Where are Yunju Temple and Du Shi?

In Xishan area, Yunju Temple and Du Shi have also attracted tourists from home and abroad, enabling people to appreciate the charming style of this ancient city in terms of natural landscape and human history.

Yunju Temple is located in Shuitou Village, Nanshangle Township, in the southwest of Fangshan District, Beijing, which is less than 10 km south of Juma River. Yunshui Cave in Shangfang Mountain is located about 10 km northeast of Yunju Temple, about 75 km from Beijing.

Yunju Temple is located in Shijingshan. The temple, also known as the Western Region Temple, was built during the Great Cause of the Sui Dynasty and is also a famous Buddhist shrine in history. The name of Yunju Temple was first seen in the stone carvings in the second year of Tang Dynasty (669). The temple gate faces east, and the original temple is very big. There are more than 300 monasteries with five courtyards and six halls, and the total number of monasteries exceeds 800. It is one of the largest temples in northern China. Tianwang Hall is the first of the six halls, followed by Pilu Hall, Sakya Hall, Tantan Hall, Pharmacist Hall and Maitreya Hall. On the west side of these halls, there are also ancillary buildings such as monk's room, Manjusri Hall and abbot. The Great Hall of Compassion, the Dharma Hall and the Sutra Pavilion together constitute the largest temple in the whole temple. These six halls are built on the mountain, and the Great Compassion Hall is the highest place in the whole temple. The whole temple, with strict layout, is built on the mountain, and the temple is supported by the mountain, which is very spectacular. But in 1930s, under the fire of Japanese imperialism, the whole temple was in ruins, and the demolished tower bricks were also used to build bunkers. The fact that Yunju Temple was destroyed once became the material evidence of the history of Japan's war of aggression against China. After the founding of New China, the government conducted a comprehensive investigation, excavation, collation and research on Yunju Temple and Shijingshan classics. By the 1980s, the new showroom and classic library of The Book of Songs had been built. From 65438 to 0984, Beijing Municipal Government and Fangshan District Government decided to raise funds to repair and rebuild this famous temple. Now I go to Yunju Temple to see what Yunju Temple looks like after reconstruction.

Yunju Temple has a long history and many cultural relics. Although eroded by years and destroyed by war, the existing ruins and buildings are still lamented by the world. Stone tablets, stupas and relics are called the "three wonders" of Yunju Temple.

The creation and spread of Yunju Temple inscriptions can not be separated from the monk Jing Wan. As early as the Sui Dynasty, Master Jingwan Huisi saw that Buddhism suffered several disasters in China, which made it impossible to preserve many Buddhist scriptures. To this end, he vowed to collect Buddhist scriptures by carving stones to prevent them from being "difficult to learn" again. Jingwan was influenced by Master, inherited her ambition and put it into action. He dug Lei Yin Cave in Shijingshan and carved The Classic of Stone. Jing Wan died in the 13th year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (639), and later his disciples Xuandao, Yi Monk and Hui Siam succeeded to the throne. From Sui Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, 1 165438 years ago, the total number of block prints reached 14278, with 3472 volumes, 165438+. After the Shijing was carved, it was stored in the Tibetan Sutra Cave in Shijingshan and the Tibetan Sutra Cave under the South Tower of Yunju Temple. These warp plates are 1 m long, half a meter wide and about 10 cm thick, with the longest being more than 2 meters and the shortest being 70 cm.

The Buddhist scriptures carved on the tablet of Yunju Temple mainly include Huayan Sutra, Big Dipper Sutra, Nirvana Sutra, Vimalakīrti Sutra, Maha Prajna Sutra, Dabaoji Sutra, Dharma Prajna Sutra and so on. At present, the 146 stone sutra embedded in the wall of Lei Yin Cave comes from Jingwan. Most of the scriptures in the scriptures are written horizontally and vertically. The stone tablets collected in Yunju Temple are not only precious materials for studying calligraphy and sculpture, but also important Buddhist documents for studying Buddhist history (see photo 9, 10).

Ancient pagodas in Yunju Temple: There are totally 5 pagodas/kloc-0 in the original temple and Shijingshan, including 7 pagodas in the Tang Dynasty alone. The most magnificent ancient pagoda is located in the north courtyard of the temple. It is a Liao Dynasty building, more than 30 meters high, divided into two parts. The lower part is octagonal, surrounded by arched false windows, with four eaves and arches, and there are Buddhist niches embossed on it; The upper part is conical, showing the image of a nine-phase wheel, and the top is pearl-shaped. This tower was originally called stupa, also known as Lohan Pagoda. There is a stone pagoda about 3 meters high at the four corners of Liao Tower, which was built in the Tang Dynasty. This five-tower-in-one form is the early form of the King Kong Throne Tower (see the King Kong Throne Tower of Biyun Temple in Xiangshan). In addition, the stupa built in Liao Dynasty for the monk Jingwan and the Princess Jinxianta built in Tang Dynasty all show the architectural style and carving art in Tang and Liao Dynasties.

Buddhist relics: 198 1 year, when repairing the Lei Yin cave in Yunju Temple, a cave was found in the underground behind the original Buddha's seat, which contained a letter wrapped in rock, silver and jade, including two Buddhist relics, namely the meat relic and the scarlet relic, which were very precious.

Of course, Yunju Temple shows us not only the above, but also other things, such as ancient monuments, stone carvings and Buddha statues in Lei Yin caves, which are very precious. It is not unreasonable that Yunju Temple is known as "Dunhuang in Beijing".

Dushi Scenic Area: Yunju Temple is located at Dushi West 15km, a famous scenic spot at the southern end of Xishan area.

Du Fu's poems, known as Small Guilin in the North, are the only forest canyon scenic spot in the north of China that features karst landforms. Located in the middle and upper reaches of Juma River in the southwest of Fangshan District, more than 80 kilometers away from Beijing. Juma River flows through the scenic spot from west to east, and the tourist area is more than 15km. Du Shi Scenic Area starts from Qianhekou in the east, reaches Dashadi in the west, reaches Shiren Peak in the north and faces Bijia Mountain in the south. Fiona Fang is nearly 50 kilometers. Twenty kilometers to the east is Yesanpo Scenic Area.

Juma River goes through ten ferries from Zhang Fang to Du Shi, hence the name "Du Shi". 1985 Du Shi Scenic Area was rated as the eighth of the sixteen scenic spots in Beijing. There are four routes to choose from when visiting here: the eastern route is Liudu Bath, Shuan Peak, thousands of feet Window, Dangerous Peak Broken Wall, Zhaohui Mountain and Qianhekou; The southern line is Frog Mouth Stone, Tiantong Cave, Wangxiuting and Bijiashan; The west line is Tashan Xianchi, Shimen Bangchui Rock, Woong San and Wuzhishan; The northern line is expected to include Fotai, Bat Mountain, Zhuangshiyan and Shiren Peak.

You must visit four scenic spots in Du Fu's poems, namely, Longshan, Qifeng, Liudu and Xianchi. Du Shi Scenic Area is famous for its wonderful peaks and beautiful waters, with beautiful scenery everywhere and picturesque seasons. There are strange peaks and rocks, clear water and wild flowers everywhere. Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty called Du Fu's poems "Ten Miles of Qiong Yao" (see photo 1 1).