Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronzes. What is their historical significance?

1. What do bronzes and Oracle Bone Inscriptions symbolize? The Shang Dynasty left many legacies to future generations, such as calendars, pottery, agricultural technology and Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The most important thing is bronzes.

Bronzes in Shang dynasty were widely used, with a wide variety, mature production technology and exquisite utensils. These are the main features of Shang bronzes.

The bronze smelting technology of Shang dynasty has reached a quite skilled level. At that time, the characteristics and properties of bronze alloys had been mastered, and objects with different uses had different alloy proportions.

According to the chemical analysis, the alloy proportion of Simuwu Dafang Ding unearthed in Yin Ruins is: copper 84.77%, tin 1 1.64%, and lead 2.79%. This is the accumulation of long-term experience and an extraordinary creation.

Casting bronzes requires a series of technological procedures. In addition to mining and smelting, there are processes such as molding, molding, casting and trimming, and the division of labor is very fine. Thousands of large and small pottery patterns have been found in the ruins of Yin Ruins and Zhengzhou Mall, and the casting process is quite complicated.

There are many kinds of bronzes in Shang Dynasty. Common ritual vessels, wine vessels and utensils such as Ding, Wei, Gui, Yi, Yi, Zun, Bu, Yi, Jue, Jiao, Pan, Yu, etc. There are also musical instruments such as bronze bells and cymbals.

The decorations on the utensils are gorgeous and powerful, including gluttonous patterns, Kui Wen patterns, cicada patterns, Yun Leiwen patterns and Panlong patterns. , as well as a variety of special ornamentation indicating the purpose of the vessel. The shapes of some objects are completely similar to those of animals, such as elephant statues, rhinoceros statues, dragon and tiger statues, and four sheep statues, which are vivid and lifelike. Among them, large vessels, such as yangsi, are lifelike.

Bronze tools include axes, spears, knives, saws, chisels, drills and shovels. Compared with other utensils, the quantity is small. A large number of weapons such as Ge, spear, weapon, cymbal, knife and arrow were unearthed.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the earliest and most complete ancient script discovered by China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions mainly refers to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins, also known as "Yin Ruins Characters" and "Yin Qi", which are carved on the bones of tortoise shells and beasts in Shang Dynasty. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, it was discovered in the ruins of the capital of the Yin Dynasty (now Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan). Oracle Bone Inscriptions inherited Wen Tao's word-making method, which was in the late Shang Dynasty (before) in China.

During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a man named Wang, who was the highest institution of learning in imperial academy at that time (equivalent to the president). Once he saw a Chinese medicine called keel, and he felt very strange when he saw the words engraved on it. He looked through the dregs, but he didn't expect there to be a seemingly literal pattern on it. So he bought all the keels and found that there were similar patterns on each keel. He drew these strange patterns. After a long period of research, he was convinced that it was a kind of writing, and it was relatively perfect, and it should have come from the Shang Dynasty. Later, people discovered the place where the keel was unearthed-Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province, where a large number of keels were unearthed. Because these keels are mainly Oracle Bone Inscriptions of turtles and beasts, they are named "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". These Oracle Bone Inscriptions are basically the divination records of Shang rulers. The subject of studying it is called "Oracle bones".

Oracle Bone Inscriptions's contributions covered astronomy, calendar, meteorology, geography, country, lineage, family, figures, officials, conquest, prisons, agriculture, animal husbandry, hunting, transportation, religion, sacrifice, diseases, fertility, humanities and disasters. They are extremely precious first-hand materials for studying the social history, culture and language of ancient China, especially the Shang Dynasty.

2. What do bronzes and Oracle Bone Inscriptions symbolize? The Shang Dynasty left many legacies to future generations, such as calendars, pottery, agricultural technology, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and so on. The most important thing is bronzes. Bronzes in Shang dynasty were widely used, with mature production technology and exquisite utensils. These are the main features of Shang bronzes. The bronze smelting technology of Shang dynasty has reached a quite skilled level. At that time, the characteristics and properties of bronze alloys were mastered. Artifacts with different uses have different alloy proportions. According to the chemical analysis, the alloy proportion of Simuwu Dafang Ding unearthed in Yin Ruins is: copper 84.77%, tin 1 1.64%, and lead 2.79%. This is the accumulation of long-term experience and an extraordinary creation. Casting bronzes requires a series of technological procedures. In addition to mining and smelting, the division of labor is very fine. Thousands of large-scale ceramic models were found in the ruins of Yin Ruins and Zhengzhou Mall. These ceramic models were cast in several parts and then integrated into a whole. The casting process is quite complicated. There were many kinds of bronzes in Shang Dynasty. The commonly used ritual vessels, wine vessels and utensils are Ding, Wei, Gui, Yi, Yi, Zun and Bu. The shapes are all exquisite. The decorations on the utensils are gorgeous and rich, including gluttonous patterns, Kui Wen patterns, cicada patterns, Yun Leiwen patterns and dragon patterns, as well as various special decorations indicating the purpose of the utensils. The shapes of some objects are completely similar to those of animals, such as elephant statues, rhinoceros statues, dragon and tiger statues, and four sheep statues, which are vivid and lifelike. Length110cm, width 78cm. Bronze tools include axes, spears, knives, saws, chisels, drills and shovels. Compared with other utensils, the quantity is small. A large number of weapons such as ge, spear, weapon, cymbal, knife and arrowhead were unearthed. Shang dynasty was always on the tortoise shell bone. Discovered at the end of 19, the ruins of the capital of Yin Dynasty (now Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan). Oracle Bone Inscriptions inherited Wen Tao's word-making method, which was carved (or written) on tortoise shells by the royal family for divination in the late Shang Dynasty (14 ~1century) in China. At that time, imperial academy, the highest institution of higher learning, offered wine (equivalent to the principal). Once he saw a Chinese medicine called keel, and he felt very strange when he saw the words engraved on it. He looked through the dregs, but he didn't expect there was a seemingly written pattern on it. So he bought all the keels and found that there were similar patterns on each keel. He drew these strange patterns, and after a long period of research, he was convinced that it was a kind of writing and it was perfect. It should be from the Yin and Shang Dynasties. Later, people discovered the place where the keel was unearthed-Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province, where a large number of keels were unearthed, because these keels were mainly Oracle Bone Inscriptions of turtles and mammals. People named them "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". These Oracle Bone Inscriptions are basically the divination records of Shang rulers. The subject that studies them is called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". What Oracle Bone Inscriptions provided involved astronomy, calendar, meteorology, geography, country, lineage, family, people, officials, conquest, prisons, agriculture, animal husbandry, hunting, transportation, religion, sacrifice and hunting.

Third, what is the significance of Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery? 1. is of great significance for perfecting the cultural history of China and studying the formation and evolution of Chinese characters.

This is the best evidence of China's commercial and cultural history. The discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty shows the existence of Shang Dynasty in concrete form. Before the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, westerners only recognized the Zhou Dynasty as the earliest dynasty in China, and all previous historical rights were regarded as myths.

3. The information in Oracle Bone Inscriptions provided the most primitive and authentic current affairs and life of Shang Dynasty for later generations.

4. The appearance of characters is one of the important symbols of the birth of civilization (the other two symbols are cities and countries). The history of a nation can only be called the history of civilization after the appearance of words, which was previously called prehistoric society. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the oldest writing in China, and its discovery greatly advanced the beginning of the history of China civilization.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions plays an extremely important role in the long development history of Chinese characters, and is a well-deserved originator of modern Chinese characters. The germination of Chinese characters appeared in the carved symbols on pottery in the late Neolithic period.

Extended data:

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a valuable resource for studying ancient Chinese characters. China's writing sprouted earlier. In the Neolithic pottery of Yangshao culture, various carving symbols were found, which became the embryonic form of China characters. After two or three thousand years of gestation and development, China's writing reached a basic mature stage in Shang Dynasty.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions has a certain system, strict laws, exquisite descriptions and rich contents, which plays an important role in the study of ancient Chinese characters in China. In the past, the study of ancient Chinese characters was mainly based on inscriptions on Shang and Zhou bronzes, such as Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is 1500 years earlier than Shuo Wen Jie Zi, and it comes from the unearthed cultural relics directly excavated, so it has high credibility, which is of great value for studying the origin and development of Chinese characters, correcting the mistakes in Shuo Wen Jie Zi and solving the outstanding problems in bronze inscriptions.