Kun gua and its significance

Kuntu is the second of the sixty-four hexagrams in the Book of Changes.

Kun is the land (Kun Gua), soft and continuous.

Shangshanggua

The elephant said: fat sheep lose their flock and enter the mountain. Hungry tigers open their mouths as soon as they meet them. They are delicious and full of joy. If you take it, it will be prosperous.

This six-pointed star overlaps with the six-pointed star (Xia Kun Shang Kun) and is negative. Symbolically (as opposed to divination), obey God's will. Carrying everything, endless. Kungua, symbolized by the female horse, shows that she bears and nurtures everything in a true way and is docile by nature. "Get lost first" proves that "Kun" obeys "Xing", and only by following "Xing" can we grasp the right direction, take the right road and reap good luck.

Dry for the sky, Kun for the ground, dry for the yang, Kun for the yin. The Book of Changes puts "Gan" and "Kun" at the head of the sixty-four hexagrams, which really means that Yin and Yang alternate between heaven and earth. However, if we look at the meaning of "Kun" and the evolution relationship between "Kun" and "Kun", we will also find that it is inappropriate to simply understand "Kun" as just a kind of yin divination. Kungua, like Gangua, is also a part of Zhouyi General Theory, which also contains the meaning of Zhouyi. From the study of Kungua, the following problems will be revealed: First, Kungua, like Gangua, reflects the whole process of development and evolution of a thing from the beginning to the end. For example, the hexagram "Kun Six Days" is about the hardships of the beginning of a thing, just like the hexagram "Gan Nine Days", it is the beginning of a thing. From June 2 to June 5, Kun's divination experienced its heyday; From September 2 to September 5, Gan's divination experienced the heyday of the flying dragon in the sky. The period from Kun Gua to Long Dou Ye is the same as that from Gan Gua to Long Repentance. The second problem revealed by Kun hexagrams is that Kun hexagrams are all yin (-) hexagrams, and other hexagrams have the yin attribute of "Lima chastity". The contents of other hexagrams are not all from the feminine side to discuss the yin attribute of Kun hexagrams, and the average Yi scholar only uses yin. For example, the slogan "June 3rd" includes Zhang Kejian; Or from the matter of the king, everything goes to the Three Treasures Hall, which has always been interpreted as "assisting the monarch to make contributions", and "being authentic", "being a wife" and "being a minister" actually means directly engaging in the royal business, just like the meaning of "or following the king's business and achieving nothing" in the Litigation Book. For another example, the "June 4th" concept of "sealing the bag without complaining" has always been interpreted as "tightening the mouth of the bag and saying nothing, so that it will not be praised, but it will also avoid disaster". This interpretation is still based on "vagina", "the way of being a minister" and "the way of being a wife". In fact, this meaning refers to the universal desire of "no regrets", just like the "ninety-four" divination in Gan, which means that "adults" in Zhouyi show their talents and ambitions. For another example, the popular "dragon fights in the wild, and its blood is mysterious and yellow" has always been interpreted as "Yin Qi is extremely rich and fights with Yang Qi in the suburbs" according to "tunnel" and "vagina". This is actually a misunderstanding. Yin and Yang are at war, how can the dragon fight the dragon? The third problem revealed by Kun Gua is that, like Gan Gua, it not only discusses the whole process of development and evolution of a thing from a philosophical point of view, but also discusses political competition when it is applied to specific problems. If Gan's divination only uses "hidden dragon" to "flying dragon" and then "kanglong" to compare the rise and fall of "gentleman" and "adult" in Zhouyi, while Kun's divination uses "or following the monarch's affairs" and "sealing the world" to annex the heart of eight famine and the emperor's "Huang Shang" costume.

We should pay special attention to these problems when studying Kungua. If we don't understand these problems, we just get some enlightenment from the divination in the Book of Changes, and then fall into chaos in the divination in Kun.

original text

Kun ①: Yuan Heng. Lizi Ma Zhizhen. A gentleman has friends, fans first, winners later, and interests. Friends in the southwest, friends in the northeast. A Zhen Ji.

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Kungua: Good luck. Jim asked the mare for a good omen. When a gentleman travels, he first gets lost and then looks for his master Geely. Southwest tourism gains property, while Northeast tourism loses property. Jim asked to settle down and got a good sign.

To annotate ...

1 Kun. This six-hexagram is superimposed on the same six-hexagram (Shang Kun, Xia Kun), and all six paintings are in shade to simulate the earth. It represents something pure and feminine, as well as related concepts of interpersonal relationship and justice. Peng and Li said to each other, "Peng and Peng Bei. At first, the money was shellfish, and shellfish was a friend of ten strings. "

original text

Xun said: "Extreme, Kun Yuan (1), born of all kinds of materials, is based on inheriting heaven (2). Kun Hou zai, virtue and boundless. Include Hongguangda ④ and Xianheng ⑤. ⑥ ⑥ ⑥ ⑥ ⑥ ⑥ ⑥ ⑥? Soft, smooth and sincere. A gentleman walks in the right direction, loses his way first, and then goes smoothly. Friends in the southwest are friends of the same kind. Losing friends in the northeast is something to celebrate. The auspiciousness of peace and tranquility should be boundless.

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Haiku says: Sublime is the pioneering work of the earth. Everything depends on it to get the foundation of life. It inherited the change of heaven. The land is thick, bearing everything, and the virtue is boundless. It's rich, vast and rich, and all kinds of things are in their places. The mare is feminine, similar to the earth, good at running on the boundless earth, gentle, docile, convenient and persistent in nature. When a gentleman goes out, he first gets lost and then finds his home smoothly. When we have friends in the southwest, we walk with like-minded friends. I lost my friends in the northeast, but I was lucky in the end. Peace and chastity are unlucky, just as the earth stretches everywhere.

To annotate ...

(1) to, Zhu Yue: "To, extremely also." Kun, the earth. Yuan, beginning, founding. 20%, "Shuo Wen" "Cheng, Feng also." In order to inherit heaven, it is said that the earth changes with the change of heaven. (3) Virtue, a philosophical concept commonly used in the Book of Changes, is used to express the morphological essence of things. Joint loan Dialect: "Hey. Also. " 4, tolerance, inclusion. Hiro, profound. Light is widely borrowed. ⑤ Products and categories. Taste and talk about all kinds of things. Salty, both. Heng, Tongtai. This means steady growth. 6 mare, mare, female things, similar to the earth. All landowners soft, soft. Shun, docile. Li, it's convenient. Chastity, chastity, persistence. These four words are about the nature of mares. The interpretation of "Li Zhen" is different from that of Jing Yi. 6. You, Suo. Pet-name ruby often, always way, the right way. Attending "Nuo Ci" interprets "friend" with the word "class" and takes the meaning of "friend of the same kind", which is not in line with the meaning. If there is any difference between the conveyed meaning and the expected meaning, the translation is obviously different and no other comments are given.

original text

"Xiang" said: the terrain is Kun ①. A gentleman carries things with virtue.

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Xiang Ci said: The situation of the earth is flat and smooth, and it follows the heaven. The gentleman views this divinatory symbol, takes the law from the ground, and takes great responsibility with the deepest virtue.

To annotate ...

(1) Kun, "Shi Ming? Dish: "Kun, Shun Ye, Shang Shun Ye. "

original text

Day 6: Frost, hard ice.

"Xiang" says: frost is hard and ice is hard, and yin begins to coagulate. Training leads to its way (2), which is hard to ice.

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Day 6: stepping on the thin frost, it can be inferred that the thick ice is about to freeze.

"Xiang Ci" said: trampling on thin frost can infer that thick ice is about to freeze. This shows that cold air has begun to condense, and with the advancement of natural laws, thick ice is about to freeze.

Note 1 Mr. Sha Shaohai said: "Frost is hard and ice is hard." Wei Zhi? "Wendy Ji Xu Zhi" quoted it as "first frost on the sixth day", as did Zhu, Xiang Anshi and Huidong. "Xiang" conveys the word "frost" with "Yin begins to coagulate" instead of "hard ice". If the' ice is hard', it means that the Yin qi has been greatly condensed, and the cloud' Yin qi begins to condense' is not allowed. "Shoes, step on. (2) Tame, quoted from Ji Jie's Nine Plus One: "Tame or obey? "Come on, move forward. The way to practice is to follow the laws of nature and develop and advance.

original text

62: straight, square and big; There is no harm in not learning.

The Elephant said: The June 2nd Movement was directed by Israel. There is no harm in not learning, and so is the tunnel light.

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Straight, square and wide are the characteristics of the earth. Even if you go to a strange place, there is no harm.

Xiang Ci said: The image on June 22nd is straight and square. Even if you go to a strange place, there is no harm, because the tunnel is boundless.

To annotate ...

Just get used to it. Light is widely borrowed.

original text

Sixty-three: including the first chapter, it can be faithful. It's still about the king. There's nothing to end with.

"Xiang" said: Zhang Kezhen was published at that time. Or from the king's business, knowing the light is also 5.

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63: Defeat Yin Shang. Satisfied divination. Some people served in the war and didn't get a record, but the ending was good.

Xiang Ci said: We can seize the opportunity to take action by defeating Yin Shang and being satisfied with divination. Someone served in the war (without success, with a good ending) because he was smart.

To annotate ...

(1) contains, saying: "contains should be pronounced as *, and * is the same as Qi, which is also a victory. Chapter, when read as a business, Yin Shang also. " 2 Yes, I am satisfied. A faithful and satisfying prophecy. 3. Li said: "It refers to war. Wang Xunda, what is important to Wang is important. In ancient countries, wars and sacrifices were important events. When we say great things here, we mean war. " Finally, the ancients talked about the ending, and mostly referred to the good ending. 5 knowing, reading is wisdom. Everbright, vast.

original text

June 4th: Including capsule ①, no complaints, no reputation.

"Xiang" said: There is no blame in the package, and it is harmless.

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June 4th: Tight pockets, such as silence, no criticism, no praise.

"Xiang Ci" said: Tightening your pockets, such as keeping your mouth shut, means being cautious and harmless.

To annotate ...

(1) surround, tie up, tie up. Sacks, sacks.

original text

Sixty-five: Huang Shang (1), Yuanji.

"Xiang" said: Yuanji, Wen is also in the second.

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Sixty-five: yellow culottes, good luck.

Xiang Ci said: Yellow culottes are prosperous because "Huang Shang" symbolizes people's inherent virtue.

To annotate ...

(1) Huang Shang and Wang Bi said, "Yellow is the color of China. Shang, under the decoration. " Skirts, that is, skirts and pants. People in Zhou Dynasty regarded Huang Shang as an auspicious and honorable thing. 2. "Guangya? Interpretation: "Wen, history is also. "Clothes and dresses are decorations on the body, and the words here are metaphors of human virtues.

original text

Six days: the dragon fights in the wild, and the blood is yellow.

"Elephant" said: The dragon fights in the wild, and its way is poor.

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Shangliu Dragons are fighting on the earth, and blood is everywhere.

Xiang Ci said: Dragons are fighting on the earth, which shows that people have reached the desperate situation of poverty.

To annotate ...

(1) Huang Xuan, blood flow, borrow for Huang Qiang. This means more blood flow.

original text

Use six ①: Li Yongzhen.

"Elephant" says: Use six eternal chastity ②, and end with a big one.

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Use 6: Take advantage of long-term luck.

"Xiang Ci" said: In six words, it is said that those who benefit are always true, and those who are virtuous here are broad.

To annotate ...

(1) with six, "Kun" hexagrams unique stubborn topic. The Book of Changes, a silk book in the Han Dynasty, was written as Liu Ba. Jiong Pass. Using six is even six, or six is all six. It is negative, which means that all yin will become yang. ② "Truth" means divination. The term is interpreted as benevolence, righteousness and shame. Not the same as the meaning.

classical Chinese

The original text of "Classical Chinese" said: Kun is gentle and dynamic, quiet and virtuous, and the winner is constant, embracing everything and turning it into light. Kun Dao is smooth. Inherit the sky and do what you want. If there is a good home, there must be Qing Yu; If you accumulate a bad home, you will get hurt. I kill the king, and the son kills the father. It didn't happen overnight, but its origin came gradually. It's not too early to argue. "Yi" said: "first frost is solid." Gaiyan Shun also (3). Straight is also right, and Fang Qiyi is also 4. A gentleman respects straightness, righteousness is outside the party, and virtue is not alone. "Straight, square, big, unaccustomed, no shortcomings." You don't doubt what you did. Although Yin is beautiful, she must be restrained in order to do things from Wang and dare to succeed. Authentic, wife and minister. The tunnel has no choice but to come to an end. Heaven and earth have changed, and vegetation is abundant. Heaven and earth are combined, and sages are hidden. "Yi" said: "Including it, there is no injustice and no reputation." Cover your words with sincerity. Gentleman Huang Zhongdong 7. He is in the body, and the beauty is in it, but the four branches are smooth and the career is beautiful. Yin is suspicious of yang and will fight, because it is suspicious of yang and attending, so it is called. Still not out of its category, so it is called blood. The mysterious yellow man is also a mixture of heaven and earth. Heaven is mysterious and Rehmannia glutinosa.

Note (1) After the winner, it is said that the tunnel inherits Heaven, and then it changes with the change of Heaven. Normal, normal, normal. (2) light, biochemical everything, its way is broad. ③ Smooth development in accordance with the law. (4) straight, honest, still say no evil. Party, correct, Jude deliberately not disorderly. 5 straight inside, straight, used as a verb, correct. Straight inside, still say to correct internal evil. Outside the box, the box is used as a verb and a norm. Outside the party, it is still the chaos in regulating behavior. ⑥ The tunnel has accomplished nothing, and it cannot independently complete the work of biochemical things from the sky, but can only play a consistent role in the replacement of time series. ⑦ Huang Zhong has a point. The author of Classical Chinese uses Huang Shang as a metaphor for a talented person, Gao Demao. Huang said that the heart is beautiful. Be reasonable and sensible. Today, I am still loyal to this. Stay, borrow as a gift, keep the ceremony. ⑨ Wang said, "Doubts are similar." Zhu said, "Doubt is the enemy, regardless of size." Attending Mr. Sha Shaohai said: "There is no' no' in the quotation of the solicitation plan, which should be deleted. Shuowen: "Doubt, doubt." It is suspected that training should be evenly matched and training should be planned. "

Classical Chinese says: the tunnel is extremely soft and dynamic, the tunnel is extremely quiet and its nature is square, and the tunnel moves with the sky and its movement is regular. It is all-encompassing, and its biochemical functions are vast. What a soft tunnel! Follow the heaven and run at four o'clock. Those who accumulate good deeds have endless blessings; People who accumulate evil deeds will have endless disasters. It is not a matter of time for a courtier to kill the king and a son to kill his father, so this situation is the result of gradual development. I ching said, "If you step on the thin frost, the thick ice will freeze." This is probably a gradual phenomenon. Straight is intentional integrity, and it is the morality of behavior. A gentleman corrects his ideological deviation through respect and prudence and regulates his behavior with moral principles. When the spirit of respect and morality is established, his moral quality will have a wide impact. A gentleman is "upright, upright and broad-minded." These qualities are unknown to people and there is no harm. " Because people won't doubt his behavior. Yin metaphor liegeman, although virtuous, but should be hidden, in order to serve the king, dare not pretend to be meritorious. This is an authentic principle, as well as the principle of wives and ministers. It is impossible for the tunnel to complete the work of gestating everything by itself, but it always plays a role in the alternation of time series. The traffic between heaven and earth has changed, vegetation is flourishing, heaven and earth are blocked, and sages retire. I ching said, "tightening your pockets is like closing your mouth." There is no accusation and no praise. " Probably deliberately cautious. A gentleman has a beautiful heart, is reasonable, leads an honest and clean life, and abides by etiquette. Virtue accumulated in his heart, implemented in action and expanded in his career is the most beautiful. Yin and Yang are evenly matched, and there is bound to be a struggle. Because yin is full of yang, yin and yang are collectively called dragons. In fact, yin is not separated from its genus, so it is also called blood, and blood is yin. The so-called Huang Xuan-Tian Xuan Huangdi-is a mixture of heaven and earth.

The content of all hexagrams:

Kungua consists of two parts: underground and above ground.

The hexagrams in Kun: Yuan, Heng and Li Zhizhen. A gentleman has friends. If you get it first and lose it, you will get it later, and you will get the main benefit. Friends in the southwest, friends in the northeast. Ann Zhen Ji, the first sentence is that Kun Gua also has the meaning of Yuan Dynasty, vastness and prosperity. Because Kun hexagrams are yin hexagrams, it is beneficial to obey the chastity of mares. In the second sentence, the sentence is generally punctuated as "gentlemen have friends, first fascinated and then won, benefiting from the southwest." "This is actually wrong. Because this sentence is carried out under the decoration of "gentleman", as we have mentioned many times before, the word "gentleman" does not specifically refer to people with high morality, but is synonymous with "adult", "king" and "Hou", so it is not appropriate to punctuate this sentence as "a gentleman has friends, first fascinated and then won". If the punctuation is like this, the word "latecomer" will inevitably become the meaning of a good minister getting a virtuous master or a concubine getting a virtuous master. In fact, "getting lost first, then getting it" means that "gentlemen" or "adults" are always confused at the beginning of their actions; However, because "gentlemen" and "adults" always "work all day" and constantly strive for self-improvement, there is an ending of "coming from behind", because this is the "main benefit." "Friends of the Southwest, Friends of the Northeast" is often used in Zhouyi. Specifically, it has something to do with the situation of Jizhou dynasty, that is, it has something to do with Jizhou dynasty's development and management of the southwest Hanshui Yangtze River basin, and it has something to do with the enemy Li in the northeast (now Licheng area in Shanxi Province). The last sentence "Ann Zhen Ji" means that if you can be satisfied with the right path, it is auspicious.

On the sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, it is said that the early stage of Kun Gua is not easy, that is, everything is difficult at the beginning, just like being in the land of first frost, in the cold winter.

The idea of "62" is "straightforward, unlearned and without shortcomings", which means that you can do anything smoothly as long as you are honest and disciplined in Fiona Fang and have a broad career, that is, you don't need to practice anything else. The "straight big" here refers to the temperament of "gentleman" and "big man". It can also be said to be synonymous with the next sentence "containing chapter".

"June 3" essay "contains chapters, which can be faithful; Or from the king, nothing will end. The first half of the sentence means that as long as these "gentlemen" and "adults" have certain cultural knowledge, certain moral cultivation and commendable appearance, they can establish a good image among people, be handsome and obedient. The second half of the sentence means that if you want to engage in the business of emperors when the conditions are not yet mature, it will definitely be useless, but it will have a good ending in the end. This kind of thought has a concept of time and space, which is similar to the usage of "seeing dragons in the fields", "a gentleman works all day" and "doing things from the king, achieving nothing" in Gan Gua in this period.

The "June 4th" speech is "all inclusive, let bygones be bygones and be ruined", that is to say, the "adults" and "gentlemen" who strive for hegemony in the world should have "the heart of embracing the four seas and annexing the eight barren areas". At this time, feathers are already very rich, and no one can do anything about it. The measures taken at this time will not get any praise, but they will not do any harm. This is similar to the meaning and usage of "or jump into the deep without blame" in "94" in "Dry Hanging". When understanding this idea, we must not forget the concept of time and space, that is, we must not forget the aforementioned concept of time and space of June 3rd. Another problem is that Gangua describes the changes of things with the changes of dragons in different time and space, while Kungua replaces these changes with the direct changes of "gentlemen", "adults" or "following the king" and "containing capsules". This change makes people ignore the evolution of Kun hexagrams in time and space, and also ignore the rhetoric of these hexagrams.

The phrase "Huang Shang, Yuanji" in the Sixth Five-Year Plan means that at this time, the country has been in power and has reached an extremely prosperous period. This time should be a prosperous time. This is similar to the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" in Gan.

"The dragon fights in the wild, and the blood is mysterious and yellow", which is a remark of "still flowing" and may point to the life-and-death struggle between Jizhou Dynasty and Yin Shang Dynasty. But while we understand this, we should not forget that "Kang Long has regrets" in the dry hanging, which means that things are in danger of extinction when they reach the limit. This refers to the regret of Yin merchants. Also refers to the remorse of Ji Zhou Dynasty. This is what Xiao Guo said, "Birds are fierce", "Birds are defensive, they are passive", and what Ji Ji and Vicky said, "foxes help the poor".

The expressions "using six" and "using chastity" are half sentences, which have the meaning of connecting the preceding with the following, that is, in this extraordinary period of "enter the dragon", only by adhering to chastity can evil be turned into good. This kind of thought also has the meanings of "using nine" and "seeing a group of dragons without a leader is auspicious". The author is happy to see the alternation of the old and the new and the changes of the times, but he particularly emphasizes the word "chastity" here.