Basketball rule

(1) Basketball is a game played by hands, and the ball is round;

② Walking or running with the ball in hand is not allowed;

(3) Athletes can go anywhere on the field as long as it does not affect or hinder other athletes;

④ Physical contact between athletes is not allowed;

⑤ The hoop should be horizontal.

According to these five basic principles, Mr. naismith made the most primitive rules of basketball match. The original rules of basketball match are 13. The basic content of article 13 is:

1. Players can throw the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands.

2. Players can catch the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands, but they must never hit the ball with their fists.

Players can't take the ball away.

You must hold the ball with your hand, but you are not allowed to kick the ball with your head and feet.

5. Players are not allowed to use shoulder bump, hand pull, hand push, hand bump, foot trip and other methods to deal with opposing players. Any player who violates this rule is regarded as the first foul and will be forced to stop playing until he hits the target. If you intentionally hurt the opposing player, you will be disqualified from participating in the whole game and will not be allowed to substitute.

6. It is against rules 3 and 4 to hit the ball with fists.

7. If either side fouls three times in a row, it is counted as the other side's goal. Continuous foul refers to: during a period of time, the opposing team members did not foul, while their own team members fouled continuously.

8. If the defender doesn't touch or interfere with the ball, when the ball is thrown into the basket and stays in it, it is considered a basket. If the ball stops at the basket and the other team touches the basket, it is also a fortune teller.

9. When the ball is out of bounds, the ball will be thrown into the field by the first person who touches it. If there is an argument, the referee will throw the ball into the field. Throw a foul ball for five seconds. After more than 5 seconds, the ball was awarded to the opponent.

10. The referee is the referee of the player, and he has the right to call a foul. When a team fouls three times in a row, he will notify the assistant referee. He has the right to declare an athlete disqualified.

1 1. The assistant referee is the referee of this ball. He can decide the time of the ball in the game, he should count the time, decide the stroke of the ball, record the number of strokes of the ball, and bear the responsibility that the referee should bear at ordinary times.

12. The game will be played in two 15 minutes with a 5-minute break.

13. The team that hits the ball the most wins. If there is a draw, with the consent of both captains, the game can be postponed until another goal is scored.

Although the original 13 basketball competition rules are not systematic and complete, and some terms are not clear enough, they have played a great role in promoting the development of basketball in the early stage. In particular, basketball has developed into a modern basketball sport today, and the technical and tactical level is getting higher and higher, so the rules are even more important. It requires strict, scientific and systematic management of basketball games.

Edit the evolution of basketball competition rules in this paragraph.

The modification of rules promotes the development of basketball, and the continuous improvement of basketball skills and tactics promotes the appropriate modification or supplement of imperfect rules, thus making basketball develop in a healthy and advanced direction.

Rules and basketball skills and tactics, like productivity and relations of production, are complementary, interdependent and mutually reinforcing. By affirming, denying, allowing or not allowing, the rules ensure the normal progress of basketball games and promote the healthy development of basketball. The action that conforms to the rules of the field is the correct action, and vice versa.

The rules have developed from the initial 13 to the present 58, and the basketball skills and tactics have developed from the initial simple low level to the present high level, which is the result of their mutual restriction and promotion for many years. For example, the development of dribbling technology from the initial elbow joint as the axis to the current shoulder joint as the axis is precisely the result of the constant affirmation of the developing technology by the rules. Now the rules clearly point out that the symbol of the end of dribbling is the moment when both hands touch the ball or dribble with the palm up, and the thumb exceeds the vertical plane to end the dribbling. Always in your hand.

Down, the thumb does not exceed the vertical plane, and the ball can't stay in the hand. Therefore, the modern technology of arm dribbling with shoulder joint as the axis and one-handed back-pulling and back-turning dribbling has been affirmed in legal form. Another example: the development of shooting techniques, from the initial in-situ two-handed chest shooting to top-down dunk, one-handed or two-handed basketball and other superb techniques, the rules clearly stipulate that all players are shooting. Therefore, modern technologies such as dunk and makeup have developed rapidly. In recent years, there have been many techniques in the competition, such as back jump shot, back jump shot and hook jump shot, which are also determined by the basic principles of dealing with physical contact and foul, such as vertical plane principle and flying man principle. When dealing with fouls, the guiding ideology of offensive and defensive balance is particularly emphasized, forcing and promoting shooters to adopt various forms of jump shot techniques, get rid of defense and avoid hitting people because of fouls, so as to achieve the goal of scoring and promote the continuous development of defensive tactics.

Under normal circumstances, FIBA will revise and supplement the rules every four years, with the purpose of promoting the further development of basketball skills and tactics, limiting rude movements and making the game develop in a civilized, clean, intense and hard-working direction.

The change of rules is unknowable, and no one can change it at will on a whim. It is carried out according to a certain review purpose. The specific guiding principles for modifying the rules are:

1. Gongping. This is the basis for modifying the rules. Rules should be fair to both sides of the game. Because the basketball game is a contest of basketball consciousness, skills and tactics and physical quality between the two sides under the same conditions of time, space, venue and number of people.

2. Balance. Balance (or balance) means that both offense and defense must be balanced. If a game is easy to score or difficult to score, it will make the game dull and not exciting, then the wonderful charm of the basketball game will be lost.

3. Define the meaning. The definition of rules should be concise and accurate.

4. compile. Rules should be compiled, avoid duplication, be consistent and not contradictory.

5. Keep it short. The rules should be short and to the point, and avoid verbosity that makes people difficult to understand.

6. Outside the case. There are many rules in front of the rules. If there are no exceptions (that is, comments), it is difficult to enforce the rules. The exception is to ensure the implementation of positive law.

7. Safety. Rules should ensure personal safety and the smooth running of the competition in a good environment and atmosphere.

8. power. The referee must be given the power to execute the rules competently and authoritatively in the competition.

9. Continuation. The rules should minimize the number of interruptions of the game, so as to ensure the continuity of the game and make the game more compact and exciting.

10. No profit. Rules should make no one in the game benefit from violating the rules, so that the game can be played fairly and reasonably.

Edit the basic rules of this paragraph.

Basic rule one

1. Competition method

There are five people in a team, one of whom is the captain and at most seven substitutes, but the number can be increased according to the organizer. The game is divided into four quarters, each of which is 10 minute, NBA 12 minute, with a 5-minute break, NBA 130 second, halftime 15 minute and NBA 15 minute. At the end of the game, if the two teams have the same points, overtime will be played for 5 minutes. If the score is still the same after 5 minutes, a 5-minute overtime will be played again until the tie is broken.

2. Fraction type

After the ball is thrown into the basket and approved by the referee, it is counted as a score. 3 points can be scored for the inner input of the branch line; You can get 3 points for shooting outside the three-point line, and the penalty 1 point.

3. Way of proceeding

At the beginning of the game, each team pushes a jumper to the central jumper area, the referee throws the ball, and the jumpers from both sides start the game.

4. Player replacement

The substitution of each player should be completed within 20 seconds, and the number of substitutions is unlimited. The time to exchange players is when someone fouls, fights for the ball, calls a timeout, etc. The referee can temporarily suspend the timing of the game.

5. Free throw

Each player has four chances to be allowed to foul, and the fifth time is all out (6 times in NBA). And cannot be played again in the same game. Free throw is shooting when no one can stop or defend it. It is a punishment for the offending party and an opportunity for the opposing party. Stand behind the free throw line and shoot within 10 second after receiving the referee's ball. After shooting, you can't cross the free throw line before the ball touches the basket.

lawbreaking

Generally, it can be divided into (1) common violations, such as walking with the ball, dribbling twice (double belt), kicking the ball (foot ball) or hitting the ball with the fist. (2) jump ball violation; (3) Illegal jump ball: Before the jumper touches the ball, no one except the jumper is allowed to enter the central jump ball area.

Basic rule 2

24-second rule: the attacker must shoot within 24 seconds of holding the ball (24 seconds for NBA, CBA, CUBA, WNBA and 35 seconds for NCAA).

8-second rule: the team must control the ball from the backcourt and make the ball enter the frontcourt (the opposing half) within 8 seconds.

Five-second rule: after holding the ball, the player must throw the foul ball within five seconds, and the FIBA rules stipulate that the free throw must also be shot within five seconds.

Rule of 3 seconds: divided into offensive 3 seconds and defensive 3 seconds. Attack for 3 seconds: the attacking player shall not stay in the 3-second zone for more than 3 seconds; Defensive for 3 seconds: When the offensive player corresponding to the defensive player is not in the 3-second zone or the edge of the 3-second zone and completely gets rid of the defensive player, the defensive player shall not stay in the restricted area for more than 3 seconds.

Personal foul: a foul caused by physical contact with an opponent.

Technical foul: A player or coach is convicted of a foul for poor performance, such as an argument with a referee.

Disqualification foul: a foul action made by a player that does not reflect the spirit of the athlete, such as hitting someone. When this happens, the player should be sent off immediately.

Five fouls by a player: No matter whether it is a personal foul or a technical foul, a player who commits five fouls (six in NBA) must leave the field and cannot play again.

Foul: Violation of rules, neither personal nor technical. The main violations are: illegal dribbling, taking the ball away, 3 seconds violation, letting the ball out of bounds, kicking the ball with your feet.

Player out of bounds: The ball is out of bounds when the player touches the area outside the sideline or string with the ball or the ball itself. The ball doesn't go out of bounds in the air until it hits the line or out of line.

Interference ball: When the shot ball falls to the basket, neither player can touch the ball. Defenders must not touch the ball when it is in the basket.

After the ball hits the chessboard, the opponent must not touch the ball until it falls.

Players closely watched by defenders: Players closely watched by defenders must pass, dribble or shoot within 5 seconds, otherwise their team will lose possession of the ball (which is not stipulated in NBA rules).

Ball back to the backcourt: if the team has moved the ball from the backcourt to the frontcourt, the team players can no longer move the ball across the center line and transport it back to the backcourt.

Edit the basic skills of basketball in this paragraph.

1) ball control skills

1. Control the ball

2. Trunk dish ball

3. Neck dribbling

4. One-legged hockey

Throw the ball before and after stepping down

6. Knee ball

7. Get off the 8-wheeler

2) Advanced skills

A feint/stunt

1. Swing your waist

Raise your hands and open your feet.

The ball and foot are in opposite directions.

4. False shooting

Shake your neck

stop

Skills and basic skills in competition:

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1. shooting precautions

2. How can we improve the shooting percentage?

3. One-handed shot in situ

4. How to jump shot

5. Several ways to pass the ball

6. How to dribble the ball

7. How to control the ball

8. How can I steal successfully?

9. Sliding defense

Edit this basketball term

(1) West el mate: The athlete holds the ball with one hand or both hands, jumps in the air, and directly pours the ball into the basket from top to bottom.

(2) Make-up: When the shot is missed, the athlete jumps in the air to make up the ball in the basket.

(3) Block: The attacker blocks the defender behind him with his footwork. This footwork is called blocking position (mostly used for rebounding).

(4) Catch the ball: move along the passing flight direction to facilitate catching the ball.

(5) Dislocation defense: The defender stands next to the attacker he defends and prevents him from catching the ball, which is called dislocation defense.

(6) Important position: The attacker blocks the defender behind him with his body and occupies a favorable position to catch the ball.

(7) Breakthrough: Break through the defender with the ball.

(8) Empty cut: The attacker ran to the basket empty-handed.

(9) One pass: The receiver passes the ball 1 time from defense to attack.

(10) West el tapón: When the attacker shoots, the defender tries to hit the ball out of the air.

(1 1) Complement: When 1 defender loses the correct defensive position, other 1 defenders make up the correct defensive position in time.

(12) assist in defense: assist in defending peers.

(13) Press defense: Keep close to the attacker, and constantly threaten the opponent's ball control safety or prevent the opponent from receiving the ball with offensive and defensive actions.

(14) Oblique insertion: Run diagonally from the sideline to the basket or the center of the field.

(15) Time difference: When shooting, in order to avoid the cover of the opponent's defense, the air block is used to change the shooting time.

(16) serve: The offensive player without the ball takes the initiative to grab the position and receive the ball.

(17) Landing: disposal of both sides.

(18) Coordination: The attacker receives and transfers the ball through the tactical coordination organized by the players in the frontcourt or the middle of the whole court, resulting in attack opportunities such as empty cutting, bypassing cutting and covering.

(19) Cover: An offensive cooperation in which the attacker blocks the opponent's way with reasonable technical movements and creates opportunities for the partner to get rid of the defense.

(20) Sudden score: The offensive player with the ball passes the ball after breaking through.

(2 1) cross-cutting: The attacking player with the ball uses the empty cut immediately after passing the ball, ready to catch the ball and attack.

(22) Make-up defense: When 1 defender loses his position, it is possible for the attacker to score directly with the ball, and another 1 defender in the neighboring area immediately gives up his opponent to defend the attacker with the ball breakthrough.

(23) changing defense: prevent players from changing defense.

(24) Closing the door: Quickly select two adjacent players with the ball in the direction of the attacker's breakthrough to form a "barrier" to block the attacker's breakthrough route.

(25) Attack: Two defenders jointly block 1 the attacking players and block their passing route.

(26) Squeeze: When two attackers cooperate with each other, the members of the protected person approach to the back, seize the position at the moment when the attackers are about to complete the cooperation, squeeze between the two attackers from the side, destroy their cover and continue to defend their opponents.

(27) Crossing: When the attacker covers, the defender's players are slightly away from each other, so that the companions can pass through their own cover players and continue to defend each other.

(28) Pick and roll: Use the ball to block the defender for teammates.

(29) Air relay: A technique in which one teammate passes the ball in, another teammate catches the ball in the air, and then spikes or throws the ball into the basket before landing in the air.

(30) Bottom: When the outside player holds the ball and is closely defended by the opponent, the center or power forward will come out from the outside to catch the ball and then pass it safely to other players.

Edit this paragraph to introduce the main location of the basketball court.

Point guard (PG) (West Base)

The point guard has the most chances to get the ball on the court. He wants to bring the ball safely from the backcourt to the frontcourt, and then pass it to other teammates so that others can score. A qualified point guard must be able to pass the ball across the half court without any problem when only one person is defending. Then, he must have good passing ability, and he can pass the ball where it should go most of the time: sometimes it is a gap in shooting, and sometimes it is a better guide. Simply put, he wants to make the ball smooth, and he wants to be able to pass the ball to the place where it is easiest to score. Furthermore, he should organize his own team's attack and make his teammates' attack more smooth.

There are other requirements for the point guard. In terms of scoring, the player who controls the ball is often the team's last scorer, which means that unless other teammates don't have a good chance to shoot, he won't shoot easily. Or to put it another way, his scoring ability is very strong. He uses his scoring ability to destroy the opponent's defense and create opportunities for his teammates. In short, there is an unchangeable principle for the point player: if any teammate has a better chance to play on the spot than him, he will definitely give the ball to the teammate with a better chance.

Shooting guard (SG) (Coltat West)

The shooting guard takes scoring as his main task. He is the second leading scorer in the field after the small forward, but he doesn't need to practice singles skills like the small forward because his teammates often help him find a gap and shoot. However, because of this, his outside accuracy and stability should be very good.

Shooting guards often have to do two things. First, there is a good gap to shoot the outside line, so his outside line must be accurate and stable. Otherwise, if teammates try their best to block a good opportunity but fail to score, it will do a great blow to the morale and confidence of the whole team. The second is to find a small gap to throw an outside line, so he has to be quick. A good shooting guard can't expect such a good gap every time. He should be able to find shooting opportunities in a short time, and his shooting percentage should be at a certain level. This can stall the enemy's defense, and the defensive circle must be opened, which is more conducive to teammates' attack in the restricted area.

Small Forward (Small Forward) (West Alero)

Small forward is the team's most important scorer. The most fundamental requirement for a small forward is to score, and it is a long-distance score. As soon as the small forward receives the ball, his first thought is how to put the ball into the basket. He may rebound, but it is not necessary; He may pass the ball well, but it is not necessary; He may bounce well, but it's still unnecessary; He may defend well, but it's still unnecessary. The basic job of a small forward is to score, score and score again.

Small forward is the position with the lowest requirement for shooting percentage. Generally speaking, as long as 45% is qualified, more than 40% is acceptable. Of course, there is a premise that he wants to score goals. If a small forward averages seven or eight points per game and hits only 40%, it is better to let him sit on the bench. On the other hand, why can the shooting percentage of small forwards be lower? Because he is the main scorer in the team, he often has to take the initiative to look for opportunities to shoot, stabilize the morale of the army at some moments, and even boost morale by singling out opponents in more difficult ways, and even give opponents a fright and a head-on blow. So the small forward will have more chances to shoot, or it may be a bad chance, so we can allow him to play lower, as long as he can score.

Power forward (PF) (Siala-fulcrum)

The task of power forward in the team is almost always very hard. Rebound, defense and blocking are all indispensable to him, but he is often the last to score. So power forward can be regarded as the most inconspicuous role on the basketball court.

The first job of power forward is to rebound. Power forward is usually the person who rebounds the most on the team. He is stuck in the penalty area, cooperates with the center and often provokes the rebounding task of the whole team. When attacking, he often helps his teammates to block people, and then tries to squeeze in to grab rebounds and carry out the second wave of attack after his teammates shoot.

Generally speaking, power forwards rarely shoot, and their shooting positions are often close to the basket, which requires higher shooting percentage. In terms of five positions on the court, power forward should be the one with the highest hit rate, and a good power forward should reach more than 55%. But because scoring is not his strong point, he can score few points, but he must grab more rebounds. In addition, Hotpot's defensive ability is naturally necessary for power forward, because he wants to consolidate the restricted area, and defense is of course important. In fact, power forward is to do two things well: rebounding and defense.

Center (c) (west axis)

As the name implies, the center is the core of a team. He spends most of his time selling labor and figures in the restricted area. He is offensive and defensive, and is the hub of the team, so he is called the center.

What will the center do? First of all, since he lives in the restricted area, rebounding is absolutely indispensable. Again, the restricted area is a battleground for all teams. Of course, opponents can't attack it easily, so the ability to block attacks and build hot pot is also indispensable. When attacking, the center often has the opportunity to stand in the penalty area near the free throw line (which is the center of the whole attack field) to catch the ball. At this time, he should also have good ball guiding ability and send the ball to a more suitable corner. The above three items are the basic skills that a center should have. In the team, the center is often responsible for scoring. He is the main inside scorer, corresponding to the inside and outside small forward. Because he wants to play singles, his shooting percentage can be lower, but his hand is often closer to the basket, so his shooting percentage is higher. Generally speaking, 52% can be used as a standard. The requirement of center's hit rate is second only to that of power forward.

A good center needs versatility. In attack, the center should have the ability to play singles near the basket, and he should be able to play singles with his back to the basket. Turning shot is the most common one, while jumping and hooking are more difficult to defend. Defensively, to be a good center, you should not only defend the players you should watch, but also help your teammates defend in time. To put it simply, if an enemy player bypasses his teammates' defense and enters the basket, the center should have the courage to make peace, while one person guards and defends his own restricted area. Of course, it doesn't mean that you can't leak it every time, but you always have the ability to "help". If a center can only keep his own people, it is not enough (unless the opponent is a super offensive center).

There is a deformation of the center, which is called the outer center. The difference between him and the normal center is that his attack is mainly to shoot outside shots, and less to do singles in the restricted area. Because the center is tall, other short people can't keep it at all, so the outside shooting can pull the opposing center out, so it is also very useful when the striker is strong. When defending, just like the average center, defend the opposing center and rebound as usual.

Event introduction

In addition to the Olympic Games and the World Basketball Championship, there are traditional regional basketball competitions in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, Central America, Europe and America, as well as the World University and Middle School Games, the World Army and the World Club Basketball Championship. The methods of participating in Olympic basketball games are constantly changing. By the 22nd Olympic Games in 1980, it was stipulated that there were 12 countries participating in the Games, and the way of producing these 12 countries was: the top three in the last Olympic Games; 3 places before the European regional qualifiers and the American regional qualifiers; Asia, Africa and Oceania each have 1. Divide the two groups into two stages to decide the ranking. Held every four years, there are men's competitions and women's competitions. The men's 1950 and women's 1953 started in the World Basketball Championship, and the men's and women's competitions were held separately. The interval between each competition is uncertain, usually once every four years. The ways of participating in previous world men's basketball championships are not exactly the same. By the eighth time 1978, the participation methods are: the top three in the last Olympic Games, the top three before the last championship, the champions in Europe, America, Asia, Africa and Oceania, the host country and the inviting country (according to the regulations, the host country can invite 1.

There are six World Basketball Championships, which are held every two years:

Men's competition: 16 teams participated.

Women's competition: 16 teams participated.

Youth Tournament: There are teams with 16, and the age is below 18.

Competition for the age group of 22 and below: This is a new competition, which is held to provide a transitional competition for young players before participating in the adult competition.

Men's wheelchair basketball competition: 1973 was first held.

Women's wheelchair basketball competition: 1990 was held for the first time.

Stankovic Intercontinental Basketball Championship Stankovic Intercontinental Basketball Championship was first held in Beijing, China in 2005. The competition was initiated by Dr. Cheng Wanqi, president of FIBA, and named after Mr. Stankovic in recognition of his contribution to the development of international basketball.

Stankovic Cup is a competition between champions or runners-up from all continents, and it is the exchange of world basketball.

The Stankovic Cup is only held in China.

The Development History of Olympic Basketball

1904, at the third Olympic Games held in St. Louis, USA, two American teams played basketball for the first time. 1936, at the 1 1 Berlin Olympic Games, the men's basketball team was finally listed as an official Olympic event. The women's basketball didn't become an official event until197621Montreal Olympic Games.

Looking back on the development of Olympic basketball, former FIBA Secretary-General Bo? Stankovic once said: "1936 should be a masterpiece in the history of basketball." Being able to board the Olympic Games is undoubtedly a milestone in the development of basketball.

At the 1 1 Berlin Olympic Games, 2/kloc-0 teams from North America, South America, Asia, Europe and Africa participated in the basketball competition, which became the largest team event in the Berlin Olympic Games at that time, showing the great charm of basketball.

Of course, the level of basketball competition in this Olympic Games is still not high. The final was played between the United States and Canada. The result of the two teams was 19∶8, and the United States won the first basketball game of the Olympic Games. Mr. Shu Hong, a famous basketball referee in China, served as the referee on the spot. Today, although there are only two team events for men and women in the Olympic basketball competition, each with three medals of gold, silver and bronze, all countries attach great importance to the Olympic basketball competition. It can be said that the Olympic basketball game has become the most important thing in the world basketball game today.

Judging from the previous Olympic basketball games, the top teams in the world are mostly concentrated in Europe and America, especially the men's and women's basketball teams in the United States. In the past 16 men's basketball games and the 8th women's basketball Olympic Games, the American men's basketball team won 12 times (the former Soviet Union won twice, the former Yugoslavia and Argentina each won 1 2 times).

Top three men's basketball teams in previous Olympic Games:

Champion, runner-up and runner-up of the year

1936 USA Canada Mexico

1948 USA, France and Brazil

1952 USA, USSR and Uruguay

1956 USA, USSR and Uruguay

1960 USA, USSR and Brazil

1964 USA, USSR and Brazil

1968 United States, Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union

1972 Soviet Union, United States and Cuba

1976 America, Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union

1980 Yugoslavia, Italy and the Soviet Union