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China's "martial arts first" emperor Zhao Kuangyin.

Author: Anonymous update date: March 2005-12

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Zhao Kuangyin was born in a military family in Jiamaying, Luoyang on February 16th, the second year of the late Tang Dynasty (AD 927). His father, Zhao Yinhong, used to be the imperial general in the later Tang Dynasty, and later became the commander of the imperial right wing in the later Zhou Dynasty, leading the defense of Yuezhou, which was regarded as an intermediate general. According to historical records, Zhao Kuangyin was born with "red light around the room, strange fragrance lingering, golden body, unchanged for three days" and so on. But these records are not credible. YiWen Zhao Kuang Yin himself said, "If we can know the son of heaven and the prime minister from dusty alleys, people can find them." It can be seen that destiny is just made up by those rigid historians by accident.

Zhao Kuangyin was born in the troubled times of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms shortly after the demise of the Tang Dynasty. In the Five Dynasties, force was the only thing that mattered. It can be said that "one shot is the king of grass", and benevolence and morality have been obliterated. Therefore, although he studied for several years, he was more interested in knives, guns and clubs, and he was born with strong bones and thick skin. Zhao Kuangyin, a teenager, is known as the "first martial art" among emperors, and even has the reputation of "killing the world with one stick". At the age of twenty-one, Zhao Kuangyin got married. It was also in this year that he suddenly decided to go out and make a venture.

"Mencius" said: "Heaven will take great responsibility for the people of Sri Lanka, and they must first suffer their minds and work hard for their bones and muscles." This is the most appropriate statement about Zhao Kuangyin. Zhao Kuangyin came out from home and wandered around, but he ran into a wall everywhere, leaving his relatives and friends empty. Over time, even food and clothing became a problem. One day, he saw several people gambling and wanted to try his luck. This time, he really won. However, some hooligans who lose money don't know that this is the day after tomorrow. Several people ganged up to beat Zhao Kuangyin. Brave as Zhao Kuangyin was, he was beaten black and blue by wolves. At this point, Zhao Kuangyin was a little discouraged. He lived in a temple and had three meals with a monk. The old monk in the temple was very optimistic about him and said to him, "I will give you some money." If you go to the north, you will be lucky. " At that time, Liu Zhiyuan died of illness shortly after he proclaimed himself emperor, and Liu Chengyou, a young Yin Di, succeeded to the throne, which aggravated various contradictions within the ruling group of the later Han Dynasty. Zhao Siwan launched a mutiny in Chang 'an, rebelled with Jingchong Wang, our time in Fengxiang, and Li Shouzhen, the protector of the country, was also very close to the Liao Dynasty, claiming to be the king of Qin and rebelled in Tongguan. Three towns even rebelled, and Bianjing shook. Yin Di soon sent Guo Wei, the special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, to crusade. This time, Guo Wei took the opportunity to recruit and expand his power. The old monk instructed him to go north, probably to let him go to Guo Wei to look for opportunities, while Guo Wei was stationed in Yedu. At this time of Zhao Kuangyin, there was no ambition at first, and there was no other way out, so we had to go north. It is said that on his way to the north, he passed a temple and saw many people burning incense for divination, so he went in and made a divination for himself. For the first time, he was very modest. Can he attend a primary school in the future? I didn't expect the result of divination to be unlucky. If so, several divinations are unlucky, and they are still unlucky. Almost all possibilities have been guessed. Disappointed, Zhao Kuangyin simply asked him if he could become the son of heaven. As a result, divination was unlucky. However, this legend is very doubtful. The sacredness of the emperor is well known in feudal society. No matter how arrogant Zhao Kuangyin is, he can't tell fortune or be an emperor. This is as incredible as the omen when he was born. However, one of his poems has been handed down to later generations, but it is very credible. It is said that when he was roaming, he saw several poor literati singing poems at sunrise, shaking their heads and being pedantic and ridiculous, and he blurted out an impromptu work:

The sun shines first,

Qian Shan is full of water.

A bullet went to heaven in an instant,

Drive away the stars and the waning moon.

This poem has always been regarded as the emperor's, but it is actually the same as the emperor's poem. Only when Zhao Kuangyin became emperor, was this poem considered as imperial. If he is only a prime minister, then poetry is only a "prime minister".

He went to the military camp in Guo Wei and was soon promoted and reused. Guo Wei was heavily armed and soon proclaimed himself emperor in a sergeant mutiny. This is the emperor of the Zhou Dynasty. Zhao Kuangyin not only made great contributions to the neutrality of the mutiny, but also realized that it was not difficult to be the son of heaven. As long as he has the military power in his hand, he can naturally sit on it, which is an important turning point in his later imperial career. Guo Wei appreciated him very much and promoted him as the leader of the imperial army. Two years later, Guo Wei appointed Zhao Kuangyin as a slippery state? Today, the deputy commander of Huaxian East, Henan Province has not arrived at his post. Chai Rong, the prince, was named King of Jin, and was appointed as Kaifeng Prefecture Yin. Because Chai Rong was in the army with Zhao Kuangyin and knew his bravery and talent, he asked to keep Zhao Kuangyin by his side, and was appointed as Ma Zhijun's special envoy in Kaifeng and became Chai Rong's confidant. This is Zhao Kuangyin's real chance. Guo Wei died of illness soon, and his son Chai Rong acceded to the throne, after Zhou Shizong.

Zhou Shizong had just acceded to the throne, and Liu Chong of the Northern Han Dynasty took advantage of the state funeral in the later Zhou Dynasty, making people panic and joining forces with the Khitan invasion. Sejong is ready to lead his troops to make a personal expedition. The situation at that time was very unfavorable to the next week. Even Feng Dao, who has always kept his mouth shut, discouraged Sejong from personal expedition. Sejong ignored the opposition of the ministers and decided to levy it himself. Zhao Kuangyin and people all made Zhang Yongde each lead a thousand troops to accompany him. On March 19th, the first year of Xiande (954), the two armies met in the plain south of Gaoping County. In the later Han Dynasty, Liu Chong had 30,000 chosen men, divided into two arrays, with 10,000 fine qidan riders beside him. When Zhou Shizong invaded, the imperial Ma Jun commanded Fan Aineng and Bu Jun to beat He Hui to flight and took the lead in running for their lives. The cavalry fled everywhere and the infantry simply surrendered. Zhou Shizong had to lead his own Qin Bing to fight. At the critical moment, Zhao Kuangyin stepped forward and shouted, "Lord, it's so dangerous, why are we still alive?" Say to Zhang Yongde, "Your soldiers are good at archery. Take the commanding heights of the right wing as soon as possible, and I will lead the troops to flank the left wing. National security is at stake! " Say, rate soldiers from the left into the enemy lines. The northern Han army thought victory was in sight and did not guard against the counterattack of the later Zhou army. It was in a state of chaos and was completely defeated. In this campaign, Zhao Kuangyin showed excellent command ability and brave spirit, changed the battlefield situation, turned the corner and turned defeat into victory. After the Battle of Gaoping, Zhao Kuangyin was promoted to be the governor of Hou Yu in front of the temple, leading the secretariat of Yanzhou. And his father, Zhao, was appointed as the commander of Longjie right wing, and both father and son were forbidden by the same code, which made them proud.

Through the Battle of Gaoping, Zhou Shizong felt that the military discipline was not strong, his troops were weak, he was arrogant and domineering, he chickened out and fled regardless of the life and death of the country. He is determined to thoroughly rectify military discipline. First of all, more than 70 famous generals, such as Fan Aineng and He Hui, were beheaded, and they ran away when they got cold feet. Then Zhao Kuangyin, the hero of the Battle of Gaoping, was authorized to cut off the old and weak, select the strong, recruit heroes and warriors from all over the world, and form a class in front of the temple. Zhao Kuangyin took this opportunity to carefully select the sergeants and generals. He was very satisfied that the Imperial Army had his cronies from soldiers to generals, and he completely controlled the most elite army. This whole army. This provided an opportunity for Zhao Kuangyin to master the imperial army, and also accumulated experience for him to run the army in the future. Through the Battle of Gaoping, Zhou Shizong felt that Zhao Kuangyin was not only a humble warrior with manly courage, but also a general with wisdom, courage and strategic vision. This makes Zhao Kuangyin deeply dependent on Zhou Shizong. Xiude for two years? In 955, the latter Zhou attacked Shu Zhou, such as Qin and Feng, and did not fall for a long time. Zhou Shizong didn't want to learn reactive power, so he sent Zhao Kuangyin to see if he could win. Zhao Kuangyin went to the front to observe the situation carefully and brought back a report that he could win. Sure enough, within a month, I returned the good news. While carrying out internal reforms, Zhou Shizong continued Guo Wei's unfinished great cause of unifying the Central Plains.

Zhao Kuangyin fully demonstrated his military talents and made great contributions to the neutrality of the warlords. In the third year of Xiande, Zhou Shizong personally made an expedition to Excavate in the Southern Tang Dynasty and attacked Shouzhou for a long time. Excavate heard sejong personal expedition, he sent general Huangfuhui and commander Yao Feng to station hundreds of troops in Chuzhou to deter Zhou Jun and reinforce Shouzhou at the same time. Sejong ordered Zhao Kuangyin to attack Huangfuhui with his troops. Zhao Kuangyin led thousands of Zhou Jun and Huang Fu to meet on a narrow road in Qingliuguan. Zhou Jun was completely defeated. Huang Fuhui returned to Chuzhou to rest at the gates and agreed to fight again in the future. After the defeat, Zhao Kuangyin was stuck. He was afraid that Huang Fu would suddenly lead the troops to kill him. He is very worried. He heard that Zhao, a scholar in a nearby village, was very wise and went to ask for advice. Scholar Zhao, teach him to copy the path, bypass the customs, and take Chuzhou directly at the gate. Under the guidance of this pedant, Zhao Kuangyin really went directly to Chuzhou at the gates. Huangfuhui suddenly saw Zhou Jun, and he was shocked. The two armies confronted each other. Zhao Kuangyin rode alone into the army of the Southern Tang Dynasty and shouted, "I want to catch Huangfuhui. No one else is my opponent." Actually, like Guan Yu beheaded Yan Liang, he rushed to Huangfuhui's horse and cut a sword on the back of his head. After the fall of Huangfuhui, he was captured alive by Zhou Jun who arrived later. When the master was captured, the southern Tang army naturally had to surrender. Zhao Kuangyin conveniently captured Chuzhou City, which relieved the worries of Shouzhou. After Huang Fuhui was captured, he sighed to Zhou Shizong: "I am not disloyal to what I did, but my soldiers are brave and afraid of different ears." I have fought against Japan with Qidan many times, but I have never seen such a good soldier. "Zhao Kuangyin defeated hundreds of thousands of enemies with thousands of troops, on the one hand, because of his bravery, on the other hand, it also shows that his army management is fruitful.

After the capture of Chuzhou, Zhao Kuangyin met Zhao Pu, a key figure who later helped him to establish the Da Song Dynasty. Zhao Pu was recommended by Fan Ju, the prime minister of the Zhou Dynasty, and served as a military judge in Chuzhou after the pacification. Zhao, his father, fell ill in Chuzhou, and Zhao Pu took good care of Zhao. Zhao is very grateful and regards him as his nephew. After talking with Zhao Pu, Zhao Kuangyin also appreciated his talent very much. I've been in contact with the hero Beowulf before. Zhao Pu didn't read much, but he analyzed the world. Unlike those military commanders, Zhao Kuangyin took Zhao Pu as his confidant from this moment on, and Zhao Pu also appointed Zhao Kuangyin to do something with a bang and follow him wholeheartedly. After Zhao Kuangyin was appointed as our governor in the same state and the governor in front of the temple, he immediately put Zhao Pu, who had worked as a military judge in Weizhou, on the table to be the judge of our time, and Zhao Guangyi, the younger brother of Zhao Pu and Zhao Kuangyin, became the core figure in Zhao Kuangyin's authority.

At this time, as a soldier, Zhao Kuangyin has rapidly grown from a primary school student to an excellent military commander. Apart from the influence of his military family, this is mainly due to his hard training. Moreover, from elementary school to the front of the temple, from the general to the imperial general, he gradually exercised his strategic vision in addition to his original courage and tactical strategy. Zhao Kuangyin made outstanding achievements and was promoted quickly. After being appointed as our envoy to the same state, he was quickly replaced by the rebel army because of his outstanding achievements in conquering Shouzhou. A year later, due to his outstanding military exploits in Huainan, he was replaced by Zhong Wujun, our time commander. At the same time, he has been the commander-in-chief in front of the temple, holding imperial power.

During the Five Dynasties, the bonfire never went out and the political situation was unstable. In fifty-four years, Geng Ba's surname was fourteen emperors, and an emperor changed every four years on average. Most of these emperors ascended the throne with powerful armies. For example, Zhu Wen and Li of the Tang Dynasty all won the throne after years of bloody battles. Shi Jingtang, the great-grandfather of the late Jin Dynasty, relied on the strength of the Khitan to stand on his own feet. After Emperor Gaozu, Liu Zhiyuan took advantage of the Hedong Rebellion to proclaim himself emperor. Li Siyuan, Li Congke, Guo Wei of Tang Dynasty, won the throne by imperial guards. Therefore, in the minds of these people, there is no concept of theocracy. Liu Shouguang, the prince of Yan, said publicly, "My territory is 2,000 Li, with 300,000 armour. I am the emperor of Hebei. Who can forbid me? " An Chongrong said more directly: "Tianzi, the brave is better than Mazhuang!" The whole five dynasties, is a kind of strength. Who has the strength, whose Ma Zhuang soldiers are strong, who can realize their ambitions. Living in such an era, Zhao Kuangyin, who has different ambitions, has seen through this.

Six years in Germany? In 959, Zhou Shizong personally signed the Khitan. At that time, all the articles used by the army were shipped directly from the capital. One day, he suddenly saw a strange wooden sign on the ground, which said "Check and do". Sejong, who has always been wary of people, is suspicious. At that time, Wei's son-in-law was investigated in front of the temple. Sejong has begun to purge those who he thinks may threaten the benevolent status. Many people were slaughtered because they were too young. Sejong has always been wise, so the ministers are all in unknown so. Later, Zhao Kuangyin once said to Zhao Pu: "Sejong spared all the generals in the army. I was by his side every day, but he didn't notice." I feel very lucky. Sejong's loyalty to Zhang Yongde is beyond doubt, but this incident has to arouse his vigilance. A few days later, he fell ill on a sick dragon platform. During his illness, he exempted Zhang Yongde from routine inspection in front of the temple, and replaced him with his most trusted Zhao Kuangyin. As a result, Zhao Kuangyin really sat on the mountain and answered the prediction of "routine inspection".

Zhou Shizong died in June of Xiande six years, at the age of 39, only five years and six months in office. His seven-year-old son Chai Zongxun succeeded to the throne. Orphans and widows were in charge, and the court relied on several civil servants such as Fan Zhi, wang pu and Wei Renpu, while the military power was completely in the hands of Zhao Kuangyin. At this time, Zhao Kuangyin has been in charge of military and political affairs for 6 years, which has great influence and high prestige in the army. He not only holds the military power, but also draws some important generals to his side, and forms a club of ten brothers with Shi Shouxin, Wang Shenqi and others in the ancient way of pledging allegiance. The situation of "being the master and doubting the country" in the later Zhou Dynasty naturally provided an excellent opportunity for Zhao Kuangyin to replace the rule of the latter Zhou Dynasty. Some people were already uneasy about Zhao Kuangyin's influence when he was in Zhou Shizong. Yang Huizhi, a right-wing scavenger, once told Zhou Shizong that Zhao Kuangyin's prestige was too high to ban soldiers. After Zhou Shizong's death, Han Tong and Zhao Kuangyin joined forces to ban soldiers. Han Tong's son also advised Han Tong to find a way to get rid of Zhao Kuangyin, but Han Tong wouldn't listen. Thus, the scene of Guo Wei replacing Han Dynasty was repeated in less than ten years.

Seven years of virtue? On New Year's Day in 960, Zhen and Ding reported that Qidan had joined the Northern Han invasion. Prime Minister Wang Pu and Fan Ju dispatched Zhao Kuangyin, commander-in-chief of the imperial army, to stop the Northern Expedition. A plot to change the dynasty began to be implemented from the planning. Guo Wei wanted to get rid of Yin Di in the later Han Dynasty. In order to protect himself, he had to get up and seize power, and this time Zhao Kuangyin took the initiative, less than six months after Zhou Shizong's death.

The army came to Chen Qiaoyi, 40 miles northeast of Kaifeng, and camped there because it was getting late. That night, Zhao Pu and Zhao Guangyi secretly created a public opinion among the soldiers: "Now Zhou Tianzi is too young to lead his own government. Our generation risked their lives to defend the country against foreign enemies. Who knows! " It's not too late to make a spot check and go north. "Since the tang dynasty regime, it is not uncommon for a valiant soldier to hold the commander-in-chief of the three armed forces, which has almost become a tradition. Therefore, these words really aroused the mood of some soldiers and demanded the establishment of Zhao Kuangyin. Zhao Kuangyin, who was diligent in running the army, was drunk and lay in the barracks, pretending not to know. Everything is arranged, and it's dawn. Emotional imperial soldiers drew their swords, exposed their blades, surrounded Zhao Kuangyin's camp, and shouted long live. Zhao Pu and Zhao Guangyi went to the village first and told Zhao Kuangyin about the situation. Zhao Kuangyin came out, wrapped in apricot robes prepared by the soldiers in advance. He threw himself on horseback and the army headed for the capital. Zhao Kuangyin insisted on refusing, determined to be a loyal minister for a big week, but his men naturally refused to agree. Zhao Kuangyin had to make a deal with them: "You are greedy for money and made me the son of heaven. If you are willing to listen to my orders, I will do it, otherwise I can't do it. The soldiers all promised to do as they were told. Zhao Kuangyin said: "The young emperor and empress dowager both serve in the north of China. The ministers and ministers of North Korea are my colleagues, so they can't be hurt. "When you enter the capital, you are not allowed to plunder the people and rob the national treasury as before. When it's done, I can open a library and reward it. I dare to kill those who dare to rob and destroy the nine families. " The soldiers were insatiable and were rewarded by the son of heaven, and they all readily agreed. So, Zhao Kuangyin led the troops back to Beijing, and Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi, the defenders, were sworn brothers of Zhao Kuangyin. They had already colluded to let Zhao Kuangyin enter the city. The men also obeyed orders and there was no murder or robbery. Only the general Han Tong led the troops to resist, and was chased home by the king and killed. Apart from this unpleasant episode, Zhao Kuangyin really achieved a bloodless and innocent power grab. Zhao Kuangyin has been worried about Han Tong, and he won't give Wang a lifetime holiday lottery as punishment.

When Zhao Kuangyin went to Zhongshu Province to see Fan Zhi, wang pu and Wei Renpu, he cried that he was "persecuted" by soldiers, and he was involuntarily embarrassed. The three of them didn't know what to say at the moment. They followed Zhao Kuangyin's Ministry, Luo Yangui, and shouted, "We will get the son of heaven today." Knowing that there was no way, Sanxiang had to be prepared to "abdicate". Of course, things are not smooth sailing, imperial edicts are all over the world, and it is not the submission of the four parties. Li Jun, the hero of the founding of the later Zhou Dynasty and the ambassador of Zhao Yi guarding Luzhou, was ambitious and took the lead in rebellion. Since then, Huainan has been resisting Li Zhongjin. However, their strength is not enough to fight against Zhao Kuangyin. Zhao Kuangyin led his troops on a private expedition and conquered them one by one. In less than half a year, the rebellion was put down.

From the perspective of historical development, it is inevitable and of great historical significance for Zhao Kuangyin to replace the later Zhou Dynasty with the Great Song Dynasty. He put an end to the chaotic struggle of the Five Dynasties, and brought the Central Plains into a period of peaceful and stable development, so that the people could get rid of frequent wars and lead a normal life. This is Zhao Kuangyin's contribution to history and people at that time. The Song Dynasty lasted for more than 300 years, and even after making Jiangnan its capital, it remained 160 years, which was inseparable from the support of the people.

From the first year of Kaiping? Six years from 907 to Xiande? In 959, in this short period of 53 years, like a merry-go-round, the Central Plains changed five dynasties and eight surnames and thirteen kings. In these five dynasties, all the other dynasties were usurped by soldiers within the ruling clique, except the military clique that was initially established and was opposed by Li Keyong of Taiyuan and Li Changchun. As a soldier, I personally participated in the action of supporting Guo Wei, Mao in the late Zhou Dynasty, and got the support of others less than ten years later. He deeply understands the significance of establishing military commanders and abolishing them. In particular, Zhao Kuangyin basically seized power in the form of a military alliance. After he ascended the throne, the ten Yishe brothers allied with him and the generals who were expected to be taller than him and armed for a long time became his potential threats. Therefore, how to eliminate these threats, so that the new Da Song Dynasty can maintain long-term stability and not become the sixth short-lived dynasty after the Five Dynasties. Since Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne, this question has been haunting his mind, making him sleepless. The successive rebellions of Li Junhe and Li Zhongjin made him feel more urgent to solve this problem. So, after the rebellion in Li Zhongjin, Li Junhe was put down, Zhao Kuangyin called Zhao Pu and asked, "Since the end of the Tang Dynasty, the emperor changed his surname to eight for decades, and the war has not been extinguished, causing untold suffering. What is the reason? I want to put out the world war and make a long-term plan for my country. What should I do? " Zhao Pu replied: "The previous unrest was because the town was too heavy and the monarch was weak and the minister was strong. The only way to change this situation is to seize its power slightly, control its money valley and accept its elite soldiers, and the world will naturally settle down. " Before the words were finished, Zhao Kuangyin said, "Stop it, I understand everything."

Having said that, Song Taizu, who has deep feelings, is still hesitating whether to let Song Taizu attack this sworn brother who has fought side by side for many years. At that time, his ten brothers, including Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi, mastered the imperial military power respectively, and Zhao Pu repeatedly advised Song Taizu to replace them. Song Taizu didn't agree. He said, "They will never betray me. You worry too much. " Zhao Pu enlightened, "I'm not worried that they will betray you themselves. In my opinion, they don't have the talent to rule the world, but if their people are established, it is not for them to decide. " Song Taizu shuddered at the thought of the battlefields where soldiers forced him to stand again and again, and he made up his mind.

One night after the Korean War, Song Taizu called Shi Shouxin and other imperial generals to drink and talk about brotherhood. The atmosphere is very harmonious. While the wine was still hot, Song Taizu sighed and looked sad. Shi Shouxin and others were puzzled and asked why. Song Taizu sighed and said, "Without your support, I wouldn't be the son of heaven! But this son of heaven is not easy to be. It's better to be happy in our time. I can't sleep well every night! " Shi Shouxin, they asked why. Song Taizu said, "Who doesn't want to get rich? Who doesn't want to sit in my position! " Shi Shouxin and others were frightened and said, "How did your Majesty say such a thing?" Now that fate has been decided, who dares to be unfaithful again? Song Taizu said, "Although you are not unfaithful, if your people are greedy for wealth, they will suddenly give you a yellow robe one day. At this point, you just don't want to do it. Can you do it? "Shi Shouxin and others heard Song Dazu's words, only to know that the emperor had a showdown, so they had to kneel and kowtow:" We are so stupid. We didn't expect this. Please have pity on us and give us a way out. Song Taizu said: "Life is like a fleeting moment, but we should save more money and buy more beautiful houses for our children and grandchildren. If singers and dancers live their own lives and there is no bad blood between us, wouldn't it be very happy? "Shi Shouxin and others suddenly realized, and they all rejoiced:" Your majesty is so considerate for us, as if it were a matter of life and death, and he dared not do it. "Early the next morning, these heavily armed generals wrote a letter saying that they were ill and asked to resign. Song Taizu really fulfilled his promise, rewarded them with a lot of money, fertile land and beautiful houses, and took back their military power, giving them only a virtual title of our time. This is the famous "right to relieve soldiers with a glass of wine" in history.

It should be said that Song Taizu's brothers still have deep friendship and complete trust. Soon he wanted to send Fu Yanqing to run the army, which was resolutely resisted by Zhao Pu. Song Taizu believed Fu Yanqing. Without going through Zhongshu Province, he sent the letter appointing Fu Yanqing, but it was stopped by Zhao Pu. Song Taizu asked incredulously, "Why are you so suspicious of Fu Yanqing? I have always been good to him, and he will not betray me. " Zhao Pu replied, "Zhou Shizong has more affection and friendship for your majesty. How can your majesty be sorry for sejong? " Song Taizu was speechless after hearing this, and never gave birth to the idea of enabling these generals. Song Taizu has begun to reform the command system of the Imperial Army before the soldiers were released with a glass of wine. First of all, he canceled the official system on the grounds that he had been a former official. Just as Emperor Taizong was an official in the Tang Dynasty, there was no official in the Tang Dynasty. In fact, he wanted to take the command of the imperial army directly into his own hands and avoid such a thing as "official inspection" again. After drinking a glass of wine, he accepted Zhao Pu's suggestion, and implemented the system of "separation of three officials" within the imperial army, with all the commanders in front of the temple, all the guards and soldiers in charge respectively, so that there would not be a general with too much power. Moreover, it is stipulated that Sanyan only has the right to surrender, and there is no right to surrender. The right to surrender belongs to the Privy Council. Although the Privy Council can give orders, it does not directly command the army. As a result of this mutual restraint, military power was concentrated in the hands of the emperor. Because of the separation of military power, the hidden danger of the imperial army launching a military coup was basically eliminated.

After the reform of Imperial Army, Song Taizu began to weaken the military strength of local buffer regions, so as to prevent them from being overbearing and jumping over the beam in the Tang and Five Dynasties. He ordered all localities to send elite soldiers to the capital to supplement the imperial army, leaving only some old and weak soldiers around, and all the local troops in the buffer region were opponents of the imperial army, thus ruling out the possibility of local rebellion. The general policy is that reality is empty and reality is empty. On the issue of the garrison of the imperial army, Song Taizu adopted the strategy of "strengthening the cadres and weakening the branches", that is, Qiang Bing was stationed near the capital, making all localities invincible in the capital. At the same time, the imperial army also implemented more defensive laws, constantly guarding the border and changing its defense. This will not only enable soldiers to "study hard and work hard", but also prevent imperial commanders from looking forward to being in one place and having close ties with local governments. Generals at all levels of the imperial army are also frequently replaced, with the aim of making "soldiers do not know generals, but not experts", "soldiers are unpredictable and handsome, and handsome teachers are unpredictable", so that there can be no too close relationship between soldiers and generals, so as not to form the fierce soldiers of the Five Dynasties. These measures can be said to be seamless in preventing the rebellion of the imperial court and the rebellion of the buffer region, and because of this, there has never been a military coup in the Song Dynasty.

As for the source of military personnel, Song Taizu adopted the method of recruiting soldiers. In addition to recruiting at ordinary times, in case of famine, in order to recruit farmers who have left the land because of bankruptcy, a large number of recruits are also recruited. Song Taizu has a very special explanation for this practice. He said to Zhao Pu, "In my family's affairs, only raising soldiers can benefit EMI. Cover fierce barren, there are traitors and no traitors; It's a pity that I was born in the old times, with rebellion but no rebellion. "

What is commendable is that Song Taizu can achieve a bloodless handover of power, whether it is to seize the later Zhou Dynasty or "let the soldiers go after a glass of wine". However, he can confide in the heroes, expose his interests naked, and make proper arrangements for their future lives. Therefore, although the generals were relieved of the military power, they did not complain, and there was no military coup in the Song Dynasty, which was inseparable from Song Taizu's effective measures. However, the biggest drawback of "returning to the field with a glass of wine" is that the great killers of Emperor Gaozu and Ming Taizu and the handle of Han Guangwu were all made after the country's demise. On the other hand, when the generals were surrounded by strong enemies, Song Taizu had to remove their military power. The Song Dynasty never unified the whole country, which caused the phenomenon of "weak accumulation" criticized by later generations, and was also directly related to the right to return to the field with a glass of wine.