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The Origin of Wennan Ci and Peking Opera

Wennan ci

China traditional operas are popular in Susong, Dongzhi and other places in Anqing, Anhui. Originally a fishing drum minor in Huangmei, Hubei Province, it was introduced to Anhui in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. In the development of Wennan Ci, influenced by Raohe tune, it absorbed and integrated folk songs, folk songs and ten gongs and drums in southern Anhui. It has been nearly a hundred years since the stall came onto the stage. There are dozens of kinds of vocals, such as Nanci, Wenci, Orthodox, Ping, Si Ban and Allegro. Therefore, "Nanci and Wenci" are combined into one, collectively known as "Wennan Ci". The accompaniment is mainly Hu Si. There is no professional troupe, and Huangmei Opera Troupe in Dongzhi and Susong counties also performs Wennan Ci. There are more than 30 repertoires, such as "Women's Complaints about Fireworks" and "Borrowing Clothes from Su Wenbiao".

Nishang Xupu, a collection of folk songs published by 1795 (60 years of Qianlong), contains Chundiao and Chundiao of Nanci, which is one of the main tunes of Wennan Ci. Around 1850, there was a lantern dance in Susong, which later evolved into a lantern show. Lantern Opera is the original prototype of Wennan Ci, which is developed on the basis of the combination of this folk art and local lantern opera.

According to records, the scholar Xie from Yangjiaqiao, dongzhi county, wrote a poem in "Poems of Nanxiang: Occasionally Seeing Mother" (Nanxiang is now Qingshan Township, dongzhi county): "Weng Cao sang' homesickness' with a fishing drum under four trees. Women and children are fascinated by Wennan Ci, and the western hills will not go home at sunset. " This poem describes the performance form, accompaniment instruments and audience's favorite degree of Wennan Ci at that time.

During 1947, Hu Jinshan, a blind artist from Huangmei County, Hubei Province, lived in Qingshan Meitang, Yuanzhide County. He first told fortune, then herded cattle for a living, and taught a group of local youths to sing some operas in the cattle farm. Hu Zhiyuan, Jinfeng Amateur Art Troupe in Yoko Township, Houjiang, came to Meitang to give a lecture and premiered the large-scale costume drama Su Wenbiao Borrowing Clothes. In the development of Wennan Ci, influenced by Raohe tune, it absorbed and integrated southern Anhui folk songs, folk songs and the top ten gongs and drums. From the stall to the stage, there are dozens of kinds of vocals, such as Nanci, Wenci, Zhengban, Pingping, Siban and Allegro. Therefore, "Nanci and Wenci" are combined into one, collectively known as "Wennan Ci". 1958, an amateur literary drama troupe was formally established in Meitang Village, Qingshan Township, Yuanzhide County, and a number of traditional literary dramas such as Sanyu and Legend of the White Snake were staged. 1959 Qian Yihe, a drama musician of the county drama troupe provided by Liu Rumin, a folk artist from Qingshan Commune, made a musical analysis of Wenhua and Nanhua 1978 Modern operas Happy Event and Seal won the music creation award, performance award and director award at Anqing Opera Concert. 1982, the modern drama "Grab the Carpenter" won the music award and performance award at provincial and local conferences, and called it "Wennan Ci".

Peking Opera, once called Pingju, is one of the five major operas in China [1]. Its accent is mainly Xipi and Huanger, accompanied by huqin and gongs and drums. It is regarded as the quintessence of China and the "top spot" of China's opera Sandingjia.

Anhui Opera is the predecessor of Beijing Opera. Since the 55th year of Qing Qianlong (1790), four Huizhou classes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which had performed in the south, have successively entered Beijing. They cooperated with artists in Hubei, accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Shaanxi Opera, and absorbed some local folk tunes. Through constant communication and integration, Peking Opera was finally formed. After the formation of Peking Opera, it began to develop rapidly in the Qing court until the Republic of China.