Jinqiao Fortune-telling Beijing Opera _ Beijing Opera Jinqiao Fortune-telling aria

The birth of Peking Opera

Old students * red students

Old students are generally divided into civilian and military positions. From the focus of the performance, it can be divided into several categories: singing old students, working old students, and martial arts old students. Singers are also called "An Gong Lao Sheng", mainly singing. Why are they called old workers? I think it is because this kind of old students mainly sing, so their movements are not so important, their movements are smaller, their attitudes are more calm and calm, and they are always calm and stable when singing, so they are called old workers. For example, in the Second Palace, Chen Guan was catching and releasing Cao, Mi Zhu was drumming Cao, Wu Zixu still had a fish-intestines sword, and Yang was chopping at Hongyang Cave and Yuanmen, with an empty plan, the battle of the North Plains, and a powder plan. Deng Bodao saw his son off in Sangyuan, Tao Qian was letting Xuzhou, and Emperor Xian of Han was in xiaoyaojin. All belong to singing opera. There is also a drama between singing and writing, in which both old singers and workers can perform at the same time, such as Chu Suiliang in Ten Books, Kou Zhun in Pan Hong's Night Trial, Lu Bing in First Instance and Min Jue in Assassin's Trial. Because long recitation is difficult to master, it is much more difficult than singing from the perspective of performance skills, so this kind of drama is rarely performed now. Old workers, also called old mourning, are a performance-based business. Old losers also have two explanations. One is that these old students are called losers because they are old, weak, sick and have white beards. For example, Zhang Yuanxiu of Qingfeng Pavilion, Zhang Guangcai of Panasonic who sweeps books, Xue Bao of Sanniang Godson, Ma Yi of Jiugengtian and Xu Ce who runs to the city all belong to this category. Another explanation is that because they are mainly engaged in work, the roles they usually perform are those who are mentally stimulated, nervous, rough-looking and fierce, and their mental state is almost decadent, so they are called declining factions. For example, Song Jiang in Sitting on a Building and Killing Cherish, Fan Zhongyan in Boxing Stick, Bai Huai in Fire Attack and Printing Defeat, Cheng Yi Zhang En in Spring and Autumn Pen Club, Liu Zhong in Battle of Puguan and so on. All fall into this category. I don't think the term "old school students" is comprehensive, or the characteristic of "old school students" is to pay attention to performance, which is more scientific and rigorous. Old singers and workers belong to the category of old writers.

There are two kinds of martial arts candidates, long leaning and arrow clothing (commonly known as bunting). Relying on old students is also called relying on old students. "Depend" is a special term for Peking Opera, and it is the armor worn by ancient military commanders. Wearing armor is called leaning or leaning in Beijing opera. "Ba" is the abbreviation of "Ba Zi", which is a kind of weapon, commonly known as the handle of a knife and gun, and also a proper term of Peking Opera. All the old characters who wear armor, hold weapons and have high martial arts are called Eternal Old Students. For example, Huang Zhong of Dingjun Mountain, Huang Zhong of Yangpingguan, Wang Ping of Lost Street Pavilion, Hua Yun of Zhan Taiping, Yue Fei and Ba Hammer of Zhentanzhou, Huyanshou Pavilion, Wuzhouguan, Wohuting Pavilion and Zhan Ying of Xiahedong. There is also a martial arts drama with arrows, such as Nanyang Pass (Wu) and Dadengzhou (Qin Qiong).

In addition to dividing the details of the old students according to the focus of the performance, there is another way to divide the old students according to the identity of the role and the type of clothes they should wear in social status. In this way, there are three kinds of students: old hats, old robes, old pleats, old handles and old arrows. The old man wearing a king hat means wearing a dragon robe and hiding a king hat on his head, that is, playing the role of emperor on the stage. For example, Liu Xiu in Going to the Rooftop to Hit the Golden Brick, Tang Taizong in Jinshui Bridge, Tang Huangming in Maweipo, Han Xiandi in xiaoyaojin and Liu Zhang in Capturing Chengdu. These old Elvis Presley plays are basically based on singers. There are also several kinds of old students who wear robes: the so-called robes, usually wearing gauze hats on their heads and embroidered robes on their bodies. Embroidered robe worn by Er Jin Gong and embroidered robe worn by Yang Yuan Men. There is also a man in official clothes. The style of official dress is the same as embroidered robe, which is a relatively plain official dress without embroidered dragon and embroidery. Old-timers who wear official robes, such as Lu Su in Hero, red robe and blue robe in Yu Tang Chun, including Zhuge Liang, although they don't wear gauze hats, embroidered robes or official robes, they play the role of Zhuge Liang, and they also belong to this category. And an old student with a wrinkled face. Wrinkled old classmates play the most roles. This pleated word is a special word. There are two ways to pronounce this word. According to the standard pronunciation of Xinhua dictionary, it means reading philosophy. For example, we usually say pleated skirts. There is another sound that is not in Xinhua dictionary. The sound is "Xue", which is a customary word in the troupe and is called "pleat". Fold is the name of a kind of clothing, the style is a bit like that worn by monks and old people, with a big oblique collar, a big oblique skirt and long sleeves. Because it is very similar to the robes worn by monks and old people. Therefore, it is commonly known as Taoist robes. This is a kind of casual clothes on the stage, which is generally divided into several types: one is embroidered on it, called flower pleats; One is relatively plain, called plain pleat; Pure black is called green pleat. This is a kind of casual clothes worn by ordinary people, people with low status, or ordinary scholars. Many people who wear pleats, including some gentlemen and officials in the wild, also wear this kind of casual clothes. Any old student who wears this kind of clothes is called a wrinkled old student. For example, Chen Boyu, an old student in No.1 Scholar, Mi Fei in Drumming Cao, Chen Gong in Catch and Release Cao and so on. Similarly, particularly poor, unlucky and ruined literati wear green pleats, that is, pure blue cassock, such as Fan Zhongyan in Ask Noisy Mansion and Zhu Maichen in Sprinkle Water at once. Because the life of these characters is relatively hard and their clothes are relatively simple, there are two special names, called poor students or bitter old students. Bitter stripes are a local saying, and there are also bitter stripes in the corner of the moon. This is a way to distinguish between roles and clothes. In addition, there are old students with arrows. Arrow is short for arrow garment. A coat means a coat that covers the outside. An old man with an arrow is someone who wears an arrow like a bow outside his clothes. Most of these people are soldiers. There are not necessarily martial arts in the play, but because these characters are all from martial arts, they also wear such clothes. Xue in common plays such as Wu Jiapo and Fenhe Bay is such a role. Putting the old students in front is Wu Laosheng.

In Beijing opera, there is another business-Hongsheng, which should also belong to the category of old pedants. Hongsheng refers to an old student with a red face and a red face painted on his face. There are not many such roles, mainly Guan Yu and Zhao Kuangyin.

Xiao Sheng

Xiao Sheng is also divided into two categories: civilians and soldiers. Wen Ba is divided into several categories: robe belt, numerous sheng, sheng, poor sheng and so on. A young man in a robe can also be called a young man in a gauze hat, playing a young man who is generally an official. Most of these characters are literati. After their performance, they can neither be murderous nor rude and naive, but they look quite naive and lively. That won't do. Generally speaking, robes should be elegant and dignified, but also a little elegant and steady. For example, Wang Jinlong in Yu Tang Chun and Chen Kui in Chen Sanliang Climbing the stairs both wear gauze hats and embroidered robes. There is also a figure who wears official clothes, indicating a relatively low rank, such as Zhao Chong in Strange Double Meeting, Liu Shengchun in Imperial Monument Pavilion (after entering the imperial examination), and finally Zhang Jibao in Qingfeng Pavilion. Wen also has a fan, that is, he holds a fan in his hand, wears a sheng towel on his head and has wrinkles on his body, so he is also called a pleated student. The pleats worn by fans are generally embroidered with flowers, indicating youth and chic. Why is it called a fan student? Because the fan itself is a kind of dance prop, it can assist the actors to make many dance moves. On the stage of Beijing Opera, fans are not brought because of the hot weather. No matter what the weather is like, fans can bring it. In fact, the fan is a special prop, which is mainly used to help the character express his romantic and elegant demeanor. For example, Fu Peng in Picking Jade for Tin, Zhang Sheng in The West Chamber and Cui Hu in Peach Blossom with Face; They are all such roles. This kind of characters are generally inseparable from love scenes, so they often cooperate with Dandan. There is also a poor student in Wen, who refers to some poor people who are unlucky in reading, such as Lv Mengzheng in Snow Review, Moggi in Today's Wrath, Wang Mingfang in Three-in-a-row and Chen Daguan in No.1 Scholar. These characters usually wear gorgeous clothes. Rich clothing is a special term, that is, a lot of flower patches are added to the green robe, so this kind of clothing gives it a nice term called rich clothing. There is also a saying that although these people are poor at present, they will be rich in the future. Although they are dressed in such rags now, they will be a symbol of wealth in the future, so this kind of clothes is called rich clothes. This is a saying in the past troupe. There is also a special kind in Wen Xiaosheng, and that is Ling Zisheng. Zi Ling, also known as pheasant's tail, is the pheasant's tail. It is very long, the longest is about two meters, and it usually looks like one meter four or five or one meter six or seven. Two large pheasant feathers are inserted into the head as ornaments on the head. Anyone who wears a pheasant tail on his head is generally a heroic, heroic and handsome young figure. Although this role belongs to the category of liberal arts students, it can actually be said that it is both civil and military, and it can also be said that it is a business between civil and military. Because badminton students generally know some martial arts, mainly relying on scaffolding, dancing, and badminton to make a lot of dance moves. For example, Zhou Yu in Gathering of Heroes, The Return of the Yellow Crane Tower, Lu Bu in Fengyi Pavilion, Shooting the Story of Yuanmen, Visiting Four Lang's Mothers, Mukezhai and Broken Hongzhou all belong to this category. Playing such a role is generally vigorous and heroic.

Besides Wen, there is Wu. Some martial arts students were born and played by Zi Ling. There are two kinds of pure martial arts, one is the martial arts in long clothes, such as Yang Zaixing in Zhentanzhou and Xiaoshanghe, Zhao Yun in Panhe War and Borrowing Zhao Yun, Gao Siji in Yinkongshan and Zhou Yu in Chai Sangguan, all of which belong to this role. There is also a kind of martial arts bunt, that is, wearing short clothes. Judging from the basic skills of martial arts, it is similar to that of martial artists, but singing and speaking plainly all use the method of niche, that is, combining the true and false voices of niche. In the frame and modeling of some works, it is also different from Wusheng. For example, Shi Xiu in Tan Zhuang, Shi Xiu, and Li Cunxiao in Feng Yue Pavilion all belong to this kind of role. However, some plays, such as Lu Wenlong in Eight Hammer Gang, are now performed by Wu Sheng. So this kind of play is also called "two-door hug". The so-called "two-door embrace" means that Wu Hui can act and Wu Sheng can also act.

Takemori

The so-called wusheng is a person with high martial arts. Wushu is also divided into two categories, one is called long-term dependence on Wushu, and the other is called short-term fighting Wushu. Wu Sheng, a long-term recluse, wears an invisibility cloak, a helmet and thick-soled boots, usually with long-handled weapons. This kind of martial arts students not only require good martial arts, but also have the demeanor and courage of a general, and the work rack should be beautiful, steady and dignified. Some plays need not only good martial arts and good works, but also delicate performances and some singing skills. For example, Zhao Yun of Changbanpo, borrowing from Dongfeng and returning to Jingzhou are such roles. He should not only have good martial arts, but also show Zhao Yun's general demeanor and brave spirit. There are many martial arts dramas, except Zhao Yun's plays, such as Gao Chong in Pulling Pulley, Gan Ning in Fighting Jizhou, Fighting the Western Regions, Fighting Weinan, Two Commanders and Winning Licheng all belong to this role. Colorful flag martial arts students wear shorts and use short weapons, which requires agility and flexibility. The expert's opinion is that they should float, be efficient, be crisp, look clean and tidy, play beautifully and not drag their feet. Martial artists engaged in bunting can be divided into three types according to the clothes they wear: hard hat (wearing clothes, trousers or arrow clothes), soft hat (wearing clothes, trousers or arrow clothes) and scarf (wearing arrow clothes). For example, Huang Tianba in "Evil Tiger Village", "Roman Lake" and "Comic Book" all wore helmets. For example, Song Wu in "Dapu" and "Fighting Tigers and Fighting Lions", Ren Tang Hui in Sanchakou, Yu Qian in Sijie Village; Lin chong in the night rush, all the people in the village are martial arts students with soft hats and bunts, and there are also scenes of wearing scarves and arrows, such as "One Kill" and "One Wood Pass", and so on. These roles are between relying on and fighting, watching martial arts, fighting hard, re-performing, singing and reading. Vu Thang also has a kind of face hook, that is, his face is painted with Facebook, such as Jiang Wei of Tielongshan, Gordon of Sunshine House, leopard essence of Leopard, Chang Yuchun of No.1 Scholar Seal, Li Yuanba of Siping Mountain and Jin Yanggong. Some of these plays were originally performed by Jason Wu (Wu Hualian). At the end of Qing Dynasty, when Peking Opera was just mature, there was an old-timer named Jusheng Yu, a martial artist. Because of his big figure and big face, he performed Wu Hualian's plays in a martial way, and the results were very popular. Therefore, these plays handed down by him are all performed by Wu Sheng, although they are still ugly. Although all the plays we see now, such as Sunny House, Tielongshan, Leopard and Siping Mountain, are performed by Wu Sheng, they still retain many performance features of Wu Hualian in terms of singing, framework, modeling and verve, which were handed down by Jusheng Yu. Of course, these dramas now also belong to the category of Wusheng dramas.

In wusheng's business, there is also a silent, specialized or mainly somersault, called flip wusheng, and experts call it left-handed wusheng. Finally, talk about the monkey show. Actors who play monkey shows are usually recruited by Wu Sheng. Its origin is in Kunqu Opera. Like the Monkey King, the monkey show in Kunqu Opera was performed by Sheng Xing. After the introduction of Beijing Opera, Wu Sheng acted as a monkey show. I was supposed to play the Monkey King, a monkey and a fairy. I should be smart, lively and agile, so it seems inappropriate to use martial arts. However, since the Monkey King is already a monkey, besides his agility, he needs boldness of vision and more detailed performances, so it is appropriate for Wu Sheng to play this role. But in Beijing Opera Troupe, some of the Monkey King's plays are performed by Wu Chou, and few are performed by Wu Sheng. For example, the master of Beijing Opera Martial Arts, Li, and later the famous Martial Arts, are all famous for playing monkeys. Yang Xiaolou's father, Yang Yuelou, is a martial arts student and a veteran with both civil and military skills. Because he is good at performing monkey shows, he is nicknamed "Monkey Yang". When Yang Xiaolou was young, he was famous for Xiao Yang's monkey stage name because he was good at monkey tricks. In addition, Wu Sheng is also talking, and there is a difference between Wu Sheng and Wu Laosheng. Teacher Wu pays great attention to singing, reading, doing and playing. Although wusheng wears a mouth, he still focuses on martial arts. For example, Zhao Yun in Lian Yingzhai, the company commander in Yangpingguan and Jiaxing House, and the autumn Chengdu in Jianfeng Mountain were played by Wu Sheng, although dressed like Wu Laosheng.

The role of Xiao Sheng (Xiaosheng) in China traditional opera.

In addition to old students, red students, young students and martial arts students, there is also a role called doll students. Baby-born children are specialized in children's roles, such as Xue Yige in Three Mother Godsons, Xue Dingshan in Fenhe Bay, Deng Yuan and Fang Deng in Sangyuan Hippopotamus Chef, and Lu Tianlin in Suolin Capsule. With doll's hair in her head and tea clothes (clothes worn by children). This character is sung in one's own voice. Although he is very young, he doesn't have to be a minority singer. Although the baby boy sings with his own voice, he can't sing in the old-fashioned way, so the baby boy's song is a mixture of sheng, Dan and the song, which is very special. Play with childlike innocence. Doll students are generally difficult to find in the troupe, because they are too young to join the league and too old to play the role of doll students. Therefore, except for the children who specialize in fighting dolls in units such as the National Opera School, most of the troupes now use smaller actresses as their roles. The actress has a crisp voice, and she still sings in her own voice when singing. Because she is small and delicate, it is more appropriate to dress up as a doll.

There is also a role in Peking Opera between Wu, Ling Zisheng and Wa Shengsheng, which is generally played by the business. Such as reading, holding Ding's paintings, etc. This kind of role should be played by a special profession, but it is not easy to find such a profession. In fact, there is no special profession to cope with such a role, so some are played by minority students, and some are martial arts students or doll students.

The ugliness of Peking Opera

Clowns are also divided into two categories, Wen Chou and Wu Chou. There is a kind of square towel ugliness in Wen Chou, which plays some educated people. These characters are gentle on the surface, but in fact they are a bit pedantic and sour, wearing square towels on their heads, so they are called ugly square towels. Dressed in pleats, some people are still holding a fan in their hands, marching in four directions, behaving slowly and elegantly, and speaking with white rhyme. Generally speaking, they don't talk about Beijing and Bai, such as Jiang Gan in Hero and Zhang Wenyuan in Wulongyuan, all of which are ugly. The second kind is ugly robe, which refers to playing a small official with a lower rank, wearing a gauze hat and official clothes, such as Tang Qin in "Shentou Thorn Soup" and Shanyang County Magistrate in "Six Chapters in the Snow", all of which belong to this role. Ugliness is the most common among ugliness. A tea coat is a short blue jacket. This term is called a tea coat. Tea, clothes and ugliness all play the role of working people, such as the winner in Qiu Jiang, the fisherman in lú zhō ng ré n, the woodcutter in Asking for firewood to cause trouble, the bartender in Lake Rome, and Qiu Shui in Beating Cherry. There is another kind of role between square towel ugliness and tea clothing ugliness, such as the owner of Liansheng store and the justice performed by women, all of which belong to towel ugliness. Scarves are ugly and called Beijing White. Sometimes they wear long gowns or arrow clothes, and their expression style is slightly more rigorous than that of tea clothes. In addition, there is Cai Dan, which belongs to Dandan, but actually clowns should work. In the past, most of this line was performed by actors, and now there are many actresses, but using actresses to play Cai Dan also uses her own voice to sing and recite, instead of using the falsetto of ordinary Dan characters. Finally, let me talk about Wu Chou. Wu Chou also has a name called Opening Jump. Because Wu Chou is not only good at jumping, but also good at reading white. Bai Jing, who is ugly in martial arts, should be articulate and crisp. For example, Zhu Guangzu in Comic Book and Time Shift in Yanling Jia are called Kaitiao. Such a role requires superb martial arts and agile movements. Humorous. Most of these characters are chivalrous men, and some cunning and treacherous characters have been played by Wu Chou, but only a few. The idea that clowns are not good people must be completely reversed. Ugliness does not mean ugliness. From the outside, he may not be very handsome, but he is beautiful inside. For example, Xu Jiujing in the new Peking Opera "Promotion of Xu Jiujing" is such a figure.

fresh and refined

There is also a noun in Tsing Yi called Zheng Dan. Typical Tsing Yi dramas, such as Sacrifice to the Tower, The Legend of the White Snake, Sun Shangxiang Hearing of Liu Bei's Death and Throwing into the River, Li Yanfei in Ergongge, Wang Chune in the Third Mother's Godchild, Jiang Qiulian in the Spring and Autumn Competition, and Maids' Happy New Year, are all performed by Tsing Yi dramas.

These plays are basically sitting and singing, and there are no heavy performances. They are typical standard Tsing Yi dramas. Of course, there are also Tsing Yi operas that pay equal attention to singing, reading and doing, such as Zhao of Cosmic Front, high-five, Fenhe Bay and Lotus Lantern. Although these are also Tsing Yi operas, they require equal emphasis on singing, reading and doing. Judging from the clothing, Tsing Yi wears a lot of pleats, so another name of Tsing Yi is also referred to as "blue shirt". Some Tsing Yi people wear female pythons or palace costumes. No matter what you wear, except pythons and palace dresses, which are fixed in style and color, the general pleats are more elegant in color. In Beijing Opera, there are three parts: Red and Light Horse, Sanniang's adopted son, Fenhe Bay, Six Chapters in the Snow, Li Sanniang in Five Dragons Cheating, Two and Big, and Li Yanfei in China. In the old society, women were not free to move. Feudal etiquette requires women to keep their eyes open, smile without showing their teeth, and even walk without showing their fingers, so they are steady and peaceful. Therefore, in the past, when performing the normal posture of women on the stage, whether sitting, standing or walking, one hand was required to be horizontal, covering the middle of the chest and abdomen, and the other hand was drooping beside the body, and it was always necessary to slow down or sit. Therefore, the audience gave Tsing Yi a common name, Baoweidan, which is still very vivid.

Hua dan

The second category of Danhang is called Huadan. The situation in Hua Dan is just the opposite of that in Tsing Yi. In terms of clothing, they all wear short clothes, or short coats and pants, or short coats and skirts. Even wearing long dresses is embroidered with colorful patterns. From the age point of view, they all play young women. Performance, mainly to work and speak English. The spoken language is mainly Beijing white, of course, there are also rhyme white, but Beijing white is more. Characters are generally lively and cheerful, and their movements are agile and smart. This is the general difference between Hua Dan and Tsing Yi. If further elaborated, Hua Dan can be divided into two concepts: narrow sense and broad sense. Hua Dan in a narrow sense refers to playing a lively and cheerful young woman with a light and agile manner. There are many such roles, such as matchmaker in Matchmaker, Xin Ping in Beating Cherry, Chunlan in Huatiancuo, Cao Chun in Cao Chun Chuangtang and so on. , are all played by Hua Dan. In the past, Hua Dan also played the roles of Jin Yunnv in Hongluan Jubilee and Di Yunluan in Pride. This is ... Hua Dan in a broad sense has a wide range, which generally includes several kinds: one is a young girl, which originally refers to an unmarried girl who is good at working and reading white, such as Sun Yujiao in Picking up the Jade Bracelet and Liu Yulian in The Cabinet. Later, although some characters performed steadily, they also paid more attention to singing, such as Cheng Xuee, Tang Huixian of Hairpin Phoenix, Su, and Chen Xingyuan of Mei, and so on. Later, it was also included in the boudoir.

Generally speaking, boudoir Dan plays the role of a good family or a relatively stable family Jasper. Boudoir Dan can rhyme white, and most boudoir Dan can rhyme white. For example, Sun Yujiao in Picking up the Jade Bracelet is a little girl, but she still reads rhyme. The second category is Duan Zidan, as the name implies, a character who is easy to fight and make fun of. Such characters all appear in comedies or burlesque. They are joking, funny and witty for their performances. Most of these characters are equipped with clowns, and occasionally there are small students in them, but most of them are equipped with clowns. Jokes pay more attention to work and speak honestly. Some plays don't sing at all, even if they sing, they sing a little tune or a tune, instead of singing skin yellow. For example, there are many such scenes, such as beating a noodle jar, making a small mill, a piece of cloth, carrying a baby into the house, beating a steel knife, beating a city god, beating a bar, playing a kitchen god, playing a casserole and so on. There are also some small operas from folk songs and dances, which are mixed with some humorous performances, and also sing folk tunes with strong local flavor, such as Little Cowherd, Little Grave and Playing Flower Drum. Those who play the leading role can also be classified as jokes. The third category is called pungent Dan, which is to play a very pungent character. There are not many such plays. These characters have distinct personalities, sharp words and bohemian manners, and their main means of expression are workmanship and colloquialism. For example, Yan Xijiao in Sitting on a Building to Kill Cherish, Zou Shi in Zhanguang City, Pan Qiaoyun in Cuiping Mountain, Pan Jinlian in Song Wu Killing Sister-in-law and so on. All belong to this role. There is a most typical play in the fiery Danli, called Eight Falls Together (full name Longtan Paul or Hongbiyuan), in which there is a grandmother. This role is very hot, which can be said to be a typical hot Dan Li. There is also a role called assassination of Dan, which is to play the role of assassin in the play. This word comes from Kunqu Opera. There is a kind of assassination in Kunqu opera, that is, some women assassinate their enemies for revenge and play such a role. They perform with intense emotions, exaggerated movements and tense vocals, so there is a special business called assassination. For example, Wu Feixia in Xiang Liang Thorn Beam and Fei Zhen 'e in Zhen Xuan Thorn Tiger were all played by assassin Dan. However, assassination in Beijing opera is different. Assassination in Beijing Opera generally refers to being assassinated. As mentioned above, Zou was stabbed to death in the battle of Wancheng, Cuiping Mountain was killed by Shi Xiu, Pan Jinlian was killed in killing her sister-in-law, and Yan Xijiao in "Killing Cherish on the Floor" was also killed by Song Jiang, and so on. On the other hand, in Peking Opera, because assassins are mostly decent women and kill enemies for revenge, Tsing Yi took over the job in Peking Opera. For example, Yan Xue in "God's Head Hall" stabbed Tang Qin, and Shen Xuezhen in Cheng Pai's famous drama "Green Frost Sword" killed an enemy for revenge. Some characters like this are played by Tsing Yi, so the assassination of Dan in Beijing Opera does not exist. Because the role of an assassin is different from that of an assassin, and the assassinated person is basically said together with the provocative Dan, there is not much difference between the provocative Dan and the assassination Dan in Beijing opera, and generally there will not be too much.

Dan Xiao

Among the Dan Dan, besides Tsing Yi and Hua Dan, there is also a Xiao Dan, which could have been attached to Hua Dan, but because it is not the same as Hua Dan, it is listed as a separate category. Xiao Dan was born in Peking Opera, and there is no special business to take over the job at present. The so-called Xiao Dan is to play the role of some young girls. Generally speaking, they are supporting roles, and there are few main roles, so they are all played by secondary roles. If you really find a little girl, I'm afraid I can't play. In addition, from the image, it is not necessarily appropriate, because these little girls are color matching; At first, there were some plays, such as Wang Youdao's sister in Imperial Monument Pavilion, Yinger in Cuiping Mountain, and other plays that played the role of maids. You said he didn't have a chance, but he had some. There are not many real plays. It was impossible to play with children, but it is unnecessary to play with the main characters. Therefore, Xiao Dan gradually merged with the aforementioned Tiehe River, namely Erludan. Xiao Dan's name used to be in Beijing Opera, but now it doesn't exist. In the past, when introducing the business of Han opera, I mentioned iron eggs. In the past, Xiao Dan and Iron Egg were separated. We often mark Xiao Dan and Tie Dan as business tips in the old drama test: this role is played by Tie Dan and that role is played by Xiao Dan. Now that Tiehe is taken care of by a small general, there is no need to set up another trade.

Mount Huashan

Flower unlined upper garment is an important business in Beijing opera dance, because simple singing opera or simple industrial opera is always monotonous when reflecting life. With the progress of the times and the development of society, social life is becoming richer and richer, and the characters' personalities and actions are becoming more and more complicated. Therefore, the forms of performance on the stage are varied, and the requirements for actors are also expected to be knowledgeable and versatile. According to such an objective need, the business of flower shirts naturally came into being. The name of the flower shirt appeared in the 1920s. It turns out that in the tradition of Peking Opera, there are only Tsing Yi and Hua Dan, and there is no such name as Flower Shirt. The name came later. Of course, there were some Beijing opera veterans in the past, such as Yu Ziyun, the father of the famous Beijing opera veteran Yu Shuyan. He acted in Tsing Yi and Hua Dan in the late Qing Dynasty. Before that, people who played Tsing Yi couldn't play Hua Dan, and people who played Hua Dan didn't play Tsing Yi. From the beginning of Yu Ziyun, he felt that it was too monotonous to specialize in Tsing Yi or Hua Dan, so both Tsing Yi and Hua Dan acted. Such a performance was welcomed by the masses. However, Yu Ziyun has not started a flower shirt business, because he still plays less. The founder of this enterprise is Wang Yaoqing. Wang Yaoqing is a great contributor in the history of Peking Opera. One of his greatest characteristics is that he is not only knowledgeable and proficient in business, but also a famous performing artist and educator. Many famous performing artists come from his family. Four famous artists, such as Mei Lanfang, Cheng, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng, all studied drama with him and asked him for advice. Therefore, this man is very prestigious in the history of Peking Opera, especially in the history of Dan Jiao, and has made great contributions. Wang Yaoqing saw that Dan Jiao's performing arts must expand its scope of expression, enrich itself and enhance its expressive ability. Therefore, in his stage practice, various performing arts, such as the quiet and dignified in Tsing Yi, the lively and agile in Hua Dan, and even the martial arts in Wu Dan, have all merged into one furnace, creating a performance that pays equal attention to singing, reading, doing and playing. In other words, every character he created sang, thought, did and played during the performance, which greatly expanded the performance scope of Dan Xing. Because he combined the performance characteristics of Tsing Yi and Hua Dan into one furnace, Tsing Yi used to be called blue shirt, so everyone gave it a new term called flower shirt. As soon as the word flower shirt came out, it became popular immediately. Therefore, from the 1920s, not only the terms "famous Tsing Yi" and "famous Hua Dan" appeared in newspapers and advertisements at that time, but also the word "famous flower shirt" appeared, which added a business to Danjiao. Since then, the four famous artists have continued to develop on this basis. It can be said that most of the four famous performances newly edited belong to the category of flower shirts. Few of their plays are dominated by singers or craftsmen, and each new play performance can meet the audience's appreciation requirements in singing, reading, doing and playing. For example, Mei Lanfang's Drunk Imperial concubine, Farewell My Concubine, Lian Jinfeng, Mulan and The True Story.