Shandong Quyi Drum

Shandong Quyi has a long history and rich inside information. It enjoys the reputation of "writing mountains and singing the sea" and is one of the provinces where folk rap art is more prosperous and developed in China. In the provincial intangible cultural heritage of Shandong Province, the drums in Quyi include Shandong drum, Jiaodong drum, Shandong octagonal drum, Shandong fishing drum, Donglu drum and Xihe drum (including Yangxin wooden drum).

Shandong drum is the originator of northern drum, which is said to have been formed in the late Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 350 years. Spread in the vast areas of Shandong, Jiangsu and Henan with Heze as the center. Formerly known as the Ploughshare Drum, it was named after its accompaniment instrument was a fragment of the Ploughshare. Since Travel Notes of Lao Can, it has been euphemistically called "pear drum". Later, it gradually developed into a complete rap performance form of a special half-moon pear piece accompanied by a changing-board aria, percussion on a short drum and three strings. Pear drum style is simple and rich in local flavor; The tune is high, both speaking and singing, both Tao and white; Describe the lyrical blending of Shandong drum.

Jiaodong drum is a popular form of drum music in Jiaodong Peninsula, with a history of about 250 years. It was originally created by the blind. In the early years, singers were storytellers and fortune tellers. After Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, it gradually developed into an early drumming tune combined with "back tune", and later absorbed the vocals of Donglong Drum, Laiyang Tanci and Qiang Mao, which gained new development. Jiaodong drum occupies an important position in Jiaodong folk culture and is a microcosm of the rich and colorful Jiaodong folk culture.

Shandong Fishing Drum is a folk rap art form originated from Daoqu in Tang Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the simple board accompanied by the fishing drum was widely spread since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and it was combined with folk songs in various popular areas to form their own different tunes. The content of singing is mainly historical traditions and folk stories, and the religious color is gradually fading. It is named "Fishing Drum" because of its main accompaniment instrument, commonly known as "Shandong Fishing Drum", which is popular in Shandong. The performance form of fishing drum is simple, with fishing drum and simple board, free singing, popular language and tunes suitable for narration and almost chanting.

Donglu Drum, also known as "Old Cave Mouth", evolved gradually under the influence of local operas such as Qiang Mao on the basis of singing in rural areas in eastern Shandong. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the pear flower drum was called "East Road Drum" because of its enduring. Its singing form is generally accompanied by drums and steel plates, and singers rap while beating drums and plates. The lyrics rhyme, and the prose is colorful and fascinating. The melody of Donglu drum is vigorous, lively and smooth, and the language is simple and popular, which is deeply loved by the masses, so there were countless folk artists who took storytelling as their profession at that time.

The predecessor of Xihe Drum is the black drum and wooden drum popular in Hebei, Shandong and Henan in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Mainly rap and long books, but also a few actors specialize in short arias. Xihe drum has two forms of performance: black boy and wooden drum. The black book is matched with the little three immortals, and the actors play and sing themselves; The wooden drum player knocked on the wooden board and the book drum. Later, these two kinds of Quyi artists performed on stage, accompanied by drums, boards and small three-string instruments.