The custom of the Spring Festival is centered on offering sacrifices, with the purpose of wishing and praying for a new year, and is carried out in the form of eliminating the old, offering sacrifices to ancestors, exorcising evil spirits and praying for a good year. The content is rich and colorful, vivid and festive, and the annual flavor is rich, which embodies the essence of traditional culture of Chinese civilization. During the Spring Festival, various New Year celebrations will be held all over the country. Due to different regional cultures, the content or details of customs are also different. 1. Before the end of the year: 23/24: 1 end of the year, busy year. The 23rd or 24th day of the end of the year is called "off-year" among the people, and people have been busy since childhood. Off-year doesn't mean a certain day. Due to local customs, the days called off-year are different. During the off-year period, the main folk activities include sweeping dust and offering sacrifices to stoves. Before the Qing Dynasty, the traditional festival of offering sacrifices to stoves in the off-year was the 24th of the twelfth lunar month. Since the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the emperor's family held a ceremony to worship heaven on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. In order to "save money", they also worship the kitchen god, so the folks in the northern region have followed suit, mostly on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month. In most parts of the south, the old tradition of celebrating the Lunar New Year on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month is still maintained. 2. Clean the dust. Years ago, the busy work was mainly to get rid of the old cloth, and sweeping dust was one of the customs of getting rid of the old cloth. The folk proverb says, "On the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, dust and sweep the house". Sweeping dust means year-end cleaning, which is called "house sweeping" in the north and "house sweeping" in the south. Whenever the Spring Festival comes, every household should clean the environment, clean all kinds of electrical appliances, remove and wash bedding curtains, sweep six yards, dust cobwebs and dredge culverts in open channels. Everywhere is filled with the joyful atmosphere of cleaning and welcoming the Spring Festival cleanly. According to the folk saying: Because "dust" and "Chen" are homophonic, sweeping dust in the Spring Festival means "getting rid of the old and replacing the new". The purpose of sweeping dust is to sweep away all "bad luck" and "bad luck" in order to pray for the coming year; This custom places people's prayers and wishes to ward off evil spirits, avoid disasters, bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. 3. Sacrifice the stove. On the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month, the kitchen stove should be cleaned after dark, and the old kitchen stove should be taken down and burned. On the morning of New Year's Eve, new pictures are posted, as well as wine, meat, candy, sugar cane, rice fruit and so on. Placed, incense burned, candles lit, paper cannons set off. 25: 1 End, make tofu. The folk proverb says, "On the 25th of the twelfth lunar month, grinding bean curd." In some places, there is also the custom of eating tofu residue before New Year's Eve. In some areas, it is said that after the kitchen god died, the jade emperor would go to the lower bound to see if each family was acting like the kitchen god, so each family ate tofu dregs to show their hardship and avoid the punishment of the jade emperor. 2. Pick up the Jade Emperor. According to folklore, after the kitchen god went to heaven, the Jade Emperor personally descended to earth on the 25th of the twelfth lunar month to investigate the good and evil on earth and decide the fortune for the coming year. Therefore, every household gives its blessing, which is called "receiving the Jade Emperor". On this day, we should be careful in our daily life and words, strive for good performance, win the favor of the Jade Emperor and bring good luck for the coming year. 3, according to Tian silkworm. Zhao Tiancan, also known as "burning silkworm" and "burning field wealth", is a popular folk custom in Jiangnan area to pray for the New Year. On the 25th day of the twelfth lunar month, a long pole tied with a torch will stand in the field, indicating the new year with the flame, and the thriving flame indicates the bumper harvest in the coming year. This activity is held in some places on New Year's Eve. 4. Catch up with the chaos. It was not until New Year's Eve that Kitchen God was sent to welcome him back. During this period, there is no God's jurisdiction on the earth, and at all times, many people get married, which is called "expelling chaos". Luannian is a special period designed by people to adjust their social life. At the end of the year, people have leisure and savings. For those who have little energy to do great things, this is a good opportunity for recreation. Year-end 26th: As for the 26th of the twelfth lunar month, there is also a folk saying that "the 26th of the twelfth lunar month cuts the annual meat": "The 26th of the twelfth lunar month cuts the pig's meat" or "the 26th of the twelfth lunar month cuts the head", indicating that this day is mainly for preparing meat for the Chinese New Year. Therefore, it is called "meat of the year". In some local villages, this day is a big market day, and people in villages around the market will go to the market to buy new year's goods. Smoke, wine, fish, meat and firecrackers are as indispensable as gifts for visiting relatives and friends, and the flavor of the year is gradually getting stronger. In the past, the lives of ordinary people were relatively poor and there were many families. So they often eat the last meal without the next meal, and the conditions are slightly better. They can just eat some corn and wild vegetables, and finally look forward to the New Year. The laborers at home began to kill pigs one after another. People who don't raise pigs go to the market to cut a piece of meat and go home. Therefore, the braised pork on the 26th of the twelfth lunar month is also called "killing pigs and cutting pigs". In traditional folk customs, people should concentrate on bathing and washing clothes in these two days to get rid of the bad luck of the year and prepare for the Spring Festival next year. As the saying goes, taking a bath on the 26th of the twelfth lunar month means "washing blessings" and "washing sins and diseases". Twenty-eight at the end of the year: There is an old saying in some places in the north: "Twenty-eight in the twelfth lunar month, make cakes, steam steamed buns and apply decals" or "Twenty-eight, make noodles". The so-called decals are new year pictures, Spring Festival couplets, window grilles and all kinds of things posted during the Spring Festival. There is a saying in Guangdong that "twenty-eight-year-old is sloppy", which means that on December 28th of the lunar calendar, the whole family should stay at home and clean up and post New Year greetings. New Year's Eve: The last day of New Year's Eve is called New Year's Eve, and that night is called New Year's Eve. It is connected with the beginning and end of the new year, and is called "the end of the year to the poor month". This is New Year's Eve, and it is also an important time node to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. "New Year's Eve" refers to the eve of New Year, also known as New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve and so on. This is the last night of the year. During this period, the theme of the activity is to get rid of the old cloth and update the new cloth. Since ancient times, there have been customs such as posting New Year's greetings, offering sacrifices to ancestors, having a family reunion dinner, and observing the old age, which have a long history. New Year's Eve is a time to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, to reunite the whole family and to worship the ancestors. Together with Tomb-Sweeping Day, July 30th and Double Ninth Festival, it is called the four traditional ancestor worship festivals in China. On New Year's Eve, people pay special attention to taking off old cloth to welcome the New Year. Every household is busy cleaning the courtyard, decorating and welcoming their ancestors home for the New Year. The sacrifices are rice cakes, three sacrificial meals and three teas and five wines. New Year's Eve has a special meaning in the hearts of China people. On the most important day at the end of this year, no matter how far away, the wanderers have to rush home to reunite with their families, say goodbye to the old year with firecrackers and set off fireworks everywhere to welcome the new year. 1. Worship God and ancestors. Sacrificing ancestors on New Year's Eve is one of the important customs of China New Year. The Chinese nation has a tradition of being cautious and independent and pursuing the future since ancient times. It will never forget to worship its ancestors and repay their kindness. On New Year's Eve, people will put on dishes, pour wine and hold a grand sacrifice ceremony to express their memory of their ancestors and pray for their blessing. This traditional custom has been handed down from generation to generation. Ancestor worship not only covers all the ancient traditional festivals in China, but also is the eternal theme of folk festivals in China. 2, paste the year red. Sticking New Year's Red is the general term for sticking Spring Festival couplets, door gods, New Year pictures, blessings, horizontal criticism and window grilles. Because these are all red festive elements pasted during the New Year, they are collectively called "Sticking New Year Red". Sticking New Year Red is a traditional New Year custom in China, which reflects people's customs and beliefs, adds festive atmosphere and places people's good expectations for the new year and new life. (1) gatekeeper: At first, the gatekeeper carved the peach into a human shape and hung it next to people. Later, it was painted as a gatekeeper and posted on the door. The legendary brothers Shen Tu and Lei Yu specialize in ghosts. They guard the portal, and evil spirits dare not enter the portal to harm. After the Tang Dynasty, two brave soldiers, Qin Qiong and Wei Chijingde, were painted as gatekeepers, while Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were painted as gatekeepers. Every household has a keeper. Later generations often regard painting a pair of door gods as a skill. (2) Spring Festival couplets: that is, couplets, also known as "door pairs", "couplets" and "peach symbols". One said that Spring Festival couplets originated from peach symbols; Another source is Spring Festival stickers. The ancients posted the word "Yichun" every day when they were in beginning of spring, and later they gradually developed into Spring Festival couplets. Every Spring Festival, no matter in urban or rural areas, every household should choose a pair of red Spring Festival couplets and stick them on the door to add festive atmosphere to the festival. (3) New Year pictures: Hanging New Year pictures during the Spring Festival is also very common in urban and rural areas. Thick black and colorful New Year pictures add a lot of prosperous and joyful festive atmosphere to thousands of families. These all have folk functions of praying and decorating the residence. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China. (4) Window grilles: During the Spring Festival, people in many areas like to stick various paper cuts on their windows: window grilles. Window grilles can not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also bring people beautiful enjoyment, integrating decoration, appreciation and practicality. (5) Hanging money: Hanging money has a long history. Because there is the word "money" in the name, hanging them under the eaves of the door indicates that the new year's financial resources are rolling. (6) Invert the word "Fu": Every Spring Festival, in some places, every household should stick the word "Fu" on the door, wall and lintel. It is a long-standing folk custom to post the word "Fu" upside down during the Spring Festival and take its homonym "Fu is here". (7) Horizontal approval: Horizontal approval refers to banners with couplets, which are generally only used for a few necessary couplets. The so-called "horizontal" refers to the writing method of horizontal writing; "Approval" means revealing and commenting, which means supplementing, summarizing and perfecting the theme of the All-China Federation. 3. New Year's Eve. New Year's Eve is one of the customs of New Year's Day, also known as New Year's Eve, reunion dinner, reunion dinner and so on. Especially the New Year's Eve dinner. The New Year's Eve dinner originated from the ancient sacrificial ceremony at the end of the year, and it is a reunion dinner after offering sacrifices to the gods and ancestors. Reunion dinner is the highlight of the year ago, which is not only colorful, but also very meaningful. Worship the gods and ancestors before the reunion dinner, and eat after the worship ceremony. Generally, there are chicken (representing a plan), fish (more than enough every year), oyster sauce (good for the market), Nostoc flagelliforme (rich), yuba (rich), lotus root (smart), lettuce (rich) and raw garlic (calculated). China people's New Year's Eve dinner is a family reunion dinner, which is the most abundant and important dinner in a year. 4. lucky money. Lucky money (called "giving money" in Guangdong) is one of the customs of the Spring Festival. Lucky money is distributed by the elders to the younger generation. After the New Year's Eve, the elders should distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money can kill evil spirits, and the younger generation can spend a year safely with lucky money. In some families, parents will put their children under pillows after they fall asleep at night. Giving lucky money in the New Year reflects the care and sincere blessing of the elders to the younger generation. Lucky money has the meaning of exorcising evil spirits and keeping peace in folk culture. The original intention of lucky money is to suppress evil and drive away evil, because people think that children are easy to sneak around, so they use lucky money to suppress evil. 5. keep the age. Keeping the old age, also known as abolishing the old age, keeping the old age fire and keeping the old age fire, has a long history and is one of the folk activities in China. On New Year's Eve, the main features of folk activities are lighting and keeping fire. Every room should be brightly lit all night, and the whole family will be reunited to welcome the arrival of the New Year. On New Year's Eve, burning lamps and candles all night is called "waste". It is said that after this pass, the family's wealth will be enriched in the coming year. In ancient times, the north and the south had different customs. In some places, the custom of keeping old is mainly to stay up all night, that is, to keep vigil all night; For example, Zhou Chu of the Jin Dynasty wrote "Local Records" and said: On New Year's Eve, everyone gives gifts in stages, which is called "giving the old"; Young and old get together and wish a complete song called "age division"; Sleeping all the year round, waiting for dawn, is called "guarding the age". In some places, on New Year's Eve, the whole family get together, eat New Year's Eve, light candles or oil lamps, sit around the fire and chat, and keep vigil all night, which symbolizes driving away all evil diseases and looking forward to good luck in the new year. Second, holiday customs: 1, New Year greetings. This is an ancient folk activity. In the morning of the first year of the new year, welcome the new year, worship vegetarianism and worship the "Year God". "Sui", also known as "country" and "Tai Sui", is an ancient star name and a god of folk belief. At the age of 60, with the chronology of cadres and branches of 60 Jiazi as the running cycle, there are 60 people. There are old gods on duty every year. In those days, the traditional duty was called "traditional duty", which was the master of the year and was in charge of good and bad luck in the world. For example, in the Three Commandments, it is said that "the man who is too old, the one-year-old Lord, and the head of the gods". Paying New Year greetings is the oldest traditional Chinese New Year custom, which is still popular in Guangdong, especially Wuchuan. On the first day of the new year, the traditional customs of greeting the new year, offering sacrifices to God and receiving blessings have been passed down from generation to generation. 2. Open the door and set off firecrackers. When the door is opened in the morning of the Spring Festival, firecrackers are set off first, which is called "opening the door to set off firecrackers". After the firecrackers, the ground is broken red, which is the so-called "full house". At this time, the streets are full of anger and joy. The saying of "setting off firecrackers" has existed since ancient times. When the new year comes, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. 3. Ramadan. Worship God and set off firecrackers in the morning. On the morning of the first day, we worship Tai Sui God with vegetarian food. We must be vegetarian for breakfast, including vermicelli, yuba, Nostoc flagelliforme and mushrooms. Eat all the vegetarian dishes that should be eaten this year in the morning, so that you can eat big fish and big meat later. 4. Gather wealth. It is said that the first day of the first month is the birthday of a broom, so you can't use a broom on this day, otherwise it will ruin your fortune, attract a "broom star" and cause bad luck. If you must sweep the floor, you must sweep it from the outside to the inside. Don't throw water on the garbage on this day, for fear of breaking the money. In many places, this custom still exists. Don't put a broom or take out the garbage on New Year's Eve. Prepare a big barrel of waste water to avoid splashing outside that day. 5. Children's Day. The second day of the first month is the traditional Children's Day, and children should pay New Year greetings to their parents-in-law. The daughter who got married on this day went back to her mother's house and asked her husband to go with her, so it was commonly known as "Wedding Day". Daughters who go back to their parents' home must bring some gifts and bags to their children and have lunch at their parents' home. Chaoshan people call my uncle's return to his parents' home for dinner the next day "to have a midnight snack", which means to have lunch. Uncle and daughter must return to their home before dinner (some areas may stay for dinner because of the trip). 6. Happy New Year. Visiting relatives and friends is a way to celebrate the New Year. Paying New Year greetings is an important activity in the Spring Festival, and it is also a way for people to express their best wishes to each other. They visit relatives and friends, pay New Year greetings to each other, and say congratulations on getting rich, happiness and so on. The meaning of New Year's greetings is to visit relatives and friends, congratulate each other on the New Year, and express feelings for relatives and friends and good wishes for life in the new year. 7, burning door god paper. In the old society, on the third day, pine and cypress branches were burned together with the janitor's note hanging on the festival to show that the New Year had passed and it was time to start business. As the saying goes, "if you burn the janitor's paper, one will seek physiology." 8. Akaguchi. In ancient times, in the south of China, people posted "Red Mouth" on the morning of New Year's Day, thinking that this day was prone to quarrels and was not suitable for New Year's greetings. The so-called "red mouth" is usually made of red paper about seven or eight inches long and one inch wide, with some auspicious words written on it. In a word, sticking a "red mouth" is to make people feel that they can go in and out safely all year round, will not quarrel with others, and will not encounter all kinds of unfortunate disasters, and make more money at home and all the best. In ancient times, in Hong Kong, people generally didn't pay New Year's greetings on the third day of New Year's Eve, because the third day of the first month was "Chikou", also known as "Chigou Day". The red dog is the God of Anger, one of the so-called Five Emperors of the ancient Vision Wei family, that is, the Southern God in charge of summer. It is generally believed that it is unlucky to be angry with my brother when the sun is red. Therefore, the example of "Xiao Nianchao" should be to worship ancestors and gods. 9. Off-year. On the third day of the Lunar New Year, also known as the "Little Year Dynasty", there is a custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors and gods. On the third day of the lunar new year, I usually don't go out to pay New Year's greetings. Because my mouth is red, I hope to avoid quarreling with others. Relatives and friends can't walk around and visit each other. There is also the custom of not using a knife or cutting from the first day to the third day of New Year's Eve. Small-year dynasty: in ancient times, the third day, the small-year dynasty, did not sweep the floor, did not beg for fire, did not draw water, with the old dynasty. 10, sheep day. It is said in "Age of Years" that the fourth day of the first month is the day when Nu Wa is a sheep, so it is called "sheep day". On this day, people cannot kill sheep. If the weather is good, it means that sheep will be raised well and sheep farmers will have a good harvest this year. In the old imperial calendar, it was often said that "three sheep (yang) open Thailand" is a symbol of good luck and a day to welcome the kitchen god back to the people. 1 1, the god of Reuters. The Five-Road God, also known as the Road God, is the God of Wealth that Wu believes in. Celebrating his birthday on the 4th is quite spectacular. It is said that the first one received is the true god, which is particularly effective, so it is called "grabbing the road". In some places, the fourth day of January is really "grabbing the road" and it has become a custom. As for people who worship the Road God on the fifth day of January and take this day as their birthday, it is the reason why the "Five" of the Road God is related to the "Five" of the fifth day. To pick up the fifth lane, the owner must bring incense to the God of Wealth Hall in the east, west, south, north and middle directions. Please pick it up. Every time the god of wealth is taken away, a string of ancient cannons will be set off in front of the door. After all the people were received, the host and the waiter paid homage to the God of Wealth in turn. After the worship, the horses on the original table will be cremated as a tribute to the god of wealth. The ceremony is over. 12, opening. During the old custom Spring Festival, large and small shops closed together from the beginning of the New Year, but opened on the fifth day of the first month. People are used to taking the fifth day of the first month as the holy day of the god of wealth, thinking that choosing this day to open the market will definitely make a fortune. 13, send the poor ghost. The sixth day of the first lunar month, also known as Horse Day, is a distinctive custom of the Han people to send the poor on this day. There are different ways to send the poor to all parts of China. But the moral is basically the same, they all send away the poor. It reflects the traditional psychology that ancient people generally hope to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, send away the old poverty and hardships, and welcome a better life in the new year. 14, eight fertilizers. From the beginning of the first month to the fifth day, the toilet could not be cleaned, and the feces in the toilet also piled up. So on this day, I did a big cleaning and worshipped the toilet god to clean the dirty toilet on weekdays. So it is called "fat" (but now people use new bathroom equipment, so there is no such custom). 15, opening. On the sixth day of the Lunar New Year, shops and restaurants officially opened their doors and set off firecrackers, no less than on New Year's Eve. On the sixth day of the first month, in the old society, it was the day when large and small businesses "opened the market", and red couplets of "opening the market and prospering everything" should be posted on the door panels. Set off firecrackers before business to show good luck. 16, working days. People's Day is also called People's Victory Day, People's Celebration Day, Population Day and People's Seventh Day. Legend has it that Nu Wa created chickens, dogs, pigs, cows, horses and other animals at the beginning of creation, and then created people on the seventh day, so this day is the birthday of mankind. In terms of written records, people began to observe daily customs in the Han Dynasty, and began to pay attention to them after Wei and Jin Dynasties. In ancient times, people had the custom of "men winning". The man won as a headdress. Since the Jin Dynasty, people cut the ribbon for flowers and people, or put gold foil on people's screens and put it on their hair. Guri Shunxing 17. On the eighth day of the first month, people make small lanterns and burn them for sacrifice, which is called Shunxing, also called "offering sacrifices to stars" and "receiving stars". Sacrifice uses two sacred symbols, the first one is printed with Xingke, Suzaku and Xuanwu. The second is "The Monument to the Core of Life prolongs the life of Xingjun". Two sheets were stacked one after the other, clipped on paper clips and placed in the middle of the back of the table in the yard for worship. After dusk, sacrifice the Beidou as the target. After the sacrifice, when the residual lamp will be extinguished, the sacred scriptures and incense roots will be incinerated together with sesame stalks and pine and cypress branches to show the sacrifice. Legend has it that the eighth day is Xiaomi's birthday. If it's cloudy, it's sorry for this year. If it's sunny, it's a bumper rice harvest this year. 18, Jiuhuanghui. In ancient times, in many parts of the country, such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces, the custom of salute and gun battle prevailed for nine consecutive days from September 1 to 9 of the lunar calendar, which was called the Nine Emperors' Meeting. The nine emperors of the Big Dipper include the Big Dipper, Zuo Fu and Youbi. "Jade Sagger" said: From the first day of September to the ninth day of September, Beidou nine planets became an immortal, and the world fasted. This day was better than ordinary days, and his merits were boundless. It had a great influence on the belief of the Nine Emperors, and this worship gradually evolved into a folk custom of ritual fighting. According to Hu Pu 'an's Records of Chinese National Customs, on September 9, Guangdong Province established the Nine Emperors Society to fight with courtesy. In Yunnan, sacrificial fighting has become a custom in Yunnan, and it is held from September to September, which is the most pious; In Hangzhou, Zhejiang, the date of the ceremony is from June to the sixth day, and the customs and habits are basically the same. 19, turn on the lights and light up the banquet. On the tenth day of the first month, some places in the south have the custom of turning on lights and setting up lantern feasts. On that day, the boy's father must buy an octagonal paper lamp and hang it in the center of the ancestral hall or temple, so that the ancestors can know their children and protect them, or ask the gods to protect them. The custom of Lantern Festival includes a series of custom activities, such as turning on lights, throwing lanterns and drinking lanterns and wine. 20, son-in-law day. There is a saying in folk songs that "Eleven is the' son-in-law's day', and the father-in-law fetes his son-in-law on this day. According to legend, this is because the food celebrated on the ninth day can't be eaten until the tenth day, so it is used to invite the son-in-law to dinner on the eleventh day, and the family doesn't have to spend any more money. 2 1, 12 Set up a shed, make a plain head, make a pot and mark a gun. On the twelfth day of the first month, we set up a light shed, made a pot, made vegetarian meals and marked them with guns. The etiquette of "cooking vegetarian food" is very complicated. In the morning, please invite God to come home from the temple and sit in the lobby to offer candy incense. It is a great honor to be a vegetarian, because it is generally believed that vegetarianism can win God's love, bring good luck, make a fortune in the coming year, and get what you want, so it is all grand. " Make vegetarian meals "usually serves vegetarian meals." 22, lion dance, floating colors, wandering gods, temple fairs. On the 13th and 14th of the first month, there are lion dances, floating colors, wandering souls and temple fairs. There is also a legend that the 13th day of the first month is "the birthday of the lamp holder". On this day, people will light a lamp under the kitchen stove, which is called "lighting the stove lamp". In the old society, the lights were turned on on the thirteenth day of the first month and turned off on the eighteenth. 23. Try lanterns, go shopping, hold temple fairs and send frogs. On this day, China folk activities include drinking bright soup, trying lanterns, eating bad soup, and worshipping the goddess beside the water. On the fourteenth day of the first lunar month, there is a traditional folk activity of "sending frogs" in Pengxi County, Sichuan Province. Participants can not only eat authentic farmers' dam feast, but also climb mountains with bamboo lanterns, set off fireworks and "send frogs" to welcome the good luck and best wishes of the Lunar New Year. 24. Lantern Festival.
On the fifteenth day of the first month, also known as the Lantern Festival and Lantern Festival, the customary activities mainly include enjoying lanterns, swimming lanterns, boating, setting off fireworks and celebrating the Lantern Festival. The festival customs of Lantern Festival are very distinctive. Watching lanterns and setting off fireworks are also one of the main customs of the Lantern Festival. Because this festival has the custom of watching lanterns in past dynasties, it is also called Lantern Festival. "(1) Lantern Festival. Since ancient times, the custom of Lantern Festival has been based on the warm and festive custom of watching lanterns. For example, The New Record of Erjing in the Tang Dynasty said: "On the fifteenth night of the first month, Jin Wu is forbidden, and the lights are watched the day before and after, and the lights are like day. "(2) temple fair. Visiting temple fairs is one of the traditional folk activities. Guangfu Temple Fair and Beijing ditan temple fair are also called the two major temple fairs in China. Covers the puppet show, China stunt, Wulin Congress, Lantern Festival and other theme activities. It contains rich contents such as blessing culture, folk culture, food culture, business and leisure culture. (3) Eat jiaozi. Eating jiaozi on the 15th day of the first month is also called Yuanxiao. Tangyuan, as a kind of food, has a long history in China. In the Song Dynasty, a novel Lantern Festival food was popular among the people. This kind of food was originally called "Floating Zi Yuan", later called "Yuanxiao", and merchants also called it "Yuanbao". Tangyuan also means round and round. (4) Performing social fire. In some places in the north, on the fifteenth day of the first month, several villages get together to perform social fires. Social fires include walking on stilts, Zhong Kui jumping and floats. Third, ethnic customs: 1, Tibetan customs. On Tibetan New Year's Eve, people put on colorful costumes and grotesque masks, played music with suona, conch and drum, and held a grand "God Jumping Meeting". The boys danced wildly and sang loudly, indicating that they would bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, exorcising evil spirits and reducing happiness. On the morning of the new year, women will pick "auspicious water" to wish good luck in the new year. 2. Yi customs. Yi people choose festivals according to the Yi calendar. Some people spend the Spring Festival with the local Han people. In some areas, Yi compatriots set up pine trees in front of their doors and spread the floor with pine needles to avoid disasters. In other areas, pigs and sheep are slaughtered during festivals, and people visit each other and give each other meat and steamed buns. On the morning of New Year's Day, the first thing to do when you get up is to carry water home. They compared the weight of a bowl of water with that of the previous day. For example, the heavy water in the New Year means more rain in the coming year. 3. Zhuang customs. On New Year's Eve, it is called "suppressing New Year's Eve" to prepare meals for the festival. In some areas, people call it "Eating Festival", which means "Spend one's old age safely" in Zhuang language. This indicates a bumper agricultural harvest in the coming year. Some of them also make paraffin cakes that are more than a foot long and weigh five or six pounds. A family with a small population can't finish a meal! On the morning of New Year's Day, people get up before dawn, put on new clothes and set off firecrackers to welcome the New Year. Women are scrambling to go to the river or the well to "draw new water" and start a boiling life in the new year. 4. Buyi customs. On New Year's Eve, the whole Buyi family stayed up all night by the pond. At dawn, the girls scrambled to fetch water. Whoever picks the first load of water first is the hardest-working and happiest girl. 5. Qiang customs. The Qiang people's New Year is celebrated on the first day of the tenth lunar month every year, usually lasting 3-5 days, and in some villages it lasts until the tenth day of October. According to the folk custom, in the year of Qiang, gods should also be sacrificed, such as the gods of heaven, mountains and landlords (village gods). The whole village will have a reunion dinner, drink Zasa and dance Sharon until everyone is happy. The whole ceremony was presided over by Xu, while the miscellaneous wine was opened by the respected elders in the village. During the festival, relatives and friends can congratulate each other and welcome each other. 6. Dong Customs. During the Spring Festival of the Dong people, a mass activity called "Playing Dong Year" (also called Lushenghui) prevailed. This activity is similar to the "group worship" of the Han nationality, but it is more joyful and enthusiastic than the "group worship". This kind of activity is usually held by two villages. The two teams formally held a Song Lusheng and Dance Competition in the square. At this time, the audience of the two villages danced with the music and enjoyed themselves. 7. Bai customs. When the Bai people in Yunnan celebrate the New Year, there is a way to celebrate it called "holding high". The so-called "soaring" is to use the whole big bamboo and put gunpowder in the cracks of the bamboo. After lighting, the whole bamboo can collapse into the sky and become a veritable "soaring". In some areas, Bai compatriots, like Miao and Zhuang, are carrying out "throwing hydrangea" activities from the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival. 8. Tujia customs. During the Spring Festival, Tujia will hold a grand swing dance. Hand-waving dance is an ancient dance popular in Tujia nationality, including more than 70 dance movements such as hunting, military, farming and feasting. It has distinctive rhythm, graceful movements, simple dance, healthy mood, no props, distinctive national characteristics and strong life breath. 9. Dai customs. Songkran Festival is a New Year's Festival for Dai people, and it is also the biggest traditional festival in a year. The day when Grain Rain started was designated as the "Water-splashing Festival". During the three or four-day festival, people throw water at each other to show that they have washed away the old soil and wish happiness and peace in the new year. 10, customized by Li. Li people living in Hainan Island, every family will put on a sumptuous meal and wine every Spring Festival, and the whole family will sit around and eat the "New Year's Eve". During the dinner, the whole family will also sing "New Year Songs". On the second day of the first grade, young men in the village will also hold a "Spring Festival Hunting". The prey of this day is enjoyed by the whole village. 1 1, Wa Customs. Yi people call Chinese New Year "what to lose". Most of them make glutinous rice, glutinous rice and water wine, and put the first mortar of glutinous rice on peaches, plums and other fruit trees a little bit, wishing the coming year fruitful. The Yi people in Nujiang, Yunnan, should first feed the cows with salt to show their respect for their labor. 12, Keno Customs. The Spring Festival is coming. The Jinuo people living in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, the old man chewing betel nuts raised his head to knock the cymbals, and the old woman wearing a big pointed hat bowed her head to knock the gongs. Zhou Ba (the father of the village) beat the drums first, and the young men and women danced in a circle with their bare hands. 13, Gaoshanguan. During the Spring Festival, people of Gaoshan ethnic group wear gorgeous national costumes and gather in groups at the edge of the village to drink and enjoy songs and dances accompanied by musical instruments. Some villages also hold harpoon competitions, and carry out sports activities, such as basket-lifting, pole-ball and so on. Introduction to the Spring Festival: The Spring Festival is the biggest traditional folk festival in China, and it is a folk festival integrating blessing, entertainment and food. The Spring Festival has a long history, which evolved from the sacrificial rites of praying for the New Year at the beginning of ancient times, and bears rich historical and cultural connotations in its inheritance and development. In the process of inheritance and development, some relatively fixed customs have been formed, many of which have been passed down to this day, such as buying new year's goods, sweeping dust, posting couplets, eating New Year's Eve, keeping New Year's Eve, dancing dragons and lions, offering sacrifices to ancestors, praying for disaster relief, wandering around, boat racing, temple fairs, playing gongs and drums, cursor flags, lanterns and wine, and enjoying flowers and lanterns. Traditional festival ceremonies and related custom activities are important contents of festival elements, bearing rich and colorful festival cultural connotations. Folk songs of the Spring Festival custom:
1, Beijing: "Twenty-three, honeydew melon is sticky; Twenty-four, housing Tomb-Sweeping Day; Twenty-five, pushing millet; Twenty-six, hanging meat; Twenty-seven, slaughter a chicken; Twenty-eight, send face; Twenty-nine, steamed bread; Stay for 30 nights, on the first day of the New Year. " 2, Shandong: Laba porridge, boil for a few days, Li Lila 23, 23, honey melon sticky, 24, cleaning day, 25, pushing coal rats (it should be millet powder, see Beijing article "25, pushing millet powder"), 26, buying meat, 27, killing cock, 28, white flour hair, 29, steaming steamed bread, 30. Twenty-five, grinding bean curd, twenty-six, cutting meat, twenty-seven, killing a chicken, twenty-eight, steaming jujube flowers, twenty-nine, making wine, pinching jiaozi on New Year's Eve, and pouting and bowing casually on the first day. 4. Northeast China: Twenty-three honeydew melons stick, twenty-four clean houses, twenty-five make tofu, twenty-six stew, twenty-seven kill chickens, twenty-eight stick grills, twenty-nine serve wine, and go to jiaozi on New Year's Eve. 5, unity: children and children, don't be jealous, after Laba is the year; Boil eight porridge, drink it for a few days, and it will be twenty-three miles; Twenty-three, honeydew melon is sticky; Twenty-four, sweeping the house; Twenty-five, frozen tofu; Twenty-six, go to buy meat; Twenty-seven, slaughter the rooster; Twenty-eight, send face; Twenty-nine, steamed bread; Stay up for 30 nights; Take you all over the street on the first day.