What are the traditional customs in Guangzhou during the Spring Festival? What is its beautiful moral? Wealth reward 5!

The Collision and Blending of Old Customs in Guangzhou

On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, the clothes were washed;

On the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, clean the edge of the house;

On the 25 th of the twelfth lunar month, sweep the house for dust removal;

On the 26th of the twelfth lunar month, clean the barn;

On the 27 th of the twelfth lunar month, the inside and outside are washed into one;

On the 28th of the twelfth lunar month, clean the furniture;

On the 29th of the twelfth lunar month, all the dirt was removed.

On the evening of the 30 th, after the reunion dinner, I went to sell lazy.

Spring Festival, a Spring Festival. The long winter passed, the earth revived, plants sprouted, and spring bloomed, singing and dancing to welcome this romantic festival. How happy I am!

Guangzhou, a century-old commercial port along the coast of the South China Sea, has also brought this romance, publicity and joy to the extreme at this moment. Can't you see that the spring tide is surging in Mianmian Flower Street, and the flowers are blooming at the scene? Have you found that shops and restaurants are hung with lanterns, and people are like crucian carp, chariots and horses. Streets and alleys are filled with strong southern customs.

There are also Chinese New Year customs that have been passed down for thousands of years. Under the impact of foreign culture, it lasts forever. Spring Festival, since ancient times, has increasingly become a ceremony to safeguard the national spirit.

sing

The year is approaching.

How did the Spring Festival come about? There are many sayings. Some people think that it originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the beginning and end of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, while another popular folklore thinks that it was an ancestor who tried to drive away a harmful animal called Nian. It is said that this year will bring bad luck to people. When the year comes, the trees will wither and the grass will not grow. After the New Year, everything grows and flowers are everywhere. The reason for setting off firecrackers is to blow it away.

Perhaps for ordinary people, the origin of the Spring Festival is not important. What's important is that it has become the complex of Chinese people for thousands of years, and it is the most grand and lively traditional festival in China, and Guangzhou is no exception. "Lingnan folk customs are rooted in the Central Plains, and many of them are the same. However, as the saying goes:' Different winds in ten miles, different customs in a hundred miles', the traditional folk customs of Guangfu show a completely different style due to the relationship between region and crowd structure. " Ye Chunsheng, director of the Guangdong Provincial Folk Cultural Heritage Rescue Expert Committee and professor of folklore at Sun Yat-sen University, said.

Professor Ye has investigated and studied the traditional customs in Guangzhou, and he summarized the characteristics of Guangzhou customs as follows: (1) Thank you for entering the New Year early; Spring Festival market at the end of the year; New Year's Eve, mainly fried piles and oil angle; Release the door gun; Selling wealth (that is, "receiving the god of wealth"); "grab the first tooth" (that is, eat New Year's Eve) and "eat heartless chicken"; People travel around flowers every day and so on.

These customs are unfamiliar to the new generation of Guangzhou people. However, from the folk songs handed down, we can still get a glimpse of the past Chinese New Year. We might as well listen to a song "Spring Festival" first:

"Twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month, sun-washed clothes; On the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, clean the edge of the house; On the 25 th of the twelfth lunar month, sweep the house for dust removal; On the 26th of the twelfth lunar month, clean the barn; On the 27 th of the twelfth lunar month, the inside and outside are washed into one; On the 28th of the twelfth lunar month, clean the furniture; On the 29th of the twelfth lunar month, all the dirt was removed. On the evening of the 30 th, I went to sell lazy after eating the reunion dinner. "

Let's listen to a New Year's custom song: "On the first day, one person worships God; The next day, the two worshipped people; On the third day, it was naked; On the fourth day, four people begged; The fifth day and the sixth day are years; On the seventh day, they visited the flower field; On the eighth day, they didn't come back; On the ninth day, they went to spring; On the tenth day, eleven dozen children came back; On the twelfth day, 13 people turned on the lights; On the fourteenth day,

"The activities of the Spring Festival didn't come to an end until the Lantern Festival. The characteristics of traditional folk customs in Guangfu are closely related to the population structure of Guangfu people. Historically, people from the Central Plains have moved to the south four times on a large scale, mostly because of political struggles, frustration in officialdom or escaping from war. After the combination of these immigrant groups and indigenous people, although they are anti-customer-oriented, they don't have many ancient civilizations, and they don't have many proud traditions. On the contrary, they show independent consciousness, pioneering consciousness and innovative consciousness in humanistic character. For traditional culture, they both absorb the essence and innovate in the process of change. " Ye Chunsheng analyzed.

Century changes

The old custom has undergone three changes.

Everything in the world is moving and changing, and so are customs. Professor Ye Chunsheng believes that since the beginning of the last century, Guangzhou Customs has experienced three major changes: the Revolution of 1911, the founding of New China and the reform and opening up.

The first time happened after the Revolution of 1911 19 1 1. At that time, Guangzhou was the center of the Great Revolution, and people's ideas changed a lot because of the west wind spreading eastward. The so-called "power and influence to live in Dongshan, wealth and power to live in Xiguan, and power and power to live in Henan", at that time, in Dongshan District, where officials were concentrated, and Xiguan, where wealthy businessmen and tycoons were concentrated, fashionable young master Dongshan and Miss Xiguan appeared. They live a rich life on weekdays, especially on New Year's Day. They went to Xiguan to punt, eat western food, dress up as Santa Claus and hold a fancy dress party. Some missionary schools also organize parties, chorus performances and orchestral performances. But as always, the poor people have not changed much.

After 1949, the annual customs changed obviously. The spring of 1950 is the first Spring Festival after the founding of New China. At that time, Guangzhou was a scene of celebration and peace, with firecrackers ringing and flowers singing. Due to the government's advocacy, praying to God and worshiping Buddha is regarded as a feudal superstition, but among the people, this activity has converged a lot. In the form of New Year greetings, there has also been a collective "group worship" organized by the unit, and the slogan has been changed from "Congratulations on making a fortune" to "New Year's progress" and "Everything wins". In addition, in the past, on the third day of the Spring Festival, gambling stalls, wine bars, hanako and pigeon tickets were all over the streets, and then they disappeared in public places.

The biggest change in customs is after the reform and opening up. The political environment is relaxed, the material is extremely rich, millions of migrant workers go to Guangzhou to work and earn money, and overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao return home for the New Year, all of which bring together the customs of the southeast, northwest and China. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of people in Guangzhou travel abroad every year, hearing and seeing the customs of Europe, America and Southeast Asia, and gradually integrating exotic customs into the tradition of Guangzhou.

In this regard, Ye Chunsheng said: "The old customs in Guangzhou are old and young. It is far from the monitoring of the core culture of the Central Plains and is at the forefront of foreign exchange. It shows a spirit of bold pursuit and a charm of relaxation and freedom, showing traces of the intersection of North and South, the collision between China and the West, and the compatibility of ancient and modern. People here sing karaoke while walking in the flower street; Dance disco; While dancing a lion; While burning incense and worshipping Buddha, playing computer fortune telling; When observing my age, I spent Christmas Eve ... The contrast is strong, but it is also harmonious in the customs of Guangzhou. "

With the change of the stars, the great ship of history entered the 2 1 century, and the diversified society gave birth to diversified lifestyles. With the coming of the Spring Festival, the streets and alleys of Guangzhou are immersed in a festive atmosphere. In hotels and shopping malls, red lanterns are hung high, and large pots of oranges and bright peach trees are full of red flowers. The flower market brings forth new ideas year after year, with a hundred flowers blooming and colorful. At the same time, many old customs are quietly changing.

The biggest change is the reunion dinner on New Year's Eve. In the past, housewives had to work all day to prepare this sumptuous dinner. Traditional New Year's Eve dinner must eat chicken. There is a saying in Guangzhou that "no chicken is a feast". There is barbecue, which symbolizes wealth and chastity; There are arrows, indicating that people are prosperous; There are fish, which means "more than one year"; There are lettuce, homophonic "making money", and so on. In recent ten years, the reunion dinner has gradually moved to hotels. Nowadays, the popularity of reunion dinner reservations is staggering. Before New Year's Eve, many restaurants were hard to find. The dishes have also changed from traditional chicken, duck and fish to raw seafood such as fish, shrimp and crab, and wealthy families have also developed into high-grade abalone wings. The meaning of drunkenness is no longer "eating", but having fun with family.

In the past, I used to eat fast food on the first morning, but now I go to the teahouse to drink tea. Although there are many teahouses in Guangzhou, they are still full between meetings, and many units also hold New Year group worship there. Smart bosses will also organize lion dances to greet them, from congratulations on wealth to congratulations on good health, and try their best to be polite.

On the second day of junior high school, the past customs such as "grabbing the first tooth" and "eating heartless chicken" have gradually faded away. It has become fashionable to visit relatives and friends, text messages and phone calls, or travel, watch the snow in Beijing, the ice lanterns in Harbin, the wild interests in Jiuzhaigou, the Fairy Cave in Lushan Mountain, and even go to Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, Europe and Thailand. People who stay in Guangzhou will also invite friends to go shopping or go to the suburbs. After the beginning of the new year, everything has returned to normal, and some traditional taboos are fading. If there is anything unlucky, the old people don't care too much.

"Guangzhou customs are also seeking innovation and change in the new century, but happiness, peace, affection and filial piety are still the core. Nowadays, people's expectations for New Year's Eve are not so strong, and their yearning for new clothes is not so persistent. However, the festive feelings loaded by the Spring Festival and the words behind the excitement should still be expressed to the public and passed on to the ancestors. Whether it is setting off firecrackers or burning incense, it is just a ceremony. The content and space of the ceremony can be changed, but the atmosphere of the folk culture it renders is the same, and the melody of the soul it stirs is common. This feeling will erupt when the environment is relaxed. " Professor Ye said.

Nanguo romantic

People are like the tide and flowers are like the sea.

"On New Year's Eve, the flower street is full of rows of winter jasmine. This red flower is very fresh, and that yellow flower is very big and full of flowers. Grandma laughs, Dad is happy, and people are happy ... "This well-known Guangzhou folk song describes the scene of every household visiting the flower street.

Guangzhou is located in the subtropical zone, where flowers bloom all year round. It has a long history of planting, loving, appreciating and sending flowers, and enjoys the reputation of "Flower City" for a long time. Meng Jiao, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once marveled at the wonders of flowers and plants everywhere in Guangzhou in winter: "There are flowers everywhere in winter, and there are no homes and gardens everywhere." The annual Guangzhou Lunar New Year Flower Market was formed in the 1960s. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Feng Xianghua wrote a poem "The Ci of Yangcheng Zhi Zhu": "Yangcheng is the flower of the world, and what is more important is to buy flowers to kill time. On New Year's Eve, the desk is dedicated, and the fragrant wind warms others. " Describe the situation at that time. Looking back on the development of Guangzhou flower market, the romantic side of Guangzhou people's personality is still clearly discernible, although it has gone through hundreds of years.

Zhuang Tousu Xinhua is everywhere.

It is difficult to prove that Guangzhou planted and sold flowers until it became a flower market. But in the past, people in Guangzhou loved Su Xinhua very much. According to legend, more than 1000 years ago, there was a maid-in-waiting named Su Xin from Zhuangtou, Guangzhou, Henan Province (now Haizhu District). Fanghua died young and was buried in Zhuangtou. Strangely, the flowers around Su Xin's grave are particularly fragrant. In the past dynasties, some literati, patrons, and arty officials went to the grave to pay homage, and their feelings were aroused by the beautiful loess, and poetry was written. Today, some poems are still handed down.

"History of Qing Dynasty" records that "Hirata Wang Mi, all kinds of incense". At that time, most people in Zhuangtou Village, namely Nanshitou, Yaotou, Zhuangtou, Nancun, Xiaogang and Wufeng Village in Haizhu District, were engaged in planting flowers. In fact, it is a big garden on the south bank of Guangzhou. Flower farmers and flower vendors often transport jasmine flowers to the city to sell. According to "Guangdong New Language", "there are four cities in eastern Guangdong, one is the flower market, and the other is Guangzhou Seven Gates, where only jasmine flowers are sold, and there are no other flowers." On the south bank of Haizhu Square, it is named Huadutou because it carries Su Xin aboard every day.

Later, the place where flowers were planted in Henan gradually expanded to flower fields (also called flower beds), which has a history of more than 700 years. In the middle and late Qing dynasty, there was a new development, and various flowers were widely planted, not just jasmine. Every year on the seventh day of the first lunar month, ladies and girls travel together in the flower fields, which became the custom at that time. Lantern Festival and Lantern Festival. "It's easier to swim in the flowers than to die" was a common saying at that time, which was used to describe how crowded people were to the point of squeezing people to death. This sentence has been circulated until the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.

Before the Revolution of 1911, there was a flower market in the grand planning of Huaxiang. The market opens every night 12, and the flowers are sold until dawn. The most prosperous period is from the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival. At that time, boats shuttled between the flower fields on the Pearl River White Swan Pool, and there was also a poem describing the situation of flower vendors entering the city to sell flowers: "A cry is called breaking the dawn of spring. The master wants it, and the west wants it. It's too late to shout and scold in the building. How much can I buy in spring? " From the Revolution of 1911 to the founding of New China, there were twenty or thirty gardens, large and small, such as Zuiguan, Lingcong, Ren Xiang, Cui Xiang Forest and Liu Fang. There are all kinds of seasonal flowers, ancient trees, potted plants and bonsai. At the same time, the traffic is more developed than before, which greatly shortens the transportation time and does not need to operate at night in advance. Gradually, the Dace night market is gone.

Modern Xinhua Street

From the beginning of last century to the mid-1950s, Guangzhou's central flower market was located in Paddle Road. In the 1920s and 1930s, Guangzhou had relatively stable finance, developed industry and commerce, and a prosperous flower market. People set up stalls on both sides of the road, making flower stalls and pedestrians in the middle. The night market is as bright as day. At the peak of the flower market, people come and go, and the flowers in the flower market are dazzling. Because people are crowded, if you buy a bunch of flowers, you should hold them high, otherwise they will be squeezed down and there will be no branches left. At that time, there were not many varieties of flowers, and industrial and commercial households purchased more peach blossoms. Although the price is lower, the flowers are more expensive. A medium-sized peach blossom can sell for several yuan, and the upper-middle one can reach ten or twenty yuan.

After the founding of New China, the flower market became more prosperous. In 1950s, Taiping Road (now Renmin South Road) from Shangjiu Road to Gong Yan Street and Daxin West Road was designated as the flower market. Later, in order to meet the needs, Guangzhou opened flower markets in several areas, and the central flower market set up an education road, which is the Guangzhou Central Flower Market; Xihua Market is located in Duobao Road and Fengyuan Road; The eastern district was originally in Dongjiaochang, and later moved to Dongchuan Road. The southern district is located in binjiang road, Haizhu District.

Aunt Tao, who lives in Huadiwan, Liwan District, still remembers her visit to the flower market in the early 1980s. At that time, after their family had a New Year's Eve dinner, they took a ferry to "cross the sea" and went to Huajie. There are so many people that we can only walk after disembarking. At that time, firecrackers could be set off in Guangzhou, and the earth-shattering "scratching" sound in the flower market was endless, filled with smoke, the air was filled with thick smoke, and the ground was covered with a thick layer of shredded gun paper. She felt very tired after walking with her granddaughter in her arms. She wanted to have a rest in the teahouse to avoid fireworks, but there were too many people, and she waited in line for more than an hour before waiting for her seat. "The previous flower market was not as big as it is now, and there are not so many varieties of flowers, but it is still very lively. We arrived home after midnight 1 o'clock. " She said.

In the past two decades, the government has also begun to attach importance to the flower market and carry out effective management on the original basis. The traditional flower market begins on December 28th of the lunar calendar and lasts for three days. The third day was postponed until the early morning of New Year's Day. Generally, a week before New Year's Eve, Flower Street has been closed. During the Chinese New Year, Shilihua Street is full of flowers, lanterns and colorful decorations, and people are constantly flowing day and night. Romance in the south is at its peak at the moment.

References:

Guangzhou Daily