What are the improvements and developments of pot throwing in Han Dynasty?

In the third year of the Western Han Dynasty, that is, in the winter of 142, there was a scholar named Shen Tu in Jiangling. Although he is only 19 years old, he is very talented. Before long, Shen Tu's talent was recognized by the imperial court, which sent him to the north to be a county captain, so he went north from Jiangling alone. Shen Tu has been driving for two days. On the third day at dusk, he went to a mountain forest and was suddenly caught in a snowstorm. It's a long way from here to the previous post office. In the storm and blizzard, Shen Tucheng was tired from the journey, and the post horses under him screamed and dared not walk any more. Shen Tuhuan looked around and suddenly found a hut covered with snow in the forest, and the chimney on the hut kept spewing smoke.

Shen Tu was overjoyed. He led the horse to knock on the wooden door of the hut. An old man opened the door, and the hut was very narrow. There is a brazier in the center of the hall. The charcoal in the brazier is as red as copper. Next to the brazier, sat a woman in her fifties and a girl of seventeen or eighteen.

The old man was hospitable and greeted Shen Tu warmly with a red face. The old woman went to the back room to get pickled chicken, bacon and so on. She hung a pot on the brazier and cooked dinner for Shen Tu with the girl. Shen Tu and the old man drink and laugh, which is very harmonious.

Because the old man lives in the mountains and has little knowledge, he is very happy to hear what Shen Tu said about the outside.

Although it is ice and snow outside, Shen Tu always takes a peek at the girl sitting by the fireside when she is sitting beside a boiling hot pot and chatting with her family. Shen Tu only felt his skin as snow and his face as lotus. Although the girl is dressed in coarse clothes, her appearance and temperament are dignified and beautiful, and she stands out from the crowd. Shen Tu couldn't control his eyes for a while. He kept going to see the girl, and it became difficult to speak. While drinking, the old man stared at the uninvited guests in the snow with great interest. He liked this talented young man very much and decided to make him his son-in-law. So the old man said to the girl, "Daughter, come and have a drink with the guests!" " "The girl shyly raised her glass, and after a few glasses of wine, two purples flew up on her cheeks.

The old man decided to help them, so he pretended to be drunk and threw his cup on the ground. He buried his head in several boxes and pretended to snore. The old woman helped the old man to sleep in the back room, and they left Shen Tu and the girl beside the brazier.

Shen tu looked at the girl blankly, but didn't know what to say. Because girls are reserved and don't talk, the atmosphere is very embarrassing.

Shen Tuhuan looked around. He saw a water bottle on the cupboard of the girl's house. It is very delicate, with a narrow mouth and a big belly. Shen Tu had a brainwave. He raised his chopsticks and said to the girl, "Why don't we compete?"? We throw water bottles on the counter with chopsticks, and each person throws them 10 times. Whoever loses will sing a song. What do you think? "

The girl was having fun and nodded with a smile. The two men stood up. They held chopsticks about 7 feet apart and began to throw them into the water bottle.

Because Shen Tu learned archery, throwing chopsticks was a trivial matter, and he quickly hit 10 10. Shen Tu's skill is very popular with girls. It's just that the girl can't do it. She threw 10 times before hitting twice. She pouted angrily and complained that the bottle mouth was too small.

Shen Tu went over and taught the girl how to throw it. He taught girls the posture and technique of throwing pots. Sure enough, after the girl learned it, 10 can be thrown in six or seven times!

The girl likes this game very much. She also worships Shen Tu's erudition and mastery of archery, and has moved to Shen Tu. She became closer to Shen Tu through the game of throwing pots, so she dared to chat with Shen Tu, and her words were full of love.

Shen Tu attracted the girl's interest by smashing the pot, and he was happy to know the girl's mind. Early the next morning, Shen Tu proposed to the girl's parents, and she really got married, which made a story of a gifted scholar and a beautiful woman.

This is a short story of the Han Dynasty in China, which shows that in the Han Dynasty, people linked their feelings and intimate relationships through pot throwing activities, and also shows the popularity of pot throwing games in the Han Dynasty.

In the Han dynasty, there were more records about throwing pots. The game of cauldron is also mentioned in Huainanzi written by Liu An, the king of Huainan, the royal family of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Qian, a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty, also recorded the grand occasion of throwing a pot in Historical Records, and also told a story of throwing a pot in Historical Records and Biography of Funny Stories.

These records show that this kind of pot-throwing game not only existed in the court at that time, but also spread and developed widely among the people. Moreover, the pan-throwing game that was circulated among the people at that time was completely an entertainment activity, with no more etiquette.

Although folk pot-throwing has become a pure entertainment game, it has become more elegant in the literati class. In the Han Dynasty, pot throwing gradually changed from banquet etiquette to elegant competition in the upper class, and the pots used for pot throwing were gradually separated from the hip flask, and the styles were also obviously increased. Compared with the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the play and shape of the pan-throwing game in Han Dynasty have been greatly improved. The first is that people in the Han dynasty made pots specially used for pot throwing games, instead of simply replacing them with flagons.

Later, the original porcelain with water ripples of the Western Han Dynasty unearthed in Chang 'an was thrown into a pot, with a height of 0.26 meters and a belly diameter of 0. 17 meters. The spout is round, the neck is very high, and it is cylindrical, with blue glaze and hanging glaze under the shoulders. High circle feet, neck and shoulders decorated with chords and water ripples. It is rare that the pot throwing has been preserved so completely for more than 2,000 years.

Secondly, the arrow used for projection is no longer just a shaft, but a special bamboo arrows. On the basis of this improvement, the throwing method of the pot-throwing game has also been innovated. People in the Han Dynasty invented a game called Xiao. In fact, it is also a way to use resilience.

Because when throwing the pot, people specially put adzuki beans in the pot to prevent the arrow from falling out of the pot because of its elasticity. When you throw the pot in a small way, you don't need to put adzuki beans in the pot, but also deliberately let the inner wall of the pot reflect the arrow back, so that you can throw the pot repeatedly with one arrow.

Later, the portrait of the Eastern Han Dynasty unearthed in Shagangdian, Nanyang vividly depicts the scene of throwing pots at that time. The throwing pot used at this time is similar to the shape of the later ear piercing bottle.

In the ancient books of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when writing the shape of throwing a pot in the Han Dynasty, it was said that it was two feet high, with a belly repaired, decorated with gold and silver, and engraved with words.

It can be seen that the pot that throws the pot at this time is specially made for the game of throwing the pot. This jar is about 0.6 meters high.

It is nearly 0.2 meters higher than that in the pre-Qin period. There are also Han brown glazed relief hunting pottery pots unearthed in Shaanxi, with a height of 0.42m and a diameter of 0.16m. From the appearance, it is actually more like a pot.

According to ancient records, a water tank with a height of 0.36 m, an outer diameter of 0. 1 1 m and an inner diameter of about 0.09 m appeared at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is very similar to the water tank of the Han Dynasty depicted in the stone relief "Throwing Pots" in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The appearance of this bottle also laid the groundwork for the birth of ear piercing bottle in the future. In the Han dynasty, throwing pots became an indispensable activity for the upper class of society. The ancient song of the Han dynasty wrote: the master drinks and plays the piano for the sake of Qing merchants. Throw a pot to play chess, and the game will resume.

In the Han Dynasty, people linked the smashing of pots with singing, which shows that the smashing of pots has become an important part of the life of princes, nobles and eunuchs. Of course, as a kind of etiquette in the Han Dynasty, the game of throwing pots is completely a part of Confucian culture. It was a very serious thing to smash the pot, but because it usually appeared at banquets, other cultural factors were gradually added.

In particular, Taoism and Confucianism gradually moved from disputes to integration, which also added a lot of Taoist things to the pot-throwing game.

With the religiousization of Taoism, the tendency of religious education has gradually appeared in the game of throwing pots. The religious tendency of throwing pot games is related to the gradual decline of China's ritual and music culture. Later, with the gradual decline of the Zhou Dynasty and its ritual and music system, the pot-throwing activities in the Han Dynasty gradually became popular among the people, and there was a tendency of entertainment in games.

Not only people, but also emperors and officials often take part in pot-throwing games, which makes pot-throwing activities spread more widely.

Liu Xin, a famous writer in the Han Dynasty, recorded in his Miscellanies of Xijing that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty liked the game of throwing pots very much. At that time, Mrs. Guo was very popular because of her superb skill in throwing pots.

The history of Dongguan Han Ji also records the popularity of the game of throwing pots in the military. At that time, many generals feasted and were sure to sing and smash the pot. There is a similar record in the Biography of Ji Zun in the Later Han Dynasty.

At that time, when selecting talents, Ji Zun, an important general at that time, took the pot-throwing as one of the examination contents, and he had to play elegant music when throwing the pot.

All this shows that the game of throwing pots was very popular in the Han Dynasty, and it became more and more popular. In the Western Han Dynasty, pot throwing activities began to blend into funeral culture and became an expression of auspicious metaphor in religious belief ceremonies.

Han Dynasty stone reliefs and brick reliefs have the functions of religious belief and tomb sacrifice. Scholars who study Han Dynasty stone reliefs and brick reliefs generally believe that this is the result of Taoism's influence on secular funeral concepts in its germination and initial development. Therefore, the "head tiger" picture is not only a reflection of real life, but also a religious ceremony.

A pot-throwing portrait brick of Han Dynasty was unearthed in Nanyang, Henan Province. In the middle of this picture, there is a jar. The people involved in throwing pots are guests and hosts. They all held a bunch of arrows in one hand and an arrow in the other, making gestures to throw the pot.

At this time, two arrows have been thrown into the pot, and there is a three-legged wine bottle with a spoon on the left side of the pot. Participants in the pot throwing game knelt on both sides of the pot, and several spectators sat behind them.

In the Han Dynasty, as a game, tossing pot was more extensive, with the elements of ritual gradually decreasing and the elements of play increasing. In the pot-throwing picture of Nanyang Portrait, the pot-thrower and the audience can sit at will, some walk around, some talk and laugh.

With the passage of time, the ancient ritual and music system in the game of throwing pots gradually declined, but the ritual and music culture in the game of throwing pots did not die out. The ritual and music system of Shang and Zhou dynasties was completely inherited by Han people through the perfection and development of the pot-throwing game in Han Dynasty.