Guan Yu defeated Maicheng (introduction)

In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), in December, Liu Bei led his troops into Bashu, took Yizhou, and Guan Yu stayed in Jingzhou. Guan Yu was given 500 Jin of gold, 50 million Liang of silver 1000 Jin and 1000 Jin because Yizhou was peaceful.

Jingzhou, including Nanyang, Nanjun, Jiangxia, Wuling, Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling, is a strategic place for Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao occupied Nanyang County and the northern part of Nanjun County, while Sun Quan occupied Jiangxia County and the southern part of Nanjun County. The so-called "borrowing Jingzhou" means that Sun Quan lent Liu Bei the southern part of Nanjun, which he occupied. In the second year of Liu Bei's acquisition of Yizhou (2 15), Sun Quan sent Zhu Gejin as a special envoy to discuss with Liu Bei and demanded that several counties in the south of Jingzhou be returned to Dongwu. Liu Bei refused, and Sun Quan sent a group of officials to take over Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang counties. Guan Yu resolutely refused, and all the officials sent by Sun Quan were blown back. In a rage, Sun Quan immediately sent Lv Meng to lead 20,000 soldiers and horses to forcibly seize these three counties. After Lv Meng captured Changsha and Guiyang counties, Liu Bei quickly led 50,000 troops to the public security, and sent Guan Yu to lead 30,000 military forces to Yiyang to recapture these two counties. Sun Quan also personally went to Lukou and sent Lu Su to lead 10,000 soldiers and horses in Yiyang to refuse Guan Yu. Wu Dong's army and Guan Yu's army are camped in Yiyang, facing each other.

Lu Su didn't want Sun and Liu to be at odds, so he invited Guan Yu to meet him. Both sides took hundreds of steps back and set up a tent for negotiation in the middle. The generals attending the meeting are only allowed to take a single knife for self-defense, and are not allowed to take soldiers. Guan Yu was invited to attend the meeting with his bodyguard Zhou Cang. This is the famous "going to the meeting alone". At the beginning of the talks, Lu Su asked Guan Yu why he didn't return Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang to Soochow. Guan Yu said: "In the battle of Wulin (that is, Battle of Red Cliffs, Wulin is on the other side of Chibi, so this is said), General Zuo (referring to Liu Bei) personally went into battle and defeated the enemy with Soochow. Does this mean that he shouldn't even get a piece of land? " How can you say that you want to return these places to Soochow? Lu Su said: "The territory of Wu Dong is very small. It was only because of the fear of Liu Yuzhou (referring to Liu Bei, who was a shepherd in Yuzhou at that time) that Cao Jun defeated him and gave him a place to live. After Battle of Red Cliffs, he lent him Nanjun. Now that Liu Yuzhou has won Yizhou, it is time to return Jingzhou to Soochow. We don't want all Jingzhou, and we don't want Nanjun to retreat. We only want Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang. If you don't even agree with this, it would be unreasonable. " At this moment, Zhou Cang glared at one side and said loudly, "All the places in the world can live by virtue. How can it be a family forever? "Guan Yu put his hand on the hilt and winked at Zhou Cang, deliberately blaming him and saying," This is a national event. See if it's weird "! Get out! "Zhou Cang knowing, immediately go out to prepare military forces to meet guan yu. Guan Yu also bid farewell to Lu Su, saying, "I will definitely tell General Zuo what you said and then discuss it." Lu Su also politely sent Guan Yu out.

After Guan Yu came back, he sent someone to report to Liu Bei about going to the meeting alone. At this time, because Liu Bei learned that Cao Cao was leading an army to attack Hanzhong, he was worried about being attacked before and after and losing Yizhou. He took the initiative to make peace with Sun Quan. The two sides agreed to divide Jingzhou equally, and Jiangxia, Changsha and Guiyang east of Xiangshui belonged to Sun Quan. Nanjun, Lingling and Wuling to the west of Xiangshui belong to Liu Bei.

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Guan Yu, who was holed up in Jingzhou, was named as "Xiangyang satrap", while Jingzhou towns such as Xiangyang and Fancheng were still controlled by Cao Cao. In order to realize Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei's plan of crossing Jingzhou and Yizhou in Longzhong Dui, when the time is ripe, Jingzhou Army will go straight to Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan Province) and Luoyi Army will go west (now southwest of Shaanxi Province) to complete the great cause of reunification. Guan Yu has been eyeing Xiang Hefan.

In the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), Liu Bei defeated Cao Bing in Hanzhong, and Cao Cao had to quit Hanzhong. So, with the support of officials, Liu Bei became the king of Hanzhong. Guan Yu was appointed as a former general and given a cymbal.

In June of that year, after Liu Bei won Hanzhong, he sent Meng Da and Liu Feng to capture Fangling and Shang Yong in the east of Hanzhong County, and his influence expanded. In July, Sun Quan wanted to attack and merge. Most of Wei Jun mobilized Huainan to guard against Wu Jun, and Guan Yu, who was guarding Jingzhou, seized the fighter plane, leaving Nanjun (governing Jiangling, now Hubei) as the satrap, Mi Fang as the shoujiang, and Fu Shiren as the public security general (now northwest Hubei), leading the main force to attack Jingxiang in the north.

Xiangyang and Fancheng face each other across the Han River, forming an angle, which is a strategic place for Cao Jun to resist the southward migration. When General Wei Zhennan Cao Ren was stationed in Fancheng (now Xiangfan, Hubei), General Lu was stationed in Xiangyang. After he withdrew from Hanzhong to Chang 'an, he sent Huang Xu, the general of Pingkou, to support Coss and stationed in Wancheng (now Nanyang, Henan). After the Battle of Fancheng started, Cao Cao sent General Zuo Liangyu and General Pound Li Yi to assist in the defense and stayed in the north of Fancheng.

Yu Jin is not familiar with the climate and geography in the south. Coss asked him and Pound to station troops in the north of Fancheng, and the city echoed each other. He didn't consider the low terrain there, so he took all his seven troops there to station. In August, it rained cats and dogs, the Hanshui River soared, and the water depth of the flat land was tens of feet. The seventh army of Yu and Jin was flooded, so a few soldiers had to take refuge in Gao Fu. Guan Yu stormed by warship and was forced to surrender after abstinence. Pound led a group of people to continue their desperate battle, fighting from morning until noon, and then fighting hand to hand. Some soldiers died in battle and some surrendered. Guan Yu stepped up his attack, at the same time, the water level rose even more fiercely, the earth embankment was flooded, and Cao Cao's army all surrendered. Pound wanted to take a boat back to Coss Camp, but the water was too strong, the boat capsized, he was captured and died unyielding.

Guan Yu attacked Fancheng, and the army surrounded Xiangyang. There are only a few thousand defenders in Fancheng, and the city walls collapsed in many places because of flooding. Coss once considered giving up Fancheng, but was dissuaded by Man Chong, the satrap of Runa who assisted Coss. Man Chong thought, "Mountains and rivers are developing rapidly, I hope it won't last long. Yu Wen sent other generals to Tannan (now jia county, Henan Province), but the people disturbed them and dared not enter, fearing that our army would slap their ears. Escaped today, there will be no country south of the Red River. You just wait "(reflection Shu Wei Man Chong) Coss vowed to the death, inspiring soldiers Qi Xin to work together and fight bravely.

Despite the storm, he was unable to disembark for a while. At this time, Hu Xiu's secretariat Wei Jingzhou and Nanxiang (governing Nanxiang, now southeast of Xichuan, Henan Province) surrendered to Guan Yu and Lu Hun (now northeast of Songxian County, Henan Province), killed officials and began to respond to Guan Yu. Guan Yu's momentum was "a great shock to China" ("The Story of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Guan Yu Biography").

Cao Cao was threatened and once prepared to move the capital, but was dissuaded by Prime Minister Sima Yi, Cao Xun and Jiang Ji. They think: "The Forbidden City was lost because of water, not because of war. Moving the capital without being damaged by the national economy shows that the enemy is weak and disturbing. Sun Quan and Liu Bei are proud of their feathers, but they are unwilling. It can be said that the place was right. Later, Fan Wei explained it himself (The Book of Jin Xuandi Biography).

For the benefit of fishermen, Cao Cao adopted this strategy of using contradictions to destroy the alliance between Sun and Liu, and sent messengers to see Sun Quan. At the same time, Huang Xu was ordered to lead an army to rescue Coss. When Huang Xu entered Yanglingpi (north of Fancheng), Cao Caopai generals Xu Shang and Lv Jian ordered that they should not attack unless the subsequent reinforcements were assembled. At that time, Guan Yu was in front of Tunpu City (about five miles north of Fancheng), and Huang Xu pretended to build a long moat to cut off the rear road of the Shu army. Afraid of being besieged, the Shu army burned its camp and withdrew. Huang Xujun entered Yancheng and gradually approached the besieged Shu army.

At the beginning, Zhuge Liang said in "Longzhong Dui": "If there is a scenic spot across the river, it will protect its rock resistance, make progress in the west, help Yiyue in the south, bind Sun Quan outside, and repair politics inside. The world has changed, and the soldiers of Jingzhou will be sent to Wanluo early in the morning. General (Liu Bei) led many people from Yizhou out of Qinchuan, and the people didn't eat to meet the general (The Story of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu, Zhuge Liang Chuan)? It means that after Liu Bei has acquired the inheritance of Jing and Yi, he must form a solid alliance with Sun Quan before he can go north to pacify the Central Plains. It can be seen that the alliance between Sun and Liu is the basis for Liu Bei to establish the Central Plains in the north. However, due to the following reasons, there are obvious cracks in this alliance:

One is the ownership of Jingzhou. Jingzhou, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, is strategically important to Sun, Liu and Cao. Cao Cao once wanted to occupy Jingzhou and unify the whole country, but Battle of Red Cliffs failed his dream. Sun's group has always regarded Jingzhou as a battlefield. Because Jingzhou is upstream, as long as it is in the hands of others, it is in a passive position. After the end of Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao had to lend Jingzhou to Liu Bei temporarily in order to continue to unite with him. However, after Liu Bei obtained Yizhou, he had no intention of returning Jingzhou.

Second, Guan Yu lacked a correct understanding of the Sun-Liu Alliance. He is self-reliant and brave, and has always been arrogant and disrespectful to Sun Shi Group. Lu Su saw him alone and begged for Jingzhou. Although he was in the wrong, he refused to solve the problem properly from the perspective of the joint efforts of the two families. Sun Quan sent messengers to propose to Guan Yu's daughter for his son. Guan Yu not only refused to agree to this marriage, but also scolded the messenger, and the relationship between the two sides became more and more rigid.

Third, Lu Su, a courtier of Dongwu who thought that he should reconcile with Liu Bei Group and refused Cao Cao, has died, while other courtiers who replaced Lu Su, such as Monroe, thought that Guan Yu had always been brave and had the ambition to annex Wu, so they asked to send troops to deal with Guan Yu. He said: "Besides, the monarch and his subjects are proud of their cunning power, and they can't treat others with their hearts" (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Wu Shu Monroe).

Therefore, after receiving Cao Cao's letter, Sun Quan readily agreed. So he called Lv Meng back to Jianye to discuss the plan of taking Nanjun. Guan Yu also knew that the alliance between Sun and Liu was not consolidated. At this time, he should not only seize Fancheng, but also guard against Sun Quan's attack on Jingzhou. He saw Wu Dong general Lv Meng stationed in Lukou, and repeatedly told Elk Fang and Fu Shiren to guard Jingzhou carefully, leaving most of their troops in Nanjun, fortifying along the river, setting up watchtowers and building beacon towers in twenty or thirty miles. Knowing that Guan Yu was well-defended and impeccable, Lv Meng pretended to be seriously ill and wrote to Sun Quan asking him to go back and recuperate. Sun Quan publicly ordered Lu Meng to be sent back to Jianye for illness. Lv Meng recommended Lu Xun to replace himself. At that time, Lu Xun was young and promising, but unknown. He was appointed as the captain of Ding Wei. Sun Quan appointed him as a partial general and a right-wing governor to replace Lu Meng. After Lu Xun arrived, he sent messengers to send gifts and a letter to Guan Yu. The letter praised Guan Yu for driving the Seventh Army and winning the battle of Chengpu. Han Xin defeated Zhao, and encouraged Guan Yu to exert his strength and achieve a complete victory. Guan Yu saw that Lu Xun was a nobody and was so respectful and sincere to himself. He boldly assured that most of Jingzhou's troops were transferred to Fancheng one after another. He planned to capture Fancheng before Huang Xu's troops arrived and the flood did not completely recede. He personally ordered the siege to be stepped up, but Coss still insisted. Lu Xun reported to Sun Quan in detail about Guan Yu's transfer of troops, and expounded his view that Guan Yu could be captured alive in World War I.

Guan Yu has more and more military forces in Xiangfan, and tens of thousands of new troops who are forbidden to surrender are short of food. Mi Fang and Fu Shiren, the satrap of Nanjun County, were blamed for not delivering enough food and grass. He was furious and said, "It's not too late to cure" (The Story of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu, Guan Yu Chuan), so he rebelled. Later, in order to solve the urgent need, Guan Yu seized the grain stored in Wudong Xiangguan without authorization. When Sun Quan learned that the time was ripe, he appointed Monroe as the viceroy and sent troops to attack Guan Yu's rear.

In that year 1 1 month, Lu Meng led his troops out of the front air-raid shelter and arrived in Xunyang (now northeast of Guangji, Hubei). He ambushed elite soldiers in disguised merchant ships, dressed soldiers in white, disguised as businessmen, called the people to paddle and paddle, traveled day and night, flew back to the river and attacked Jiangling. Everything is very hidden and mysterious. Shu soldiers stationed in Jiang Fang were deceived by Wu Jun in disguise and caught off guard. All captured, Jiangling city is empty and chaotic. First, let Yu Fan, the former riding captain, write a letter to lure Fu Shiren, the Shu general stationed in the public security (now Hubei Gongan North), and then let Fu Shiren lead Wu Jun to land and defend Mi Fang, the satrap of Jiangling Shunan County. Usually they are unhappy because Guan Yu is arrogant to them. This time, they heard that Guan Yu was coming back to punish them, but they were even more afraid. So in the case of Enemy at the Gates, Wu Dongjun, they offered to rush out of the city. So Lu Meng led the army into Jiangling and recovered Jingzhou, which Shu had occupied for a long time. After entering Jiangling, Monroe won the favor of Guan Yu and his generals. He gave them preferential treatment and comfort and ordered the army not to harass the people. He also cared about the people in the city, gave medicine to the sick, and gave food and clothing to the hungry and cold, which quickly restored the order in the city. Guan Yu was proud and despised the enemy, unaware of Monroe's attack.

Cao Cao's emissary returned to Luoyang with a tip-off from Sun Quan, saying that he would send troops to the west to crusade against Guan Yu, but please keep it a secret in case Guan Yu knew that he was prepared. Most of Cao Cao's subordinates think that Sun Quan should keep a secret. Dong Zhao, a counselor, disagreed and thought it should be kept secret and leaked. Guan Yu knew that Sun Quan was coming to attack. If he withdrew his troops to defend, the siege of Fancheng would be solved by himself. Guan Yu went back to the south to fight against Sun Quan, and the two enemies fought against each other, which just took advantage. It's not good for me to keep it a secret and let Sun Quan gain power. Moreover, the besieged soldiers have not been rescued for a long time, worried about lack of food, and people are in panic. Once an accident happens, the situation will be difficult to clean up. Therefore, it is better to leak. Cao Cao accepted Dong Zhao's suggestion and asked Huang Xu to shoot the contents of Sun Quan's secret letter into Fancheng and Guanyuying respectively. After the besieged Wei Jun received the letter, his morale doubled and his defense became stronger. After getting the letter, Guan Yu was afraid of being caught between Scylla and Charybdis, but he didn't want to give up all his previous efforts. At the same time, he judged that Jiangling and the public security Yugoslav capital were strong. If Wu Jun really attacked, it would be impossible to conquer for a while, so he was in a dilemma. At this point, Cao Cao has led the main force from Luoyang to Mobei (now southeast of jia county, Henan Province), and successively sent Yin Department, Zhu Gai and other 12 battalions to Yancheng, under the command. The main force of Guan Yu's army is around his head, one is four graves. Huang Xu used a diversion tactic, threatened to attack Weitou, but unexpectedly raided Sizhu. Guan Yu was afraid of losing four graves, so he led five thousand soldiers and was defeated by Huang Xu. When he retreated from the camp, Huang Xu led the army to chase him, and then rushed into the camp. At that time, Guan Yu's camp was surrounded by deep ditches and ten corners, and the obstacle facilities were extremely strict. It is difficult to storm from outside the camp. Today, taking advantage of his army's chaos, he raided from the inside, broke it in one fell swoop, and killed Shu Hu Xiu and Fu Fang. When Guan learned that Jiangling had been captured, he was shocked and left, and Fan Cheng breathed a sigh of relief. Coss department is eager to pursue the victory. Zhao Yan, who joined the army, thought that Guan Yu should keep some troops against Sun Quan and should not pursue them. Coss agreed with Zhao Yan and did not deploy pursuit. When Cao Cao learned the news of Guan Yu's retreat, he sent someone to convey the order not to pursue Guan Yu.

When Guan Yu withdrew his troops and returned, Sun Quan had already arrived in Jiangling and sent Lu Xun to capture Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei) and Zigui (now Zigui, Hubei), thus cutting off Guan Yu's retreat into Sichuan. On his way back to the army, Guan Yu sent people to Jiangling for information many times. Every time, Monroe waited on the emissary and let the emissary visit around the city. When the emissary returned to Guan Yu's army, the soldiers knew that their homes were safe and their fighting spirit was exhausted, and most of them gave up halfway. Guan Yu knew that he was lonely, so he sent someone to ask Liu Feng and Meng Da, the Shu generals stationed in Shang Yong, for help. The two men refused to support him on the grounds that Shang Yong was new here. Guan Yu was in a dilemma and was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, so he went west to Maicheng (now southeast of Dangyang, Hubei). At this time, Lu Xun moved westward and seized Yidu. Seeing that Maicheng was attacked on three sides, east, west and south, Guan Yu decided to break through and return to Xichuan.

Lv Meng knew Guan Yu and serenade, and expected that he would flee to the north via Maicheng, so he sent his troops in advance and buried him. In December, Sun Quan sent messengers to Maicheng to persuade Guan Yu to surrender. Guan Yu suggested that Wu Jun retreat ten miles and meet at the south gate. Lv Meng really retreated ten miles, waiting for Guan Yu to surrender. Guan Yu and his son Guan Ping took the opportunity to sneak out of the north gate and flee to the west. They were captured by Pan Zhang's general Ma Zhong and killed with his son Guan Xing. They died at the age of about 58. Liu Bei chased Guan Yu as a strong Miao Hou, and his son Guan Xingsi.

Both Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are mentioned in The Reflection of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Guan Macelo Wong Zhao Chuan: "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are enemies of ten thousand people, and they are all tiger ministers in the world. Feathering Cao Gong, flying Yan Yan, has the wind of a national scholar. But the feather is just proud, flying violently without grace, and it is normal to defeat with short service. " He also said: "I am kind to the foot soldiers, arrogant to the scholar-officials, and fly to love the gentleman regardless of the villain." That's true.

First, Taoyuan became sworn.

In A.D. 162, a huge baby was born in an ordinary farmer's home in Yuncheng, Shanxi. At that time, no one expected that the baby would later become a famous star in Chisha Fengyun. Guan Yu, a famous revolutionist, strategist, politician, thinker, diplomat, martial artist and national player of Go in Shu and Han Dynasties.

Comrade Guan Yu liked reading when he was young, but because his family was poor and he couldn't afford to go to school, he had to eavesdrop on his lectures outside the private school when he was herding cattle. The young student has a good memory and never forgets what he heard, especially the story of revolutionary martyrs in Spring and Autumn Annals. It was not until Comrade Guan Yu's later years that he learned the account in the book by heart.

Guan Yu was gifted with martial arts when he was young. He groped out a method of chopping wood and cutting grass by himself. He later killed those counter-revolutionaries like mowing grass, which stems from his efforts and constant exploration in his youth, and he became a martial arts expert in this field.

In A.D. 184, when Comrade Guan Yu was 22 years old, the world was in chaos and the Yellow Scarf Party rebelled. Coupled with years of famine, people live in poverty. In Comrade Guan Yu's hometown, bullies are rampant, and Guan Yu doesn't like what bullies do. In a rage, he took two kitchen knives and cut down the bully family. This is the famous "rebellion with two kitchen knives"

Later, Comrade Guan Yu resolutely ran away, left his child bride at home and embarked on the road of seeking revolution for the country and the people. In order to avoid the enemy's pursuit, Comrade Guan Yu changed the word to Yunchang.

At that time, Guan Yu, with sincere heart and deep hatred for the reactionary class, wanted to take refuge in the Yellow Scarf Party to save the people from fire and water, but he quickly recognized the nature of the reactionary cult organization, left the reactionary ranks and began his exile. (Note 1)

Comrade Guan Yu lived by selling mung beans during his five years in exile. He buys and sells aboveboard and never lacks money. While doing business, he paid great attention to observing people's feelings, and at the same time he was constantly exploring the truth of the revolution. During this period, he wrote articles such as "Investigation Report on Peasant Movement in Fifty Counties" (Note 2). At that time, Comrade Guan Yu made a great wish to serve the country with his own body: the revolution was unsuccessful, he would not get married or shave. (Note 3)

In A.D. 189, that is, when Comrade Guan Yu was 27 years old, in Hezhuo County, Comrade Guan Yu got to know Liu Bei, the former president of Shu Han, a revolutionary, a thinker, a strategist, a politician, a traveler, a performing artist, one of the founders of Lala Sect and the great savior of Shu Han people, who changed his life, thus finding an organization, seeing the light and turning a new page in history.

Since then, Comrade Guan Yu, Comrade Liu Bei and another founder of the Republic of China, Comrade Zhang Fei, have formed the leading core of the First Special Zone of the Republic of China. The feelings of these three great comrades-in-arms and brothers have become models for future generations. Under their leadership, a team was quickly formed. With the donations of democrats Su Shuang and Zhang Shiping, they had their own funds and weapons and started their first attack on the reactionary forces.