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Revealing the first female official of the Republic of China: the first half of her life was like Pan Jinlian.

? Revealing the first female official of the Republic of China: the first half of her life was like Pan Jinlian.

After the Wuchang Uprising broke out, the Republic of China Gazette, the military organ of the Republic of China, was founded in June191and June 16. At the beginning of the newspaper's publication, Liu Yi's notice was published: Every afternoon at two o'clock, I meet my sisters from all walks of life in the general supervision room. ? Liu, whose real name is Chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party, is the wife of the Chief Inspector of the Hubei Army. At that time, she served as the head of receiving and dispatching copywriting in the Governor's Office, and was the first female official in the history of the Republic of China.

Liu Yi was loved by everyone in his early years.

According to the Records of Miancheng, Li Shuqing was originally named Yuan Bao and Shu Zhen, and was named Wenhua. After marrying Gong Liu, she changed her name to Liu Yi, and her nickname was Zheng Qingzi. In the eighteenth year of Guangxu (1892), he was born in Longjiawan, Xiaguan Street, Miancheng County, Hubei Province. Her ancestral home is in Guangdong. Her father worked as a junior bureaucrat in Miancheng and died in the war. Her mother Xie raised her by sewing.

In the Diary of Mei Chuan, written by the League of Brothers, the Association for the Advancement of China and the veteran Juzheng, Liu Yi was called? Mianyang supervisor? His legendary experience in the first half of his life is quite similar to Dou E in Dou E Yuan and Pan Jinlian in Jin Ping Mei. According to Ju Zheng, Liu Yi's mother is from Guangdong and lives in Mianyang, Hubei. Liu Yi was smart, beautiful and sociable since childhood, and was deeply loved by the scholars and students of Mianyang New School. These scholars often go to Liu Yi's home to have tea and chat, and Liu Yi's mother lives on the tea money left by these scholars. Liu Yi, who is good at communication, is so famous that Yang Mian, the director of education, persuaded her to spend money on her virginity. This director who often lingers at home has seriously hindered the youth and romance of literati who like to come here for tea and chat, so they joined Liu? Mianyang supervisor? Nickname.

When I was a child, I was betrothed to a roast beef vendor named Ding. After marriage, he is still wild. Not many happy Ding died soon, and Ding's family accused Liu Yi of murdering her husband. Scholars such as the son of Mianyang magistrate and director Mianyang rescued Liu Yi from the death penalty. The magistrate decided to entrust her to a wealthy businessman in Wang Xing at the official price of 24 yuan Ocean. Wang Xing's wealthy businessman loved Liu Yi so much that Liu Yi was jealous of his first wife. The first wife poisoned the bean juice. She never thought that the bean juice would be drunk by Wang Xing's wealthy businessmen. Liu Yi found that the situation was not good and quickly fled to Hankou with his mother. During the crisis, he met a familiar Mianyang student. The students took their mother and daughter to Wuchang and called their classmates to discuss the resettlement methods. When she joined the advisory committee, the students gave generously to help her study in the women's vocational school founded by Jin. Among the helpers were party member Yang Yuru and Yang Yuru, who secretly planned the progress of the armed uprising. It was through the two of them that Gong Liu, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China (CPC), met Liu Yi.

Gong Liu, chairman of communist party, donated money for the revolution.

Formerly known as Bing Biao, also known as Xiang, 1968 was born in a wealthy family in Dawangzhou, Xiangyang County. His father, Liu Zijing, used to be a martial artist in the Qing Dynasty and was called Liu Million. Fourth Uncle Liu Zilin went to the Qing Dynasty as a doctor, that is, the official in charge of salt monopoly in the Ministry of Finance. 1902, Gong Liu went to Japan to study and graduated from East Asia Wentong College. /kloc-entered the academy to study military affairs in 0/904, and initiated the 20th century zhina with Song, Tian Tong and others. 300 yuan was all donated by Gong Liu. 1905 Join the League and donate 5000 silver tickets to publish People's Daily. It is said that Sun Yat-sen, Premier of the League, wrote "What is a signature?" ? Uncle Sun Wen? Due bill:? Amethyst, Uncle Dao and Aunt Dao have received remittance of 5,200 yuan. It is hereby certified that they will be returned together after the revolution is successful. ?

1906 during the Pingyi uprising, Gong Liu once returned to China. After the failure of the uprising, he returned to Tokyo, Japan, and entered the Department of Political Economy of Meiji University. 1907, participated in the organization of the revolutionary organization meeting of the Jianghu Association Party, and was elected as the third president. 19 10 He returned to China to treat lung disease and was regarded as the god of wealth by revolutionary comrades such as Sun Wu and Jiao Dafeng. At that time, the members of the Progressive Party in Hubei and Hunan provinces, who pursued the principle of upholding justice for heaven and serving the public, mainly adopted the following ways to raise revolutionary funds: First, theft. It is said that there is a golden Buddha in a temple in Guangji County. Jiao Dafeng sold his land and stepped on it. Finally, six people were sent to steal the golden Buddha. Unfortunately, on the way, they met with an official arrest. They thought that they were discovered by the other party and had to abandon the golden Buddha in other places. The second is kidnapping and extortion. Zou Yongcheng, party member of Hunan Progressive Party, came to Wuhan and reported that his aunt lived in Baguajing, Wuchang, and had a large amount of gold and silver jewelry. If she can get it through art, it should be used for revolution. Everyone said yes when they heard it, so they found the army doctor to match * * *, and Zou Yongcheng bought good wine and medicine. Pretending that there will be a long trip, I came to say goodbye to my aunt. Two people drinking in the house, sun wu, waiting outside. For a long time, I heard Zou Yanxiao smile. Zou Yongcheng came out and said to them: This medicine doesn't work, it's in the way. ? Zou Yongcheng was unwilling, and finally tricked his aunt's youngest son, that is, his cousin, into Hankou, saying that he wanted his aunt to redeem the hostages and successfully blackmailed him to 800 yuan Ocean. The third is publicity and influence. Liu Xiangou, a businessman from Liuyang, sold Xiabu to Hankou and met Jiao Dafeng at the inn. Jiao Dafeng publicized the revolution to Liu Xiangou, and Liu was deeply moved. He swore to join the Progressive Party, and gave all Xia Bu to Jiao Dafeng and Sun Wu as revolutionary funds. The fourth is to sell the ancestral property. Zhang Zhenwu returned to his hometown in Zhushan and persuaded his father to sell more than 100 houses in the city. Before studying in Japan and running a school in Wuchang, he had sold his property twice. The fifth is to mobilize donations. The first donor they targeted was Gong Liu, the third chairman of the Communist Party of China.

At that time, the Qing court issued a decree that international students should have a big exam and pilot students should have different official titles. Gong Liu's father, Liu Zijing, has a heavy heart for fame and fortune. He hopes that Gong Liu can take the exam in Beijing and become famous. Tao Dekun, Gong Liu's cousin, recently returned from studying in the United States. At that time, he was the dean of Hubei Higher Business School and the financial adviser of the vassal government. Gong Liu asked him to talk to his father, Liu Zijing. Tao Dekun lied that there was a Japanese military attache in China to help smooth the relationship, and he urgently needed 8200 silver to donate to Taiwan. If you want to get rich, you must be a big official first. It is not difficult to be a big official and make a fortune. America is a typical example. My cousin Gong Liu is a Japanese student. He just donated one. ? Liu Zijing thought twice, saying that even if he donated twenty-two thousand pieces of silver to get a Daotai mansion, so be it. Liu Zilin, the fourth uncle of Gong Liu, expressed his support and took the lead in spreading out 5,200 taels of silver. He exchanged silver tickets at Fancheng Shaanxi Bank and handed them to Gong Liu. Gong Liu's aunt, Pan Shanbo, was entrusted by the Communist Party of China to welcome Gong Liu, who received a huge sum of money, back to Han. Gong Liu's younger brother Liu Tong then came to Wuhan to study with 3,200 taels of silver.

In order to transfer 5,200 taels of silver to the revolutionary fund as soon as possible, Sun Wu, Yang Yuru and others introduced Liu Yi, aged 19, to Gong Liu, aged 30, and then the gendarme Peng Chufan came to you and threatened to report Gong Liu as a revolutionary without handing over the silver. According to Yang Yuru's memory, in the early summer of 19 1 1, Gong Liu came to Wuhan with a huge sum of money. Because he was weak and needed rest, and for the convenience of living with Liu Yi, he rented Xiongchu Building 10 Jin Liang Mansion in the north of the city. There is a two-story building with a combination of Chinese and western styles in the back. Gong Liu and Liu Yi live upstairs, while Yang Yuru and his wife live downstairs. Yang Yuru asked Liu Yi to persuade Gong Liu to take money to finance the revolution. Gong Liu said helplessly: To put it bluntly, this money was cheated in front of my father and brother. ? He counted all the certificates and silver tickets in public and handed them over to Sun Wu for handling. After handing over the silver ticket, Gong Liu was appointed as the first governor after the successful uprising by revolutionaries.

The revolutionary career of the first female official

19110191August 16, 2008, the political preparatory office, mainly presided over by the progressive association, went from Rongchang, which is located in Xinsheng Road, Hankou. Mr. Liu and Mrs. Liu also live in a rented house in Baoshan Lane 1 in the same alley.

On the afternoon of 141October 91kloc-0/August 18, Gong Liu, Sun Wu and others were in Baoshan, the Russian concession in Hankou, making various preparations for the upcoming Wuchang Shouyi. Sun Wu, sitting by the window, made a bomb with a washbasin. Ding Lizhong and Li Chunxuan (Zuo Dong) cover the printed military banknotes on the round table. Wang Boyu was cleaning up the papers, but Deng Yulin went shopping and didn't come back. Liu Tong, who was passing by temporarily, stood beside Sun Wu and watched curiously. Sun Wu suddenly caused explosive detonation due to excessive use of sulfuric acid, and his face and right hand were burned. The flying explosives also burned Wang Boyu's right eye. Li Chunxuan hurriedly took off the gown from the hanger and put it on Sun Wu's head. Li Chunxuan, Ding Lizhong and two army comrades together sent Sun Wu to Tongren Hospital opened by the Japanese in the French Concession from the back door. Xu, the translator of the hospital director, is an old friend of Sun Wu.

After the explosive exploded, smoke came out from the windows and roofs, and others fled to the office of the Progressive Party in hankou road's No.98 Bear House. Neighbors shouted for help, and Russian police rushed in and rushed out. They found explosives, flags, armbands, registers, announcements and stamped banknotes, and took Liu Xieqing away for interrogation.

Deng Yulin bought a watch and was afraid to come into the house. Turn around and rush to Changqing to meet Li, Li and others. Gong Liu thought that he and Liu Yi rented a house in Baoshan Li 1, which still contained some secret documents. Fearing falling into the hands of Russian police, he asked Liu Tong to accompany Liu Yi to rescue them. The two returned to Baoshan and were about to open the door. They were arrested by the Russian police on the spot and handed over to Ruicheng, Governor of Huguang, together with Liu Xieqing and Wang, Wang and Wang who lived in Baoshan. Ruicheng immediately held a trial. Wang, Wang, Wang and others are ordinary residents and have nothing to do with the revolutionary party, so they didn't leave a confession. Although Liu Xieqing is a revolutionary, dressing up as an ordinary citizen has not attracted much attention. As a woman, Liu Yi was not tortured. Although Liu Tong, dressed as a student, has attracted attention, no relevant interrogation record has been found so far. Some reminiscence articles identify Liu Tong? Confess? , but lack of conclusive evidence to support.

Appointed by Sun Wu, Xie, Mei Baodi, Xing and others crossed the river and went to the Military Department of the General Organ of the Literary Society at No.85 Xiaochao Street (now Fuxing Road, Wuchang). Together with Jiang Yiwu, Liu Fuji, Peng Chufan and others, they made the decision of uprising in the middle of the night. Because the governor of Huguang Ruicheng ordered the city gate to be implemented, the uprising order could not be delivered to the new army camp outside the city in time. At about 10 in the afternoon, Xiaochao Street was uncovered, six people including Liu Fuji and Peng Chufan were arrested, and Jiang Yiwu fled the city. Then more than forty people, including Yang Hongsheng, were arrested everywhere.

10 191kloc-0/on the morning of August, 200819, Liu Fuji, Peng Chufan and Yang Hongsheng were beheaded. More than a dozen people, including Zhang Tingfu, were also arrested. Ruicheng ordered all the officers and men in the barracks not to leave the camp, and told party member to surrender. At about 7 pm, the 2 1 mixed meeting outside the city caught fire. At about 8 o'clock, Cheng, a soldier from the engineering battalion of Chengba Town, fired the first shot. Lead the party member Uprising, occupy the hangar of the King of Chu * * *, elect team officer tachileik as temporary commander-in-chief, and organize attacks on the government and other military and political organs. After a night of fierce fighting, revolutionaries occupied the whole Wuchang City, and Ruicheng, governor of Huguang, fled to the Chuyu ship, and Zhang Biao, the prefect, led the remnants to retreat to Liu Jia Temple in Hankou.

After the success of Wuchang Shouyi, Li was elected as the commander-in-chief of the army, and those who were late for escaping arrest had to be transferred to the director of Sheshan Hall in Wuchang. Liu Yi once served as the seal supervisor of the Supervision Institute, becoming the first female official in the history of the Republic of China. She specially set up a reception station in the office of Sheshan Baobing Hall, which is responsible for receiving women who actively responded to Wuchang's first meaning. About Liu Yi's mental outlook and revolutionary style, English missionary Edwin? In his English book "The Witness of the Revolution of 1911", Dingle recorded the advocacy and introduction of Gong Liu, which is hard to distinguish between true and false. My wife is an ardent revolutionary. Recently, she went to Shanghai to organize a female legion. According to the plan, she pretended to be a poor businesswoman and threw a bomb at the governor's house. This will mark the beginning of the uprising. ?

Women in Huangpi, Hubei Province took the initiative to write to them, asking them to join the army and kill the enemy. After receiving the letter, Li ordered the printer of the Supervision Department to handle it. Because there was no female soldier system at that time, Liu Yi was very embarrassed after receiving the approval order. Lu Guoxiang, Yao Xueqin, Liu Yuanqun and others wrote to Li again, requesting to organize women's northern expedition. Li approved them to organize, with Wu Shuqing as the captain. This incident was hyped by many newspapers at that time, which caused a sensation in Hubei and all parts of the country, thus forming a craze for women to join the army. A young woman named Fu Cuiyun married a young man named Cao Daoxing in order to join the army and kill the enemy, and then both husband and wife signed up for the army. The officer in charge of receiving the husband and wife soldiers also made an exception and let them serve in the military camp during the day and go home to rest in the same room at night.

One of Wuchang's first leaders, the League elder, recorded the love story between himself at the age of 36 and Zhong, a 20-year-old student member of the Women's Northern Expedition Team. Zhong was appointed as the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of Nanjing in early 2002. This love story with historical document value is indirectly related to Liu Yiyou, so it is copied as follows:

After the recovery of Nanjing, there were many troops. Li Zhuzhongxie and Song Jun were stationed in Taoyuan, including the women's northern expedition team. I heard Tian say that Li Zhuzhong is an enthusiastic comrade of Nanyang Department, so I went to visit him. Because Sunshine is Liu Yi's boss, he knows Wu Shuqing and Liu Yuanqun. Descendants come and go to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and call each other very close. When the Republic was founded, the ministries drafted the names Taiqing and Shao Qing. At the League meeting, it was suggested that those who agreed should be retained by Yu Yu, and the heirs should be formally discussed to be named. This was ancient, but it contained autocratic feudalism and did not conform to the Republican system. It must be called the total length and the second length. However, tea and wine still reveal green words. After the dissolution of the Northern Expeditionary Army, women returned to their places. They got to know another student, Zhong, because of a visit to Geely Liu Yuanqun Girls' Law and Politics School in Chengdu Road Town. In autumn and August, he married Zhong and got married at a friend's place. Chen and Hu introduced Mr. Wu Zhihui as the guest.

19 12 March 10, Yuan Shikai became the provisional president of the Republic of China after Sun Yat-sen, and Gong Liu resigned as the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition in Zuo Jun and the Anfu Ambassador in Henan, and was later appointed as a senior adviser to the Presidential Palace. Liu Yi followed Gong Liu to Beijing, initiated and organized the Chen Bing Club together with Hubei Shouyi people in Beijing, and published publications to publicize his political opinions. After Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, Liu Yi and Gong Liu discussed Yuan on the beach. 19 17, Liu Yi returned to Xiangyang with Gong Liu, and instigated Xiangyun to guard Li Tiancai and arise to protect him. 1920 Gong Liu died in Shanghai, and Liu Yi, who was only 27 years old, went back to Xiangyang to worship Buddha and was widowed.

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As Liu Yi has no children, he depends on Gong Liu's nephew for the rest of his life. 195 1 On New Year's Eve, Liu Yi, who became a landlord in the land reform movement, died in his sleep. Afraid of local intervention, the family had to assemble a coffin with several door panels, pull Liu Yi's body under an old locust tree near the Dawangzhou River embankment in Jin Dong, Xiangyang, and bury it in a hurry. This heroine, who was all-powerful before and after the Revolution of 1911, did not even leave a grave or a tombstone after her death.