In what form are most Aesop's fables written?

Brief introduction of Aesop's fable author

Aesop, a Greek fable writer in the 6th century BC. An ugly and clever fable master. The Phrygians. According to Herodotus, he was a slave of the Yademon family in Samos and was later killed by the Delphi people. After his death, there was a plague in Delphi, and the people of Delphi paid for his life. The money was taken by the grandson of the same name of the old duck Demen. Legend has it that after Yademont released him, he often went to the court of King Lydia's cloister. It is also said that during the reign of Petrato, he visited Athens and told the Athenians the fable of "Frog Begging for King", discouraging them from replacing Petrato with others. In a biography of Aesop discovered in13rd century, he was described as ugly, and many stories about him came from this biography. By the end of the 5th century BC, the name Aesop was well known to the Greeks, and all Greek fables began to belong to him. Demetrious (345-283 BC) edited the first collection of Greek fables (lost). /kloc-In the 20th and 2nd centuries, Phedros and Babris wrote two poetic Aesop fables in Latin and Greek respectively. Aesop's Fables, which is common now, was compiled by later generations according to the fables collected by Byzantine monk Planudus and the copied versions of ancient Greek fables discovered one after another.

Interpretation of Aesop's fables

Aesop's Fables is an ancient Greek fable, which became Aesop's Fables after being processed by later generations. Judging from the works, the time span is long, and the tendency of each article is not exactly the same. Speculation is not a one-off work, but can be considered as a collective creation of ancient Greeks in a long historical period. Aesop's fable means "Aesop's fable", and Aesop may be one of the important authors. A small part was created by later generations and issued in the name of master Aesop.

Aesop's fables come from the folk, so the life, thoughts and feelings of the lower class people have been more prominently reflected. For example, exposing the greed and selfishness of the rich; The cruel nature of whipping the wicked; Affirm that labor creates wealth; An attack on social inequality; A satire on cowardice and laziness; Praise for the brave struggle. There are also many fables that teach people how to be a man, how to be a man, how to distinguish right from wrong, and how to become smart and wise. Aesop's Fables is an overview, refinement and summary of the life and struggle of the ancient Greeks, and it is a spiritual legacy left by the ancient Greeks to future generations.

Aesop's fables are concise, vivid, imaginative, philosophical, ideological and artistic. Among them, the farmer and snake, fox and grape, wolf and lamb, tortoise and rabbit race, shepherd and wolf, farmer and his children have become household names all over the world.

This book has the largest number of readers in the world and has the greatest influence on western ethics and political thought. The essence of eastern and western folk literature and the crystallization of the wisdom of working people. The book 100 which has influenced human culture is one of the oldest fables in the world.

Aesop's Fables is the oldest collection of fables in the world, with short length and informal form. Simple stories often shine with the light of wisdom, and generate shines with the spark of wisdom, which contains profound implications. It is not only an enlightenment textbook to instill the concept of good, evil, beauty and ugliness in children, but also a life textbook, which has a great influence on future generations. In the history of European literature, it laid the foundation for fable creation. Aesop's Fables is often quoted by literary works and even political works all over the world, either as a metaphor for reasoning or as a weapon of attack and satire. The essence of this book still has positive practical significance. In the history of the development of European fables, ancient Greek fables occupy an important position. It initiated the development of European fables and influenced the whole process of the development of European fables. Fable is a kind of folk oral creation, which mainly reflects people's life wisdom, including social activities, productive labor and daily life. Aesop's Fables is compiled from various manuscripts handed down from generation to generation, including more than 300 fables, some of which are widely known. Animals in Aesop's fables, except some animals, generally have no fixed personality characteristics, such as foxes and wolves. Sometimes they are endowed with negative personality, and sometimes they are affirmed. Some of the author's ideas are expressed by personifying animals. These animal stories are undoubtedly fictional, but they are natural and realistic. This is different from the basic stereotyped personality characteristics formed by later fables.

Aesop's fables had a great influence on the later development of European fables. Phedros, an ancient Roman fable writer in 1 century AD, directly inherited Aesop's fable tradition, borrowed many stories from Aesop's fables and called his fables "Aesop-style fables". Briouse, a Greek fable writer in the 2nd century A.D., adopted Aesop's fables more. This tradition was inherited by the fable creation in the later period of ancient Greece and Rome. After the Renaissance, the rearrangement and publication of Aesop's Fables greatly promoted the development of European fable creation, and many outstanding fable writers appeared one after another, such as La Fontaine of France, Lessing of Germany and krylov of Russia.

With the spread of western learning, Aesop's Fables was introduced to China in the Ming Dynasty. Matteo Ricci, the first western missionary to China, wrote Ten Freaks while living in China, in which Aesop was introduced and Aesop's fables were quoted. Diego de Pantoja, a missionary after him, also introduced and quoted Aesop's fables in Seven Grams. The first translation of Aesop's Fables in China was published by Kuang Yi in Xi 'an on 1625. After the Qing Dynasty, many versions of Aesop's fables appeared. The above situation shows that Aesop's fables have been circulating in China for a long time and are still loved and fondled by people. This is a book worth reading.

Aesop's fables are mostly animal stories, taking animals as metaphors to teach people the truth of life and being a man. Aesop's fables are short and pithy, with appropriate metaphors and vivid images, which have great influence on later generations.

Aesop's fables * * * collected three or four hundred short stories, which are different from lyric poems and mainly reflect the thoughts and feelings of aristocratic slave owners. These short stories are mainly a summary of the struggle experience and life lessons of the bullied lower class civilians and slaves. Fables show the social relations at that time by describing the relations between animals, mainly the unequal relations between the oppressors and the oppressed. Fable writers condemned the oppression of people by society at that time and called on the bullied people to unite to fight against the wicked. For example, the story of the farmer and the snake advises people not to be kind to their enemies. Dog, rooster and fox tells people to be good at using wisdom to defeat the enemy; In The Lion and the Deer, The Bird Catcher and the Suzaku, Two Pots and other stories, the author reveals that it is impossible for the poor to live safely when the political power is in the hands of greedy and cruel rulers.

Aesop's fable catalogue

volume one

Fox, Grape, Wolf and Crane The little boy and scorpion fell into the well. Fox and goat, widow and hen. West Western jackdaw is standing on the roof. The little goat and the wolf mountain shook good and evil. The old hunting dog, the ant, the chafer, the rooster, the Baoyu deer and his father have two pockets. Shan Ying broke up with the fox groom, the farmer and the snake. The fisherman who plays the flute and the god of the forest, flies and honey, two cockfights, mice and frogs, dogs with meat in their mouths, bulls and axle wolves and lambs, bears and foxes, voles and domestic mice and dogs, roosters and foxes who repay their kindness, lions and mice, seagulls and kites sellers, cows and frogs, trees and thorns, turtles and eagles and mules, turtles and rabbits and cats and chickens lying down as shepherds, sick deer, old women and bottles, the moon and the moon.

Volume II

Thirsty crows, small crabs and female crabs, camels and Zeus, one-eyed deer, friends and bears, deer in barns, charcoal burners and drifters, lions, donkeys and foxes, donkeys and puppies, wind and sun trees and axes, rabbits and hounds fall in love with lions and farmers, tuna and dolphins, wolves and sheep, blind people and small beasts, stomachs and feet, Hercules and drivers, foxes with broken tails, lanterns, rabbits and dogs.

Wolf and old woman, master and his dog, monkey and dolphin, injured wolf and sheep, farmer and quarrelling son, old woman and shepherd and lion of the same company, dog bitten person, horse and deer, bird catcher and dog with bell, pedestrian and buttonwood shepherd, and lost cattle, poisonous snakes and documents, reeds and oak trees.

Volume III

Zeus and gods, woodcutter and Hermes geese and cranes, bees and Zeus, lions and donkeys cooperate to hunt goats and shepherds, milkmaids, cows and butchers.

The child who stole married his mother, cat and mouse. In the manger where the bull was shot, the mosquito met the dog and the mouse. Lions, bears and foxes.

Foxes and hedgehogs laid golden eggs, geese, lions and dolphins trumpeters, nightingales and kites, dogs visited by nightingales and swallows, and frogs begged the king for white pine and thorns.

Larks and birds hit the water, fishermen, thieves and watchdogs, donkeys and farmers, old people and death, doctors and patients, birds, beasts and bats.

Cats and sick chickens, wolves and goats, camels and Arabs, wolves and shepherds, pedestrians and axes, donkeys, foxes and lions, Athens is heavily in debt.

Lions and wild donkeys, donkeys and donkeys, mice and weasels, deer and vines.

Volume iv

Fences and vineyards foxes and masks father and daughter horses and donkeys old lions and foxes goats and donkeys eagles and crows thirsty pigeons heifers and bulls bald warriors foxes and crane turtledoves and people shepherds and wild goats victims and Poseidon donkeys piglets and sheep hounds and hares children and chestnuts young goats and blowing. Xiao Wolf Frog Croak Ant and Pigeon Donkey Aesop Little Boy Farmer and Dog Lion and Farmer Horse and Donkey Blacksmith and Puppy Ugly Woman and Aphrodite Wolf and Lion Fisherman and Big Fish Child and Frog Rooster and Pheasant Donkey Rooster and Lion Donkey Lion and his three advisers are carrying salt-black fishermen and tuna fox and leopard monkey and fisherman eagle in rivers and seas and dung beetles white-haired man and his lover, female goat and vine sick kites.

The fifth volume

Children and ramie fishermen catch stones, three craftsmen, donkeys and his shadow, hungry dogs, lions and bulls, kingfishers, shepherds and petrels and pythons, mistresses, misers, hyenas and foxes, boasting about athletes, wolves and old lions. Hermes, bloated fox, sculptor and astronomer. The miller and his son argued with the donkey about God. Deer and lions in caves, dolphins, whales, deer and lions by Baiyang Spring.

Foxes and Crocodiles Foxes and Dogs Timid soldiers and crow husbands and eccentric wives farmer and snake fox who killed his son and monkey fox and lion fox who were kings in cages arguing with lions and monkeys about their families, farmers and donkeys who couldn't get what they wanted, murderers, farmers and fate, cunning people, farmers and foxes, farmers and tree victims who found the golden lion.

Volume VI

Farmer and Wolf Liar Frog Neighbor and Zeus Man and Fox Three Bulls and Lions Woman and Alcoholic Husband Witch Timid Hunter and Woodcutter Canary and Bat Weasel and Cupid Weasel and Document Speaker Diogenes and Bald Man Travel in Diogenes Farmer and Eagle Oak and Zeus Woodcutter and Oak Hermes and Hermes, the God of the Earth and Hermes, the craftsman's carriage and Arabian eunuch and priest Zeus and fox Zeus and men Zeus and Apo. Luo Zeus and Snake Zeus and Good Zeus and Tortoise Zeus as judges Hercules and Athena Hercules and God of Wealth hero Zeus and monkey philosopher, ant and Hermes statue and carpenter Peacock and the tree under the protection of Queen Hera, two enemies Zeus and angry snake, poisonous snake and fox poisonous snake and water snake, kite and snake, snake with tail and body, weasel and mouse.

Volume 7

Snakes, crabs, snakes and eagles, quacks, kites and cobras, wild pigeons and domestic pigeons, storks and turtledoves, hens and swallows, old horses, cows, dogs and people, horses and soldiers, trees and reeds, walnuts, camels defecating in the river, roses and cockscomb camels, elephants and monkeys, dancing camels, crabs and camels, foxes and lions, foxes and thorns.

Cicadas and foxes and ants Pipa players foraging birds thieves and cocks frogs cats and cocks ponds peacocks and cranes peacocks and western Western jackdaw.

Lions, mice and foxes, lions and eagle lions, lions and rabbit lions, Prometheus and elephant lions and wild boar lions and deer lions, foxes and deer.

Volume VIII

Lions and Frogs Lions and Wolves and Foxes Mosquitoes and Lions Growers Vegetable Growers and Dogs Two Dogs, Wolves and Dogs, Puppies and Frogs Shepherds and Dogs, Pigs and Dogs, Hyenas and Dogs, Pigs and Dogs, Domestic Dogs and Wolves, Hunting Dogs and Fox Butchers, Hunting Dogs and Crows and Dogs, Snail Dogs and Conch Rabbits and Foxes and Fox Wild Boars and Foxes and Foxes, Wolves, Foxes and Apes, Lions and Shepherds Donkeys in Lion's Skin.

Donkeys and horses and donkeys flies and mules pull carts naughty donkeys buyers wild donkeys and domestic donkeys wolves and donkeys crows and wolves donkeys beg Zeus sick donkeys and wolves wild donkeys and domestic donkeys arrogant wolves deer, wolves and sheep shepherds and little wolves.

Volume 9

Shepherd and wolf shepherd and wolf cub wild donkey and wolf lamb and wolf doctor fight wolf, sheep and ram, soothsayers, bees and shepherds, beekeepers, monks, young people and butchers, young prodigals and swallows, meat-eating children, children and crows, children and painted lions, fleas and athletes, mules and robbers, two soldiers and robbers, cobblers, and become brothers and sisters of doctors. Crows and sheep talk big about swallows and crows, pigeons and crows, crows and foxes, crows and Hermes grasshoppers and owls, wasps and snakes, pedestrians and crows and bats, thorns and waterfowl bats and weasels, western Western jackdaw and crows, olive trees and fig trees, robbers and mulberry larks in winter and spring bury their fathers, sparrows and hares, parrots and cats, swallows and birds, swans.

Volume 10

Swan and its owner, crested finch ape and two people, monkey and camel, monkey and monkey, wolf and dog, donkey and dog and wolf sleep, dog and wolf, shepherd and dog, western Western jackdaw and fox, western Western jackdaw and pigeon escape, western Western jackdaw, whole wolf and sheep, shepherd and sheep, bull and wild goat. Bulls, lions and hunters, rats and bulls, bulls and calves, pedestrians and real pedestrians and lucky goddesses in Hermes, Prometheus and eagles, cats and wild boars, crows and snakes, wars and cruel rivers and leather walls and nails, earthworms and pythons, thieves and hotel owners, sharpshooters and lions, ship owners and boatmen, horse and pony hunters and riders, wild boars, horses and hunters, wasps, partridges and farmers, pedestrians and floats.

Rich and mourning women, donkeys and frogs, patients and doctors.