The arrangement order of dynasties

1, Xia dynasty: about 2029 BC-about 1559 BC, * * * year: 47 1.

2. Shang Dynasty: about 1559 BC-about 1046 BC, * * *.

3. Zhou Dynasty: about 65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC, divided into Western Zhou Dynasty and Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and Eastern Zhou Dynasty was divided into Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. * * * Count: 867 years.

4. Qin Dynasty: 2265438 BC+0-206 BC. Before 22 1, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, unified the six countries and was called the emperor at first. * * * Count: 16.

5. Western Chu: From 206 BC to 202 BC, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, counted five years.

6. Western Han Dynasty: 202 BC-8 AD, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, * * * meter: 2 10 year.

7. New Dynasty: From the twelfth month of the eighth year of AD to the 23rd year of AD1October 6th, the new emperor Wang Mang built the Emperor Xing, counting: 16.

8. Xuanhan: In 23-25 AD, Liu Xuan, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty, changed his name to * * *.

9. Eastern Han Dynasty: 25-220 AD, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, counted as 196.

10, Three Kingdoms: In 220-280 AD, Wei, Shu and Wu were the three pillars, which was 6 1 year.

1 1, Jin Dynasty: 265-420 AD, divided into Western Jin Dynasty (265-3 16) and Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17-420), * * * meter: 156.

12, Northern and Southern Dynasties: 420-589 AD, 170.

13, Sui Dynasty: 58 1- 6 18, Sui Wendi, * * * count: 38 years.

14, Tang Dynasty: A.D. 6 18-907, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, 290.

15, Five Dynasties: 907-960 AD, Hou Liang, Later Tang Dynasty, Later Jin Dynasty, Later Han Dynasty, Later Zhou Dynasty, * * *.

16, Shikoku: 89 1-979, * * *, 89.

17, Song Dynasty: 960- 1279, divided into Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127) and Southern Song Dynasty (1 1279), *.

18, Yuan Dynasty: A.D. 127 1-1368, Genghis Khan, Yuan Taizu, * * * year: 98.

19, Ming dynasty: A.D. 1368- 1644, Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, * * * year: 277.

20. Qing Dynasty: A.D. 1644- 19 12, Aixinjue Luo Nurhachi, the Qing Taizu, * * * year: 268 years.

Second, the dynasty information

1, Qin dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China, which was developed by the State of Qin during the Warring States Period. Fei Da, the ancestor of the Qin people, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and was given the surname of Won.

When he was in Qin Mugong, he was a wise man, coachable was modest, destroyed twelve countries, traveled thousands of miles, and became increasingly powerful. 36 1 year ago, Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne and reused Shang Yang's two political reforms, which made Qin's economy develop and the combat effectiveness of the army continuously strengthened, and developed into the most prosperous vassal state at the end of the Warring States Period. Qin destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively, and completed the great cause of reunification.

22 1 years ago, the king of Qin proclaimed himself emperor, which was called "Qin Shihuang" in history. The Qin dynasty set up three officials and nine ministers in the central government to manage state affairs; Partially abolish the enfeoffment system and replace it with the county system; Implement books in the same language, cars in the same track and unified measurement.

Attack the Huns in the north, conquer hundreds of places in the south, build the Great Wall to repel foreign enemies, and dig Lingqu to connect the water system. The establishment of centralization laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years, and laid the ruling foundation of China's unified dynasty. Therefore, it is called "practicing Qin law in past dynasties"? .

The Qin Dynasty ended the 500-year-old warlord regime since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first multi-ethnic centralized country in China's history. This has had a profound impact on the history of China.

Before 2 10, Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province) during his cruise. His son Hu Hai acceded to the throne as Qin Ershi. Although the Qin dynasty had a great influence in history, it abused the people's power and was unified for only ten years.

In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Guangwu cut wood into enemy weapons, rose up and the whole world responded. Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought against Qin in Jianghuai. Before 207, Qin died.

2. Western Jin Dynasty

The Western Jin Dynasty (AD 266-AD 3 16) is one of the unified dynasties in the history of China after the Three Kingdoms period, and it is also called the Jin Dynasty with the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Pass it on to the four emperors, and the country will be fifty-one years. If you start by destroying Wu Dong, you will only stand for 37 years. In order to distinguish it from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the history is called the Western Jin Dynasty, and the two Jin Dynasties are also called Sima Jin.

At the end of the Three Kingdoms, Qiu, a general of Cao Wei, Sima Yi, a teacher, and Sima Shi, the second son, were all powerful ministers. In 265 AD, Sima Yan took the place of Cao Wei's regime and established a new regime. The founding country name is Jin, and its capital is Luoyang. After the Western Jin Dynasty replaced Wei Dynasty, the battle of Xiling occurred, and Sun Wu was destroyed in 280 AD, ending the division and reunification of the three countries. ?

However, after the destruction of Wu, the whole country in the Western Jin Dynasty was immersed in an atmosphere of extravagance and corruption. Emperor Wu of Jin was born in a clan, and his family has long developed into a huge powerful group. Therefore, since the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, the political style has been very dark and bribery has become the norm.

A major feature of the Western Jin Dynasty is that a large number of nomadic tribes moved inward. Since Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty allowed border people to move in, a large number of nomadic people moved in. By the time of the Western Jin Dynasty, the foreigners in Guanzhong and Liangzhou had accounted for half of the local population. These foreigners were taken into slavery by the clan. Due to many immigrants, it is not far from the Jin people in Guanzhong area. For the subjugation of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Sixteen Countries of Wuhu laid the groundwork.

After the Eight Kings Rebellion, the western Jin Dynasty was badly weakened, and the nationalities who moved in took the opportunity to dispatch troops, resulting in the situation of five chaos, and a large number of people and clans began to cross south. The Western Jin Dynasty was a short-lived unity during the long-term division of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which was called "a flash in the pan". In 3 17 AD, Si Marui proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang and rebuilt Wu, which was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history.

During the Western Jin Dynasty, it was famous for imitating the high-temperature firing of celadon for casting bronzes. The education level in the Western Jin Dynasty was also very high. Wang Shuhe, a famous doctor, wrote Pulse Sutra; Pei Xiu, a geographer, compiled Map of Gong Yu; and Chen Shou wrote The History of the Three Kingdoms.

3. Eastern Jin Dynasty

The Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17-420) was a political power established after Si Marui, the imperial clan of the Western Jin Dynasty, moved southward. The Western Jin Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital, perished, which was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history. In addition, history books imitate the Eastern Han Dynasty and call the Eastern Jin Dynasty the Middle Jin Dynasty, which means the revival of the Jin Dynasty. In addition, most of the areas ruled by the Eastern Jin Dynasty were in Jiangdong, which was called Jiangzuo in ancient times, so Jiangzuo was referred to as the Eastern Jin Dynasty for short. ?

The Eastern Jin Dynasty was aristocratic politics, which coexisted with the northern five lakes and sixteen countries. This historical period is also known as the Sixteen Countries of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the interior was once divided. The Eastern Jin Dynasty, before Sun Wu, followed by Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, were collectively referred to as the Six Dynasties.

The Eastern Jin Dynasty tried many times to explore the north, but because of internal disunity, nothing was achieved except the final usurpation of the throne by Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. Zu Ti had hoped to restore his old place, but he was taken hostage by Si Marui and died of depression. Huan Wen's Northern Expedition was defeated by Mu Rongchui.

In the eighth year of Taiyuan (383), Fu Jian, the former Qin Dynasty, led the troops to invade the south, and Xie Anli, the prime minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, took the lead in fighting, and sent Xie Shi and Xie Xuan to lead the army, which won a great victory in the battle of Feishui. Fu Jian fled to the north alone, which led to the separation of the north and the south. Later, Huan Xuan rebelled, abolished Andi and became the son of heaven. Later, he was leveled by the general. He supported Gongdi, but he lost power.

In the second year of Yuanxi (420), Emperor Wu abolished Gong Jin and established Liu Song. The Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, and the history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

4. Sui Dynasty

The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 6 19) was a unified dynasty in the history of China. ?

In February of 58 1 year, Emperor Jingdi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty abdicated to Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished. Yang established the title of "Sui" and made its capital Daxing (now Shaanxi An).

In 589 AD, the Chen Dynasty perished in the south, and China was unified, ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. In 605 AD, after Yang Di ascended the throne, Yuwen Kai was ordered to build Tokyo and moved the capital to Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan) in the same year.

During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the people's livelihood was rich, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the politics was clear, which created a prosperous situation of ruling the emperor. During the reign of Yang Di in Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was built, but the excessive consumption of national strength led to the rebellion of the people and nobles at the end of Sui Dynasty.

In 6 18, Yu Wenhuaji and others launched a mutiny and killed the emperor Yang Di. Emperor Yangdi You Yang abdicated and established the Tang Dynasty. In 6 19, Yang Dong, the king's emperor, was also abolished, and the Sui Dynasty perished, which lasted for 38 years. ?

The Sui Dynasty carried out drastic reforms in the political, economic, cultural and diplomatic fields. The political system of three provinces and six departments was established, which was more perfect in the Tang Dynasty, consolidated centralization, formally implemented the imperial examination system, selected outstanding talents, and weakened the phenomenon of clan monopoly of official positions.

In addition, the system of deliberation, supervision and performance evaluation of government affairs hall was established, the government mechanism was strengthened, politics was reformed according to the experience of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal was built, and the land and water transportation lines were improved.

Militarily, we will continue to implement and improve the government soldier system. Economically, on the one hand, the land equalization system is implemented, the tax and fee system is changed, and the production pressure of farmers is reduced; On the other hand, measures such as checking accounts, such as reading appearance and setting samples, are taken to increase fiscal revenue.

In terms of diplomacy, the prosperity of the Sui Dynasty also made the neighboring countries and China's ethnic minorities, such as Gaochang, Japan, Koguryo, Silla, Baekje and the surrendered East Turkic, deeply influenced by the culture and laws of the Sui Dynasty, among which the Japanese envoy to Sui was the most famous in diplomacy.

5. Southern Song Dynasty

The Southern Song Dynasty (1 127- 1279) was a dynasty in the history of China. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou, with Tianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) as its capital, was called the Song Dynasty together with the Northern Song Dynasty. * * * spread to the five emperors and enjoyed the country for 152 years.

In AD 1 127, after the Jingkang Revolution, Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Song Huizong, survived, made Tianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) his capital, and built a temple to claim the title of emperor. His country name is still Song Dynasty, which is called Southern Song Dynasty in history.

1 138, the Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin 'an House (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Xu Jin went south several times, but failed to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty. The Northern Expedition failed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty confronted Xu Jin.

In A.D. 1 14 1, Song and Jin reached a peace agreement in Shaoxing. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the area north of the Huaihe River was abandoned and the Huaihe River-Dasanguan was the dividing line between the two sides.

In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, the government was corrupt, treacherous officials came forth in large numbers, and Mongolians in Mobei grassland began to rise. In 1206, Genghis Khan unified Mobei grassland to establish Mongolia, and in121year, he began to invade the Jin Dynasty on a large scale. The Western Liao Dynasty perished in 12 18, the Western Xia Dynasty perished in 1227 and the Jin Dynasty perished in 1234.

1235, Mongolia invaded the Southern Song Dynasty, and the soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty fought to the death. Until 1276, Lin' an prefecture fell, and 1279, Song Jun was defeated in the naval battle of Yashan. Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with the late Song Emperor Zhao Min, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished.

The Southern Song Dynasty followed the Northern Song Dynasty in many fields, such as politics and military affairs. A series of measures to strengthen the centralization of central and local power, bureaucracy, justice and military power.

Militarily, on the basis of recruiting defeated soldiers and loyalist troops, we started the road of military reconstruction, and finally formed several powerful military forces, so there were Yue Jiajun (Yue Fei's army) and Han Jiajun (Han Shizhong's army).

Although the Southern Song Dynasty was located in the south of the Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, it was a dynasty with prosperous economy and culture and a high degree of opening to the outside world in the history of China. The direct cause of the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty was the devastating blow of the nomadic people in Mobei to the agricultural production relations in the Song Dynasty.

Baidu encyclopedia-Chinese historical dynasties

Baidu Encyclopedia-Western Jin Dynasty

Baidu encyclopedia-eastern Jin dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qin Dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia-Southern Song Dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia-Sui Dynasty