Brief introduction of Mogao grottoes information!

Since the Han Dynasty, the communication between China and the West has been smooth, and the east of Dunhuang can directly reach Chang 'an in the Central Plains. To the west of Dunhuang, it passes through Pamirs and Central Asia and reaches ancient India, ancient Persia and even the Mediterranean coast. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions twice, with the intention of uniting with the Yue family to fight against the Huns. Later, with the increasing economic and cultural exchanges between Han and Yi, the Silk Road came into being. The word "Dunhuang" first appeared in Zhang Qian's report on his mission to the Western Regions, Historical Records and Biography of Dawan. Han Yingshao interpreted Dunhuang as: Dun, a great cause; Yellow. This shows the bustling scene of Dunhuang area at that time. Its key geographical location made it the first to be influenced by foreign cultures. According to textual research, Dunhuang was not only the foothold of Chinese and foreign businessmen at that time, but also the post of envoys from 39 countries, such as the DPRK, Yueshi and Tangju in the Western Regions. At present, most of the ancient books such as silver coins, precious stones, spices and Buddhist scriptures unearthed in Mogao Grottoes are imported from the west, which shows that western culture has begun to infiltrate into the Central Plains culture at that time. In addition to envoys and businessmen, monks from the East and China monks seeking dharma from the West also came in an endless stream. The Tang Dynasty's "Li Kerang Xiu Mogao Grottoes Buddha Monument" found in Cave 332 of Mogao Grottoes records the reasons for the initial construction of Mogao Grottoes: "In the second year of Qin Jianyuan, there was Samoan music _", "I tasted the wild forest and stopped here (Shaming Mountain), and suddenly I saw golden light, which looked like a thousand buddhas." Monk Le _ was moved by this scene and stayed in Mogao Grottoes to build the first grotto. This is the earliest building history of Mogao Grottoes. Later, monks from east to west saw the caves built by Le _ Monk and felt the sacred significance, so they dug caves nearby. Therefore, the Mogao Grottoes was not only the first place to accept foreign ideas, but also the initial foothold for foreign religions to be introduced into China. The Tang Dynasty witnessed economic prosperity, social harmony and frequent economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. So far, the Mogao Grottoes have become the only place to travel to the western regions. The Tang Dynasty was also the heyday of the development of Buddhism in China. According to Zhu Lin in Fayuan, there were 1985 temples and more than 236,399 monks. Statue 1 10430 body; 82 translation classics. It can be seen that Buddhism has flourished in the Tang Dynasty. Wang Wei mentioned that "there is no reason for the west to go out of the Yangguan Pass" in "Sending the Second Envoy to Anxi". Why don't you have any old friends when you leave Yangguan? Because the south of the Mogao Grottoes is the Rocky Mountains, the environment is harsh and there are few people, so people who see me off often go to the Mogao Grottoes and never leave again. People who go out must pray to the gods for a safe journey and all the best, and most of them will give them something as a wish. After returning home, small achievers will present copied scriptures or dig some small holes in Dunhuang, and great achievers will make big holes to repay their kindness. At that time, Dunhuang was the only place for land transportation at home and abroad, and many people went out for business. Of course, many people made a fortune in the spring breeze, which is also the reason why Dunhuang stone chambers developed very prosperously in the Tang Dynasty. It can be seen that in addition to monks and envoys, there are also businessmen praying for themselves and donating money to build the Dunhuang Grottoes. Up to now, we can still see the huge caravan of western regions from the stone wall of Mogao Grottoes. It can be seen that the economic exchange at that time promoted the rapid development of culture. The most famous flying image of Dunhuang murals is a typical example of cultural exchange and mutual learning between China and foreign countries. Tian Fei originated from ancient Indian sculptures and murals in the 2nd century BC. With the spread of Buddhism to the East, this image developed in various countries and regions along the way and finally settled in Dunhuang. In China, the word "flying" first appeared in Luoyang Ji. The second volume "East of the City" records: "Nanshiqiao Road is also the seat of Jingxing Temple, and eunuchs and other places have also been established. There is a golden statue, three feet above the ground, covered with treasures, with golden bells and seven pearls hanging all around, flying in the sky and looking at Yun Biao. " At present, it is impossible to see what the specific image of Tian Fei Yue Ji is, but in ancient China, it seems that there were two "Fei Xian" systems. One is China native, which refers to the feather man and is the product of immortal thought. The second is the Heaven and Man from India. It can be seen from the rock wall of Mogao grottoes that this kind of heaven and man is no longer a simple image of feather man, but a product of the combination of feather man and flight. It can be seen that this image was also integrated with Indian local culture after it was introduced into China, which not only adapted to the social needs of China at that time, but also reflected the cultural exchange between China and India. Economic development has promoted cultural exchanges, and foreign cultures have developed into new products through regional absorption. This shows that China's culture is profound and eclectic. It not only boldly absorbs the nutrition of foreign cultures, but also makes changes on this basis, breaking through the tradition and bringing forth the new, thus creating China products with China characteristics. Source: Tourist Association.