How to calculate the ancient lunar calendar

Question 1: What about ancient times and lunar years? In ancient times, the twelve earthly branches were used to represent time:

Midnight, also known as midnight and midnight: the first hour of twelve o'clock. (23: 00 to 0 1 hour Beijing time).

Ugly cock crow, also known as pheasant: the second hour of twelve o'clock. (065438+ 0: 00 to 03: 00 Beijing time).

Yin Shiping Dan, also known as Dawn, Dawn and Sundan, etc. Time is the alternation of day and night. (03: 00 to 05: 00 Beijing time).

Sunrise in Shi Mao, also known as the beginning of the day, dawn and rising sun, refers to the time when the sun just appeared and Ran Ran first rose. (05: 00 to 07: 00 Beijing time).

Eating in the morning is also called breakfast. The time for the ancients to "eat in the morning" was also breakfast time (07:00-09:00 Beijing time).

Forty holes, also known as Yu Ri, etc. : near noon, call the corner. (09: 00 to 1 1: 00 Beijing time).

Noon, also known as sunrise, noon, etc. : (Beijing time 1 1 to 13).

Soon after, I was also known as sunset, sun center and so on. The sun sets in the west. (Beijing time 13 to Beijing time 15).

Feeding at the time of application, also known as day shop, late food and so on. (Beijing time 15 to 17).

As time goes by, it is also called sunset, sunset and evening: it means when the sun goes down. (Beijing time 17 to 19).

Dusk, also known as sunset, sunset glow, dusk, etc. At this time, the sun has set and the sky will be dark. The world is dark and everything is hazy, so it is called dusk. (Beijing time 19 to Beijing time 2 1).

At this time, it was already late at night, and people stopped their activities and had a rest. Calm means quiet. (Beijing time 2 1 hour to 23: 00).

65438+ February is called twelfth month.

If you want to check the annual expenditure, you can calculate that there are 1 cycles in 60 years.

The ten-day work is: A, B, C, D, E, G, Xin, Ren and Gui.

The twelve earthly branches are Zi, Ugliness, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai.

For example, this year is the year of C, last year was 1 "b" and1"you" before C, last year was the year of you, and so on. . .

60 years is 1 cycle: 60 flowers, 10 stems, 12 branches, which are combined in turn from beginning to end. One cycle is 60, commonly known as "60 Jiazi". The second order of Sixty Jiazi is: ① Jiazi is ugly, ③ Bingyin is ugly, ④ Ding Mao φ Chen Wu φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ 9Zi 38 Xin Chou 39 Ren Yin 40 Gui Mao 4 1 Chen Jia 42 Yi Si 43 Propylene 44 Ding Wei 45 Wu Shen 46 Ji You 47 Geng Xu 48 Xin Hai 49 Ren Zi 50 Ghost Chou 5 1 Jiayin 52 Mao Yi 55.

Question 2: How did China calculate Tomb-Sweeping Day by the lunar calendar in ancient times? ? Before the Qing Dynasty, the year was divided into 24 equal parts, and Tomb-Sweeping Day was one of them.

Qing is qi:

Formally adopt fixed air based on the position of the sun on the ecliptic. The old calendar used in modern times is Poetic Fairy Calendar, which is usually called summer calendar or lunar calendar.

Modern is based on the formula:

Qingming calculation

Interpretation of [y * d+c]-l formula: Y= the last two digits of years, D=0.2422, L= leap years, 2 1 century C=4.8 1, and 20th century =5.59.

For example, the Qingming date in 2088 = [88× 0.2422+4.81]-[88/4] = 26-22 = 4, and April 4 is Qingming.

The China lunar calendar, which started in the Qing Dynasty, is a combination of yin and yang.

Unlike 122507384, in my opinion, it is more appropriate to say that Qingming is calculated according to the lunar calendar!

Question 3: What was the name of every day in the ancient Chinese calendar? Lunar calendar _ Baidu encyclopedia

baike.baidu/view/ 15 163

See for yourself.

Question 4: When did the lunar day begin? What did the ancients use to calculate the time? /kloc-Starting a new day at half past 0/2 is common sense in the ancient calendar, and fortune tellers know it well.

Historians would understand if they read more freely. This is recorded in books such as Si Ku Quan Tang Shu. The beginning of that day was the sub-team Zheng.

Question 5: How to convert the ancient Gregorian calendar into the lunar calendar? China calendar has been a kind of lunar calendar since ancient times. Because the first day of each month is a new moon and the fifteenth day is a full moon, it is easy to identify and use, so it is usually called the lunar calendar. Until today, due to the change of solar terms in the calendar, it is closely related to agricultural planting activities, and the "Lunar Calendar" plays an important role in the lives of China people, especially farmers.

First of all, you said that "the ancient people in China used the lunar calendar". This statement is not very accurate.

Now, we call the AD calendar "solar calendar", because when this calendar was introduced into China, we called our traditional calendar "lunar calendar".

In fact, "lunar calendar" and "lunar calendar" are not the same concept. The lunar calendar mainly refers to the system of 24 solar terms, "Sanjiu" and "Sanfu" summarized by farmers according to the needs of agricultural production and life. The system combines the specific conditions of various regions and industries, and contains rich and practical contents. In today's words, this is a very scientific and thorough calendar system, which fully shows the great wisdom of the working people in ancient China. This is recognized in relevant international fields.

Lunar calendar is a chronology used by ancient officials in China to record and narrate history. This chronology is basically stupid. Because it is not based on the activities of the sun, but on the activities of the moon. In fact, there is no doubt that the sun is much bigger than the moon in terms of its influence on human beings. The four seasons of the lunar calendar do not always accurately represent natural conditions, so we have to adjust them through leap years and leap months. What's more, because there is no unified long-term chronology standard, it will be very difficult to describe history. For example, when people in the Ming Dynasty talked about the Tang Dynasty, they said, "During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, Wu Jia (or Jiayin, etc.). ) years ". If the former Qin Dynasty is involved, it will be no ordinary trouble. What is the relationship between "Qi Mou Gong Moumou" and "Chu Mou Wang Moumou"? There are not many countries in the country that can figure it out.

Question 6: Are the birthdays of the ancients counted according to the lunar calendar or the lunar calendar?

The lunar calendar is the lunar calendar.

The Gregorian calendar is the solar calendar (new calendar).

In ancient China, the calendar was mainly calculated according to the lunar calendar. There was no Gregorian calendar at that time. Gregorian calendar is the calendar of western countries. 1949 After liberation, Yuanbao adopted the Gregorian calendar.

Question 7: How is the lunar calendar calculated in China? rule

In the lunar calendar, a year is generally 12 months, and the number of days in a month depends on the orbit of the moon around the earth, which is 29 or 30 days; The leap year is 13 months; In China, the average year is 353 or 354 days; The leap year is 384 or 385 days, with an average of about 365.2422 days per year (that is, the earth goes around the sun once).

The lunar calendar can be inferred as follows: the day when the moon moves to the earth and the sun in a straight line is the beginning of each month, which is called the first day. The longest day in a year between China and Japan is the summer solstice, and the shortest is the winter solstice. According to these two points, the year is divided into 24 equal parts, and 24 solar terms are obtained. Usually, the month of the latest lunar new year (Spring Festival) is the first month. The Spring Festival is in Gregorian calendar 65438+1from October 20th to February 20th.

[edit]

Set jump

As a kind of lunar calendar, the number of days per month depends on the monthly profit and loss, and the time of one year is based on 12 months; In order to close the cycle of the earth around the sun, that is, the tropic year, one month is added at regular intervals, and the added month is a leap month, so the leap year of the lunar calendar is 13 months.

There is no thirteenth month in the lunar calendar. According to the calendar rules, a leap month repeats the same month after any month, and the repeated month is a leap month. For example, the leap month after April is called leap April.

The lunar calendar basically takes 19 as a cycle, corresponding to the same time in the Gregorian calendar. For example, in the Gregorian calendar, May 27th, 2006, 5438+0, May 27th 1982 and May 27th 1963 are the fifth day of leap April.

The month of the leap month is inferred according to the laws of the lunar calendar, which is mainly determined according to the coincidence with the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar. Since the winter solstice, odd numbers are solar terms and even numbers are neutral. If it is the turn of the month, only the solar terms are not neutral, that is the leap month last month.

The number of leap months in the lunar calendar is 29 or 30 days, just like normal months.

Question 8: How did the ancients in China divide solar terms into lunar calendar and lunar calendar? Twenty-four solar terms are the original cultural heritage of working people in China, which can reflect the changes of seasons, guide agricultural activities and affect the food, clothing, housing and transportation of thousands of households. Since 2000, the main political activity center in China has been concentrated in the Yellow River Basin, and the 24 solar terms have been established on the basis of the climate and phenology in this area. Due to the vast territory and changeable terrain of China, the 24 solar terms are only a reference for many regions.

The twenty-four solar terms are divided according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic (that is, the orbit of the earth around the sun). Depending on the sun starting from the vernal equinox (longitude zero, at this moment the sun shines vertically on the equator), every advance of 15 degrees is a solar term; After a week's operation, I returned to the vernal equinox, which is a tropical year with 360 degrees, so it is divided into 24 solar terms. The dates of solar terms are relatively fixed in the solar calendar. For example, beginning of spring in the solar calendar always falls between February 3rd and 5th. However, in the lunar calendar, the date of solar terms is not easy to determine. Take beginning of spring as an example. It can be the first day of the lunar calendar in the previous year, 65438+February 15, and the latest is the first month, 15. The current lunar calendar is neither a lunar calendar nor a solar calendar, but a combination of lunar and solar calendars. There is a leap month in the lunar calendar. If one year is counted from the first day of the first month to the New Year's Eve of the twelfth month, the number of days in the lunar calendar varies greatly (leap year is 13 months). In order to standardize the number of years, the first day of the Lunar New Year (heavenly stems and earthly branches) is not the first day of the first month, but beginning of spring. In other words, a year in the lunar calendar is the day before from beginning of spring in that year to beginning of spring in the following year. For example, 2008 is the fifth year of the lunar calendar. The first day of Wuzi began not on February 7, 2008 (the first day of the first lunar month), but on February 4, 2008 in Gregorian calendar.

24 gas meters

(Calculated according to AD date)

72 kinds of climate

In seasons and months, the sun reaches the first, second and third ecliptic.

In spring, Meng Chun Li Chun 3 15 east wind thawed stinging insects and began to shake the fish on the ice.

3-5 February

Rain and dew water 330 peach blossom warehouse is more bright.

February 65438, 2008

Mid-spring, 345 Rex sacrificed fish, Hongyan came, and the plants sprouted.

5-7 March

At 0 vernal equinox, the black bird began to make a sound.

March 20 -2 1

Qingming Festival in Ji Chun 15 Intervisibility China vole turned into a rainbow.

April 4-6

When it rains at 30 degrees in the valley, pigeons start singing and blowing feathers. Dai Sheng falls.

April 19-2 1

In summer, Xia Meng began to cry in the summer of 45 degrees, and the earthworm grew into a melon.

5-7 May

A bitter vegetable 60 degrees smaller will show off its grass in summer.

20-22 May

In midsummer, 75 mantis began to sing when she gave birth to V, and her tongue was silent.

5-7 June

In the summer of solstice, Pinellia ternata will be born only when antlers are removed at a high temperature of 90 degrees.

June 2 1-22

It learned a cricket's residence from the mild Xia Feng in 105 in the last month of summer.

6-8 July

120 When rotten grass turns into firefly soil in the hot summer, it will only be rainy in the hot summer.

July 22nd-24th

Autumn, Meng, autumn, autumn, 135, cool breeze to white dew, chilling.

August 7-9

/kloc-in the summer of 0/50, the eagle is the first place to worship birds.

22-24 August

Mid-Autumn Egrets 165 Hongyan came to the mysterious flock to raise shame.

7-9 September

At the autumnal equinox of 180, thunder began to ring and the water dried up.

22-24 September

The cold dew in season and autumn is 195. Red rock guest birds attack floods, chrysanthemums bloom yellow flowers.

65438+18 -9 October

First frost 2 10 is a sacrifice to animals, plants, yellow leaves, stinging insects and salt water.

65438+123 -24 October

In winter, in the middle of winter, the water begins to freeze, and pheasants enter the water to be storks.

165438+17-8 October

Snow is hidden in a rainbow of 240 degrees, and the weather is blocked, so it becomes winter.

165438+1On October 22-23, the geogas decreased.

It snows 255 degrees in the middle of winter, and birds don't call tigers. It's quite healthy to have a talk.

65438+6 -8 February

The spring moves at an angle of 270 degrees with the winter solstice.

65438+February 2 1-23

It was a slight cold in winter at 285 degrees, and magpies began to nest in the north of the wild goose.

65438+15 -7 October

In the 300-degree cold, chickens began to nurse, birds became seriously ill, and Shui Ze's abdomen was very strong.

65438+1October 20th ―― 2 1...> & gt

Question 9: How did the ancients make calendars, such as the lunar calendar, and how did they know how many days there were in a year? The size of which month and so on. China's lunar calendar is based on the round and round of the moon in the Central Plains of China.

Question 10: How to calculate the lunar heavenly stems and earthly branches? Each branch corresponds to 24 solar terms from one solar term (non-neutral) to the next, and the initial one-month cycle is determined by the festival time, not from the first day to the end of a certain lunar month. Many almanac shows that a lunar month corresponds to a branch, which is only approximate but not complete. In case of a or one's own year, the first month is roughly C Yin; B or Geng Year, the first month is roughly Wuyin; The first month of year C or Xin is roughly Geng Yin, the first month of Ding Nian or Ren Year is roughly Ren Yin, and the first month of year E or decyl is roughly Jia Yin. The first month is calculated according to the main branch, and other months are calculated according to the main branch. A cycle of 60 months and 5 years; Reuse after a cycle, cycle after cycle, cycle. Winter to the sun and the moon (the month when heavy snow turns to slight cold, similar to November of the lunar calendar) is the "Jiaziyue" in the 29th year of Jianwu (AD 53). There is a song to prove it: the first year of A is C, and the first year of B is E; Bing Xin must find Geng, and Ding is downstream; What's more, there is no way to find it, and it is not bad to pursue good news. The following table lists the corresponding solar terms, neutral atmosphere, approximate lunar month, approximate solar month, and monthly trunk branches composed of annual trunk and monthly trunk: the solar terms of monthly trunk are similar to those of lunar month A or B or C or D or E or E in beginning of spring-the first day of February, March, March, April, fifth month, fourth month, fourth month and fourth month. The fourth month, Grain Rain, Changxia, March, April, Chen Wuyue, Chen Geng Month, Renchenyue, Chen Jiayue, Chen Bingyue, Mitsuki, Changxia-Mangzhong Xiaoman April, May, Keith Month, New April, Gui April, Ye Si Month, April May Day, May Day, No Month, Slight Summer. —— Bailuyuan was appointed as Shen Yue in July and August, Shen Jiayue in Shen Bingyue in Wu Shenyue in Geng Shenyue in You Yue Bailu —— Cold Dew in Autumn Equinox in August and September, Gui You in Yi You Yue Ding You Yue Ji You Yue Xin has moonlight and cold dew —— beginning of winter first frost in September 65438+ October Xu Jiayue in Bing Wu Xue Yue Geng Xu Yue Ren Luo Ding Hai in Ji Hai in Xinhai, Yue Gui Hai in the month of heavy snow in November —— slight cold winter to November 65438. Kloc-0/Feb 65438+1Oct Ding Chou Yue Ji Chou Yue Xin Chou Gui Yue Chou Yue Yi Chou Yue Gan Zhi calendar has not been widely implemented, which is mainly used by astrologers to calculate eight characters. Calculation example: 2004 is roughly the year of Shen Jianian in the lunar calendar. The bid year began in beginning of spring 19: 56 on February 4th, 2004 and ended in beginning of spring 19: 43 on February 4th, 2005. The time here is east longitude 120 standard time. Bing silver moon, February 4, 2004 19: 56, beginning of spring-Ding Maoyue, March 5, 2004 13: 56, March 5, 2004 13: 56, Qingming Wuchenyue, April 4, 2004156. Tomb-Sweeping Day, April 4th, 2004 18: 43 ~ It's been one month since Changchun, May 5th, 2004 12: 02, and Changchun, May 5th, 2004 16: 08+04. June 5, 200416: 0814: 00 ~ July 7, 2004 2: 365438+ beginning of autumn August 7, 200412: 20 ~ September 7, 200415: 00. Cold dew on June 8th, 2004+6: 49 on October 8th, 2004 ~ beginning of winter Yihai Month+065438+19: 59 on October 7th, 20041beginning of winter ~ 65438+on October 7th. It snowed at 2: 49 on February 7th, 2004 ~ 20051October 5th, 20051October 5th, slight cold ~ February 4th, 2005. & gt