The Origin of Wu Drama

Wu Opera Wu Opera, commonly known as Jinhua Opera, is one of the local operas in Zhejiang Province. With Jinhua as the center, it is popular in Jinhua, Lishui, Linhai, Jiande, Chun 'an, Yushan, Shangrao, Guixi, Poyang and Jingdezhen in the northeast of Jiangxi. It is composed of six tunes: Gaoqiang, Kunqiang, Luantan, Huizhou Opera, Tan Chun and Shidiao. Because Jinhua was called Wuzhou in ancient times, 1949 was renamed Wuzhou. [Edit this paragraph] History of Wu Opera Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jinhua has always been a business district where salt and silk entered Jiangxi and lacquer and porcelain entered Zhejiang. Coupled with rich products, it has always been a place where various operas compete for beauty. Yiwu dialect, which was popular in the middle of Ming Dynasty, was formed in Jinhua House (now Jinhua, Zhejiang Province) and belongs to Yiwu County. Gao Qiang and Kun Qiang in the late Ming Dynasty, Luantan Qiang in the early Qing Dynasty and Hui Opera in the middle of Qing Dynasty were all popular in Jinhua. Gao Qiang can be divided into Houyang, Xiwu, Xi 'an and Songyang. Houyang Gaoqiang is popular in Dongyang and Yiwu. Some people think it may be a derivative of Yiwu Qiang, who is good at performing martial arts. Xiwu Gaoqiang is named after setting up classes in Xiwu Village, North Township of Jinhua. Its singing is more euphemistic, simple and rolling than Xi 'an Gao Qiang, which is related to the elegant tune of Huichi. Xi's Angao accent is popular in Quzhou, and it was called "Xi" in ancient times, hence the name. According to legend, it is closely related to Yiyang cavity, and some people think it may be the legacy of Xiping cavity. Its tone words are many but few, and it has the characteristics of one release. The above three kinds, all of which are sung by one person, helped by others, played by gongs and drums, and tuned at will. Most high-pitched tunes are characterized by gongs and drums, regardless of strings, one person speaks, everyone is harmonious, and the tone is high and exciting. The high-pitched tunes of Seibu and Songyang are accompanied by bands, which is a unique form of various high-pitched tunes in China. There are many high-pitched tunes, and different plays have their own sets. Use long and short sentences for the first time. Rich repertoire, such as Huaiyin Ji, He Zhuoji, White Rabbit Ji and so on. Kunqu Opera, commonly known as "Cao Kun" and "Jin Kun", is a branch of Kunqu Opera spread in Jinhua. As a result of long-term mobile performances in rural grass platforms and temple fairs, farmers are the main audience, the language is more popular, and the pursuit of plot twists and turns, singing is not limited to four-tone accent, mainly martial arts dramas, industrial dramas and major dramas. After the Ming Dynasty, it has always been regarded as authentic among all the voices of Wu Opera. In fact, Kunqu Opera is a tributary of Quzhou (now Quxian) and Jinhua, and its language and tunes have been simplified or changed in combination with local customs, so it is called "Cao Kun". At present, its repertoire is rarely performed, and some tunes are absorbed by the sweeping tune, such as "Kun Tou", "Xiao Taohong", "Shui Xin Ling" and "Shang Lu Gen". Random play, because the "random play classes" specializing in random play mostly come from Pujiang County, it is also called "Pujiang random play". Fan Er, 357 and Lu Hua are the main singing tunes. In addition to Jinhua, Quzhou and Yanzhou (now Jiande, Zhejiang), its popular areas often perform in Changhua and Tonglu. Second, who has the characteristics of singing in Northern Opera? Some people think that it originated from Western Qin Opera, while others think that it originated from Anhui's blowing and four-tone tune. 357 has the characteristics of southern opera singing, which belongs to early blowing. Some people think that its formation is related to Huizhou, Siping and Taiping in southern Anhui. Reed flowers, on the other hand, originated from the genre of blowpipe, which is the legacy of Huizhou Opera. According to the China Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Opera and Quyi, strumming refers to singing the four tones of "357", "Luhuadiao", "Fan Er" and "Bazi" in Wu drama. "357" and "Luhuadiao" evolved from Anhui "stone tablet cavity", with the flute as the main theme, gorgeous, smooth and stretched, with fewer words and more cavities, and then developed into a "stacked board" with more words and fewer cavities. Fan Er is a tune that evolved from the spread of Shaanxi Opera to the south. In Wu Opera, it developed into four different tunes: ruler, coolie, regular worker and ordinary figure. They have different styles, such as inverted board, original board, flowing water, tight skin, overlapping board, etc., which are gripping and high-pitched. There are also "back plate", "back dragon" and "original plate". According to the nature of tunes, "Fan Er" is generally associated with "357", and "Lu Hua" is associated with "Bazi". There are many plays, such as Lu Trivia, the description of Shirley May and Pearl Shirt. Anhui opera was introduced from southern Anhui. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Anhui people moved to Jinhua, mostly engaged in business, and Huizhou opera also flowed in with the commercial route. There are more than 30 local Huizhou classes in Jinhua and Quzhou, and only about 19 18 local courses have more than 10. Huizhou Class of Five Dramas has its own style, which is dominated by ancient Huizhou tunes such as plucking, reed flowers and blowing cavity. Singing Xipi and Huanger, his performance is rough, bold, simple and healthy. His plays include The Second Palace, Famen Temple and Qinglong Club. Among them, performance styles such as "burning fire" and "throwing water away" are rare in today's Pihuang dramas. Beach spring is said to have originated from the beach spring in Suzhou. During the reign of Qianlong and Jiaqing (1936- 1820), Tan Chun, a folk art artist, took a singing class in Jinhua. Some people think that Tanquan was brought in by a flower boat girl who traveled between Quzhou and Lanjiang. First, there was an amateur singing class, and then it was transformed into a drama by Wu Opera artists, which became one of the voices of Wu Opera. There are "Pujiang Beach Spring", "Lanxi Beach Spring" and "Dongyang Beach Spring". Plays include "Monks and nuns", "Broken Bridge" and "Peony Comes to Class". After liberation, the traditional plays "Monks and nuns" and "Broken Bridge" have made new creations in script and performance. Time tune is the general name of popular folk operas since Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are folk songs of Ming and Qing Dynasties, Nangong, Youtan and local minor. It is evolved from local folk songs, songs and dances, and it is a kind of voice that sings small plays of rural life. Plays include Walking in Guangdong, Selling Cotton Yarn, and Wang Po Scolding Chicken. The above six vocal cords are not mixed in one play, but each vocal cord has several special plays. At first, Gao Qiang, Kun Qiang and Luantan were independently arranged, and later developed into combined classes with different combinations. This troupe sings both high, Kun and Luan, commonly known as the "Trinity Class". Later, Anhui Opera was introduced to Jinhua, and some three-in-one classes abandoned high-pitched singing and sang Anhui Opera, while others sang Sanqu. After that, it absorbed the tunes of spring and time on the beach.