Fortune Telling Collection - Fortune-telling birth date - The significance of science
The significance of science
The Evolution and Meaning of the Word "Science"
It is said that "Wen Jiezi Ke": "From grain to bucket, bucket is also measured"; So the word "science" is named after the meaning of "measured knowledge". China traditionally called all knowledge "knowledge", while in ancient times, knowledge about natural things was called "physics" [1], so ancient physics was a natural science, and mathematics was independent of "physics". The word "science" was first used by Japanese academic circles in modern times, which corresponds to the corresponding vocabulary in English science and other European languages. In European languages, this word comes from Latin scientia, which means "knowledge" and "learning". In modern times, it focuses on the knowledge about nature, while in the Ming Dynasty, China called it "Gezhi", that is, learning from things to express the knowledge gained from studying natural things. Many scientific books published before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 were titled "Gezhi" or "Wu Ge". After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, China set off a climax of learning modern western science and technology. In the late Qing Dynasty, Japan, which was at the forefront of modernization, mainly studied modern science and technology. Many people think that Kang Youwei is probably the first scholar in China to use the word "science". His Japanese bibliography lists books such as Introduction to Science and Principles of Science. During the Revolution of 1911, China people used the word "science" more and more frequently, and the words "science" and "ambition" coexisted. During the Republic of China, the word "science" replaced "ambition" through the scientific communication activities of China Science Society.
From the perspective of accuracy, verifiability and universal recognition, the word science refers to natural science. Science in a broad sense includes science and technology and sociology. In China, textbooks generally divide science into natural science (or science) and social science (or liberal arts). In China, concepts such as psychology and philosophy (different from science) are considered indistinguishable from natural science and social science. Therefore, the word "science" is often used vaguely. Engineering disciplines are called engineering and science and engineering, and liberal arts and science are also called liberal arts and science.
According to Modern Chinese Dictionary (Dictionary Editorial Room, Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 1978), the scientific explanation is:
A branch of knowledge system that reflects the objective laws of nature, society and thinking.
Conform to science (spirit, method, etc.). ).
For the understanding of science, a theory that is considered to be in line with facts or verified by experiments is called science, and a wrong theory is not in line with science. Another view holds that all knowledge is science. In the field of verifiable knowledge and science, there are right and wrong scientific views. In the process of human cognitive development, we will constantly examine and determine which of the existing and new scientific viewpoints and theories are correct and which are wrong. Moreover, with the broadening and deepening of human cognition, some scientific theories that are recognized as correct on the basis of our cognitive limitations today may be verified as incorrect in the future.
Definition of science and definition of related words
Scientific definition: a summary of the law of material change under certain conditions. The characteristics of science: repeatable verification, falsifiability and self-consistency.
Popular science is short for popularization of science. Telling one's own arguments and conclusions, so that readers can verify that this conclusion is a repeatable regular (scientific) process, which is called popular science.
Superstition means that you don't want the listener to verify it, but you just want the listener to accept the form of communication that expresses your views. Unconfirmed acceptance is also superstition.
Definition of Enlightenment: When some people who don't understand new theories, especially children, don't have the ability to verify scientific knowledge, they can only simply remember the results and apply scientific knowledge. This educational method that ignores the process of proof is called enlightenment. The common reasoning method of the enlightener is to explain the truth with some similar common sense that the enlightener knows, rather than telling the process of scientific proof. Moreover, we know that due to different conditions, similar truth may be different from reality, so enlightenment can not be applied to the debate of scientific theory. Superstition is not necessarily wrong, everyone is not all-rounder, and will trust the authority and experts of superstition to a greater or lesser extent without verifying them. So superstition is not terrible. But if you can't tell science from superstition, you may not know science from pseudoscience.
Philosophy is human's thinking and understanding of the world, so it is divided into subjective and objective; Science is a repeatable objective law, so philosophy includes science. The method of subjective understanding of the world has been abandoned by most people, because they usually only look at problems from a personal point of view. If others don't know the point of view of the discussant, they may not be able to reach a consistent conclusion. However, if people consider opinions and discuss them objectively, it will become science.
Objective definition: do not look at affairs from the perspective of a specific person, that is, the attributes of the affairs themselves, and do not shift from people's will.
the domain of science
natural science
Space science (space science)
archaeoastronomy
astrobiology,exobiology
space chemistry
astrodynamics
Astrometry
astronomy
astrophysics
Solar system chemistry
Galactic astronomy
Galactic astronomy
Physical cosmology
astrogeology
planetology
Solar astronomy
astrology
[Editor] Earth Science
biogeography
graphics
climatology
Coastal geography
geodesy
geography
geology
topography
geostatistics
geophysics
Glaciology
hydrology
hydrogeology
mineralogy
aerography
oceanology
palaeoclimatology
palaeontology
lithology
limnology
seismology
land science
Remote sensing survey
vulcanology
[Editor] Environmental Science
environmental sciences
environmental chemistry
Environmental geoscience
Environmental land science
[Editor] Life Science
dissect
Astrobiology, outer space biology
biochemistry
bioinformatics
biology
biophysics
biological engineering
botany
cytobiology
Affinity branch classification
cytology
Genetic biology
ecology
embryology
insectology
epidemiology
Animal behaviorism
Evolution (evolutionary biology)
Evolutionary developmental biology
freshwater biology
eugenics
Genetics (population genetics, genomics, protein genomics)
microanatomy
immunology
marine biology
microbiology
molecular biology
morphology
neurosciences
ontogeny
algology
Phylogenetics
Anthropology
physiatrics
physiology
population dynamics
Structural biology
taxology
toxicology
virology
creatural
[edit] chemistry
analytical chemistry
chromatography
spectroscopy
biochemistry
molecular biology
environmental chemistry
geochemistry
inorganic chemistry
materials science
nanotechnology
pharmaceutical chemistry
nuclear chemistry
organic chemistry
Organometallic chemistry
pharmacology
pharmaceutics
physical chemistry
electrochemistry
quantum chemistry
high polymer chemistry
Supramolecular chemistry
theoretical chemistry
computational chemistry
stereochemistry
thermochemistry
[Editor] Physics
acoustics
soil physics
Atomic, molecular and optical physics
biophysics
computational physics
Condensation physics
low-temperature physics
mechanics
fluid dynamics
geophysics
materials science
Mathematical physics
mechanics
Nuclear physics
optics
Particle physics (or high energy physics)
Plasma physics
Polymer physics
thermodynamics
statics
Solid state physics
Vehicle dynamics
[Editor] Social Science
[Editor] Anthropology
applied anthropology
religious anthropology
archaeology
cultural anthropology
ethnobiology
ethnography
ethnics
National poetics
Science of human development
Human sexology
Experimental Archaeology
Archaeology
anthropological linguistics
Human medicine
Human physics
Human psychology
Animal archaeology
[Editor] Economics
Macroeconomics
microeconomics
behavioral economics
Life economics
economics for development
econometrics
Geo-economics
economic history
economic sociology
energy economics
Entrepreneur economics
environmental economics
Economics advocates equality between men and women
Financial economics
Green economics
Industrial organization theory
International economics
Institutional economics
Islamic economics
labor economics
Law and economics
managerial economics
mathematical economics
monetary economics
Economic physics
fiscal science
public economics
Platform economics
Real estate economics
Resource economics
socialist economics
economics of welfare
computational economics
econometrics
evolutionary economics
Experimental economics
social psychology
Neuroeconomics
political economics
economic sociology
Transport economy
[Editor] Psychology
behavior analysis
biopsychology
cognitive psychology
Clinical psychology
Cultural psychology
developmental psychology
educational psychology
experimental psychology
Court psychology
health psychology
humanistic psychology
Enterprise and organizational psychology
Neuropsychology
personality psychology
determinism
Religious psychology
Psychophysics
Material psychology
consciousness
social psychology
[edit] geography
Linguistics [editor]
historical linguistics
word-building
phonetics
phonology
semantics
semeiology
grammar
origin of a word
[Editor] Politics
[Editor] Sociology
criminology
demography
[Editor] Applied Science
[Editor] Cognitive Science
Cognitive neuroscience
cognitive psychology
neurosciences
linguistic psychology
[Editor] Computer Science
Computational theory
Theory of automatic mechanical devices (formal grammar)
Computability theory
Computational complexity theory
Cooperative theory
algorithm
Randomization algorithm
Decentralized algorithm
Parallel algorithm
data structure
computer system formation
VLSI design
operating system
computer network
information theory
Internet, global information network
Wireless network (mobile network)
Computer control and performance
cryptology
Fault-tolerant algorithm
Decentralized computing
grid computing
parallel computing
High performance algorithm
quantum computer
Computer graphics and images
image processing
Scientific image
computing geometry
software engineering
Formal procedure (formal verification)
programming language
Programming paradigm
object-oriented programming
Functional programming
formal semantics
Type theory
compilers
Synchronous programming language
information science
database
relational database
distributed database
object database
Multimedia, hypermedia
data mining
IR
artificial intelligence
cognitive science
Automatic reasoning
machine learning
artificial neural network
Natural language processing (computational linguistics)
Computer vision
Expert system
Mechanical anthropology
human-computer interaction
Use computers in mathematics, science, engineering and medicine.
numerical analysis
Symbolic calculation
Digital computer theory
Mathematical computer science
Scientific computer science
Biocomputer science
Physical computer science
Chemical computer science
Neuroscience computer science
Computer aided engineering
finite element analysis
Computational fluid mechanics
Using computers in social sciences, liberal arts and humanities majors
Economic computer science
Social computer science
Financial engineering
Digital humanities
Information system (information management system)
information technology
information management system (IMS)
medical informatics
Computer and society
Computer use history
Humanistic informatics
Public informatics
[edit] engineering
aeronautical engineering
Aerospace Engineering
agricultural engineering
agro-science
Biomedical Engineering
chemical engineering
civil engineering
Computer engineering
control engineering
electrical engineering
Language engineering
ocean engineering
mechanical engineering
Manufacturing engineering
Mineral engineering
nuclear technology
software engineering
Transportation engineering
[Editor] Health Science
environmental medicine
Dentistry
epidemiology
Medical science
veterinarian
physiatrics
[Editor] Medicine
internal medicine
surgical operation
gynaecology
paediatrics
psychiatry
neurology
dermatology
ophthalmology
otolaryngology
Imaging diagnostics
anaesthesiology
Rehabilitation science
preventive medicine
dissect
physiology
pathology
physiopathology
immunology
pharmacology
toxicology
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