rites, music, poems and books of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

(3) Time habit: During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the word "time" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at an appropriate time". However, Zhu interpreted "time" as "constant" in his book The Analects of Confucius.

"Xi" refers to exercises, rituals and music; Comment on poetry and books. It also means review, internship and practice.

(4) Say: the sound of yuè means joy, joy and joy. (5) Have friends: There is a book called Friends and Friends.

The old note said, "friends of the same school", that is, friends studying under the same teacher, that is, like-minded people. (6) Music: different from talking.

The old note said that joy is in the heart and joy is outside. (7) People don't know: This sentence is incomplete, and there is nothing that people don't know.

Missing object. Generally speaking, knowing is understanding.

People don't know, that is, others don't know themselves. (8) Yan: Anger, resentment.

(9) Gentleman: The gentleman in The Analects of Confucius sometimes refers to a virtuous person and sometimes refers to a person. This refers to Confucius' ideal person with noble personality.

Confucius said, "isn't it pleasant to review exercises often after learning?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? I'm not disgusted or angry that people don't understand me. Isn't he also a virtuous gentleman? Zhu, a famous scholar in Song Dynasty, spoke highly of this chapter, saying that it is "the door of enlightenment and the foundation of moral accumulation". These three sentences in this chapter are familiar to everyone.

The traditional explanation is: often review exercises after learning, are you unhappy, and so on. Three sentences, one meaning, and there is no coherence before and after the sentence.

However, some people think that this explanation is not in line with the original intention, pointing out that "learning" here does not refer to learning, but to theories or propositions; "Time" can't be interpreted as always, but the meaning of the times or society. "Learning" is not reviewing, but applying, which means adopting. And these three sentences are not isolated, but coherent.

These three sentences mean: if your own theory is adopted by society, you will be very happy; To say the least, if it is not adopted by the society, but many friends agree with my theory, I am also willing to come here to discuss the problem; To say the least, even if society doesn't adopt it and people don't understand me, I don't resent it. Isn't this a gentleman? (See Qilu Academic Journal, No.6, 1986) This explanation can be justified, and there is also some truth for readers to refer to when understanding the contents of this chapter. In addition, in the explanation of the sentence "people don't know, but don't worry", some people think that there is no object behind "people don't know", so what does people don't know? At that time, because Confucius had a specific environment to speak, he didn't need to say what he knew, and others could understand it, but it left a mystery to future generations.

Some people say this sentence is a continuation of the previous one. A friend from afar asked me for advice. I told him, but he still didn't understand, but I didn't resent it. In this way, "people don't know" means "people don't know what I'm talking about"

This explanation seems far-fetched. In a word, this chapter puts forward that learning is a kind of fun, which makes people unsatisfied without knowing it, and embodies that Confucius never tires of learning, never tires of teaching, and pays attention to self-cultivation