What is the fate of Shi?

Shi, a native of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Han nationality, now lives in Nanzhuluo Village, Zhuji, Zhejiang. Xi is one of the four beauties in ancient China, also known as Xi Zi.

Xi Shi, together with the stories of Wang Zhaojun, Diophantine and Yang Yuhuan, is called the four beauties in ancient China, among which Shi is the first, which is the embodiment and synonym of beauty. The four beauties enjoy the appearance of "closing the moon and feeling ashamed of flowers, sinking fish and falling geese". It is a historical allusion composed of wonderful stories that "the moon is closed and the flowers are ashamed, and the fish sink and the geese fall".

Sink fish

According to legend, the stones of the ancient state of Yue washed gauze by the Huansha stream. When the fish in the water saw her amazing appearance, they all felt ashamed and sank to the bottom of the river.

wild goose

Legend has it that when Zhaojun went to the Great Wall, he was on his way to the desert, feeling sad about his fate and being far away from his hometown, and suddenly he was bored and played Song of the Great Wall. And the geese flying over the horizon, hearing the bitterness and sadness of the tune, were heartbroken and fell to the ground. Therefore, the "wild goose" in "Falling Fish and Wild Goose" got its name.

A closed moon

Legend has it that in the garden of Yue Bai, a cloud obscured the moonlight and was seen by Wang Yun. Since then, Wang Yun told people that The Story Of Diu Sim is more beautiful than the moon, calling it "the moon is closed".

The shame of flowers

Legend has it that in the garden, Yang Yuhuan and Shang Huashi lamented their fate, stroking flowers with their hands, perhaps mimosa, or for other reasons. The petals contracted and the leaves drooped. When the maid-in-waiting saw it, she said that Yang Guifei was more beautiful than the flowers, and the flowers bowed their heads in shame.

"When a fish sinks, a wild goose falls" is an idiom, which is usually attributed to The Theory of Everything in Zhuangzi: "Mao Cong and Li Ji are beautiful, the fish is deep, the bird is flying, and the elk is sudden. Who knows the true face of the world? " It means animals can't feel the beauty of people. Some people think that the Song Dynasty sang the poem "Huan Sha Pian" in the Tang Dynasty: "The bird is surprised as a pineapple, and the fish is afraid of the lotus." It is the origin of this idiom, so I think that sinking fish represents beauty.

The other four beauties are Zaphod, Xi, Shi, da ji and. Instead, it becomes: "Laugh and praise the disease, the beauty is cruel, da ji is drunk, and Yang Fei is drunk".

In fact, none of us have seen the beauty. According to textual research, the four ancient beauties, Stone, Diophantine, Wang Zhaojun and Yang Guifei, are actually flawed.

The disadvantage of Xi is that his feet are bigger. Shi is a Bigfoot who invented the foot-binding skirt. It should be obvious that the story of diusim has one big eye and one small eye. Although everyone's eyes are big and small, it's obvious that you can't tell them, but the story estimated by Diusim is quite obvious. Wang Zhaojun is a smooth shoulder, so he invented shoulder pads. Yang Guifei is fine. On the surface, she is quite normal and conforms to the aesthetics of the Tang Dynasty. She is fat, and her height is only 1.64 meters. But what I don't think everyone knows is that Yang Guifei has body odor, so she especially likes taking a bath.

There is another version about the defects of the four beauties. Legend has it that stone ears are small, so craftsmen are asked to make earrings, and the rear helix is elongated to make up for the defects. Wang Zhaojun had big feet, so he asked the tailor to cut a long skirt and mop the floor gracefully, which covered up the shortcomings of big feet. Deusim's story made her smell bad, so she ordered the maid to collect flowers from the back garden and make spices to wipe her whole body. Suddenly, they are fragrant and more charming. Yang Guifei walked with heavy steps and her shoes rattled, which made people bored. So she wore two bronze bells and jade. She walked Shanshan, gold and jade collided, jingled, and had a unique charm. The harsh footsteps disappeared in the sweet gold and jade. [Edit this paragraph] People's evaluation of beautiful women is also flawed. In addition, the ancient people's aesthetics are different from modern people's, so the so-called four ancient beauties are not necessarily modern real beauties.

Shi, formerly known as Shi Yiguang, was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Born beautiful. At that time, Yue claimed to be a vassal state of Wu, and Gou Jian, the king of Yue, tried to revive the country. When the country was in trouble, Shi endured humiliation and gave his life for the country. Together with Zheng Dan, she was introduced by Gou Jian, the King of Yue, to Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and became his favorite concubine. She confused the King of Yue with his relatives and left him behind, thus playing a cover role for Gou Jian's comeback and showing the noble thoughts and sentiments of a patriotic woman. After Wu was finally destroyed by Gou Jian. After the death of Wu, Shi lost his news. There are many kinds of endings about her, most likely being put into a bag by the King of Yue and drowned in the water. I also heard that "it is said that I liked the beauty of the stone first, but I was afraid that Gou Jian would commit suicide like Fu Cha got rid of Wu Zixu. After Wu's death, Hangyin went boating in the five lakes with his teacher to do business. "

Shi Yiguang lived in Yue State (now Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Treacherous court official Wu Wang destroyed Wu, but the notoriety was on stone. Back in those days, that Hu Shui rolled and sounded like a beautiful woman. Zhuluo Mountain is next to the Huanjiang River, and there is a Huansha stone in the river. It is said that Xi Shi often washes gauze here, hence the name Xi Shi Beach. Shi was born beautiful, and her talent is unparalleled. According to legend, even the morbidness of frowning and caressing the chest was imitated by neighbors, so there was an allusion of "learning from the east". In the third year of Gou Jian, the King of Yue (494 BC), Fu Cha defeated the State of Yue in Fujiao (now southwest of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). Gou Jian, the King of Yue, retreated to Huiji Mountain (now south of Shaoxing, Zhejiang), was besieged by Wu Jun, and was forced to make peace with Wu, where Gou Jian became a hostage. After his release, Gou Jian designed a plan to "get Shi and these two working girls in Zhuji Luoshan" for the weakness of "the prince of Wu is lustful" and prepared to give it to the prince of Wu. A maid-in-waiting favored by the King of Yue said: "A real beauty must have three conditions, one is beauty, the other is being good at singing and dancing, and the third is posture." History only has the first condition, but it lacks the other two conditions. So, I spent three years teaching singing, dancing, walking and manners.

Shi worked hard, danced gracefully in melodious music, and then trained etiquette. A girl who plays tulle has become a very cultured maid-in-waiting, showing physical beauty and treating people appropriately. Then, he made her a magnificent palace dress and presented it to the king of Wu. Prince Fu Cha was overjoyed. He built spring night Palace in Gusu, a large pool with a dragon boat in it. He played with the stone and built pavilions for it to sing, dance and feast, such as pavilions and mourning halls. Shi is good at dancing. Fu Cha specially built a "noisy corridor" for her. She used hundreds of vats, covered them with boards and put them on.

There have always been different opinions about life or death. To sum up, there are generally four versions.

First of all, Shen Hai said

Legend has it that after Gou Jian destroyed Wu, his wife secretly told someone to cheat a stone, tied a stone to it and sank into the sea. What's more, it is said that there is a tongue-shaped writing in the sediments along the coast. Everyone says it is the tongue of stone, so it is called "the tongue of stone". When Yu Dafu, a famous writer, was in Fujian in 1930s, he also praised Changle's "Xishi Tongue" as the best in Fujian cuisine.

Second, the theory of seclusion.

This statement is also very popular. It was first seen in Yuan Kang's Yue Jue Shu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is recorded: "After Wu's death, the stone returned and went with the five lakes." There is a similar saying in Hu Yinglin's "Small Room Pen Cong" in the Ming Dynasty, which is considered as a lover or wife. After the death of Wu, he lived in seclusion with his teacher. Zheng Yang (Volume II) and Poems by Chen in Ming Dynasty also quoted Yue Jue Shu as saying that poems followed seclusion.

Third, the theory of falling into the water

Perhaps kind people don't want Shi, an innocent and weak woman, to have a tragic ending, so they find out the poem "Huansha" by Song, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty: "Once in the old capital, you can find beauty; According to "birds are surprisingly relaxed, fish are heavy and afraid of lotus flowers", it is believed that Shi returned to his hometown after Wu's death and accidentally fell into the water while washing gauze. This seems to be the most ideal, but it lacks the most evidence.

Fourth, the theory of killing

This statement can be said to be purely from legend. According to legend, when the King of Wu committed suicide and died, the Wu people vented their anger on their bodies, wrapped her in brocade and sank into the hinterland of the Yangtze River. According to Dongpo's Record of Foreign Bodies: "There are mermaids in the Yangtze River, also known as Xishi Fish. Their daily quantity is easy to change, and the meat is delicious. If women eat it, it can increase their charm. According to the cloud system, Xi Shi sank into the river and became an illusion. "

Among the four versions, Shen Hai's theory and Hermit's theory are the most popular, and the related evidence materials are also the most.

The reason for "sinking to the bottom of the sea" is:

Mozi? 6? The article "1 pro-scholar" says: "It is the death of old age, and its resistance is also; Meng Ben's killing was brave; Beauty of beauty lies in beauty of beauty. Wu Qi's split is also a matter. " Among them, the "God" in Xi Shi Shen means "God" in ancient times. The stone was submerged in the water and she died because of her beauty.

Zhao Ye's Wu Yue Chun Qiu in the Eastern Han Dynasty? 6? 1 One piece said: "The more you float in the west, the more you apply to the river, and you will die with the barbarians." "Magnolia" quoted the records of the history in the Spring and Autumn Annals as saying: "After Wu's death, the more he drifted across the river, the more he died. "Yang Shen's Complete Works of Taishi Sheng 'an in Ming Dynasty, volume sixty-eight, the beauty, Wu Yue Spring and Autumn Period cited by Xiuwen Yulan? 6? The article "1 piece" also said: "When the king of Wu was defeated, the more he drifted to the west and gave it to the river, the more he died with the barbarians. "The word' floating' here also means' sinking'.

In many literati's poems, there are also many descriptions about the stone sinking into the river and dying. Li shangyin once wrote a quatrain in Jingyang well: "Jingyang palace is sad, and the oath period is endless;" The water outside the Wu Palace is heartbroken, and the muddy mud is still buried. " Another poet, Pi Rixiu, also has a poem called Looking Back at the Ancient Palace. The fifth poem is: "the golden steps of the corridor, the corpses of the leading edge are collected and continued on the Apple Mountain; I don't know where the water is buried today, and the stream and the moon are bent. "

The reason for "seclusion" is:

Yuan Kang's "Moon Decision Book" in the Eastern Han Dynasty records that the moon is decorated with beautiful women and given to the king of Wu by doctors. Wu Wang Da Yue. "This is similar to Wu Yue Chun Qiu, but it has a different ending. According to legend, after the teacher died in Wu, he returned and went to the five lakes together. "

There are many descriptions of seclusion in ancient poetry. For example, Li Bai wrote in the poem "Xi Poetry": "Once the tea is broken, it will never come back."

Su Shi also wrote in the poem "Hidden in the Water Dragon": "When the five lakes smell the boat, they still take the calligraphy."

There is a sentence in Du Mu's Poem of Du Niang: "When he learned calligraphy in Gusu, he chased the barbarians one by one."

"Ci Hai" (revised edition) also said: "It is the son of Xi Shi. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Yue people were presented to Fu Cha, the king of Wu, by Gou Jian, the king of Yue, and became Fu Cha's favorite concubine. Legend has it that after Wu died, he entered the five lakes. "

Wu Yue Chun Qiu and Yue Jue Shu are contemporary works, but their records of historical ending are also different, which is the beginning of different versions of historical ending. Different opinions about the ending of the surname in ancient Chinese poetry are based on this. The author believes that to determine which is more reasonable, we must consult earlier works, and the key lies in how to understand two concepts: one is the understanding of "Xi Shi" in Mozi, and the other is the understanding of "Yi".

The first is the understanding of "Xi history". According to Shenhai Shuo, Mozi, which was earlier than Wu Yue Chun Qiu and Yue Jue Shu, clearly wrote the history of Shen Xi. Judging from Mozi's age, he was born in about 468 BC and died in the first 376 years, while Yue Wu died in 473 BC, and Mozi was just a little late. Mozi was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period, which is the end of wuyue's story. He is also a native, closely related to wuyue, or has heard or witnessed the heroic drama of wuyue's story, so he is the most authoritative witness. His record should be the closest to the historical truth. However, the author thinks that the stone in Mozi is a well-known beauty in the pre-Qin period, which is not only mentioned in Mozi, but also mentioned in Zhuangzi, Mencius and Guanzi. From this, it is concluded that wuyue's surname is different from his surname when he was fighting for hegemony (see Textual Research on Xi's surname for details). "Pro-scholar" wrote: "Like doing things, it is not good. Shang Meng's killing was brave. Beauty of beauty lies in beauty of beauty. Wu Qi's split is also a matter. " Among them, Bigan, Meng Ben and Wu Qi are all recorded in Sima Qian's Historical Records, so it can be concluded that there is a person in history, and it is inferred that Shi should also be a real person. When Sima Qian wrote about people and things related to wuyue's hegemony, he didn't mention stone at all, which proved that the stone mentioned in Mozi was not the beauty of wuyue's hegemony.

The second is the understanding of "Yi". What does "Yi Yi" mean? "Yi Yi" originally refers to a bird-shaped wine container made of bronze in Xia and Shang Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, wine was filled in skins, but it was still called "Yi". A Qing's "Notes on Ren Shutang" records: "During Qin and Gong Dynasties, people beheaded cattle and sheep, gouged out meat in the air as skins, and the big one received a stone, while the small one received two or three fights, which was called chaos, that is, the ancient one was easy." So "clothing" means a leather bag made of the whole skin of cattle and sheep. "Sinking into the sea" means "The more Xi Shi floats on the river, the more he dies with the barbarians". After the death of Wu, the King of Yue put Xi Shi in a leather bag and sank into the river. And continue to quote Wu Yue Chun Qiu? 6? It is recorded in 1 Biography of Fu Cha: "The King of Wu threw Zi Xu's body into the river with a weapon to defend against foreign countries." The word "Yi Yi" in this passage is synonymous with Wu Zixu. After Wu Zixu's death, he was put in a funeral instrument and thrown into the river. According to this understanding, the extension of the stone was given to the king of Wu by the King of Yue. After Wu's death, the King of Yue sank the stone into the river and went with Wu Zixu instead of rowing with him. However, the author still thinks that Wu Yue Chun Qiu is unofficial history, and what it records is not the truth of history. This is not credible. It is worth mentioning that the "Yi Yi" here, Du Mu thinks, is not a purse explanation, but refers to Fan Li, because Historical Records? 6? 1 The family of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, said that after his death in Wu, he changed his name and called himself Li Pi. The author thinks that replacing Fan Li with "Yi Li" is valid, because Fan Li lives in seclusion and tries to hide his name and prevent the King of Yue from killing him. It is impossible for him to take such a striking name as "Yi Li" which is associated with history and Wu Zixu's death.