Rong Geng Fortune Telling _ Mr. Rong Geng

Chen (1903 ~ 1967) was born in Wenchang County, Guangdong Province (now Hainan Province). Famous historian, sociologist, ethnologist and educator. He studied at Fudan University, and successively served as President of Lingnan University, Vice President of Sun Yat-sen University, President of Jinan University in Guangzhou and Vice President of Nankai University.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Chen alias: Zi Huaimin Nationality: China Nationality: Birthplace of Han nationality: Wenchang County, Guangdong Province (now Hainan Province) Date of birth: 1903 Date of death: 1967 Occupation: historian, sociologist, educator Graduate school: Fudan University Belief: Independent personage Major achievements: former president of Lingnan University.

Representative works of former president of Jinan University in Guangzhou: A Brief History of China Culture, Miao Studies, Overview of Cultural Studies, Nanyang and China, Resume, Introduction, One Man and One University, Dictionary of People, Advice from Three Mothers, Total Westernization, Four Debates, and Introduction. 1926 obtained a master's degree from the University of Illinois in the United States, and obtained a doctorate from the university two years later, and returned to teach in the Sociology Department of Lingnan University in Guangzhou; 1934l65438+1October 15 published the article "The Way Out of China Culture" in Guangzhou Republic Daily, which triggered a fierce cultural debate throughout the country; In August, 1948, 1 became the president of Lingnan University. 1956 vice president of sun yat-sen university. 1962 President of Guangzhou Jinan University; 1964 transferred to vice president of Tianjin Nankai University; 1967 was accused of "crossing the ocean" and "spying" during the Cultural Revolution. 16 died of myocardial infarction in Nankai University in February. Nankai University rehabilitated it on May 1979. Chen Yisheng devoted himself to the teaching and research of sociology, especially attached importance to cultural studies, and advocated the establishment of "culturology" in China. He believes that in China, people who want to find a way to save the country from learning from eastern and western cultures have three different opinions: first, they advocate accepting western culture in an all-round way; The second is to advocate the return to China's inherent culture; The third is to advocate compromise. In this regard, he pointed out that there is no way out for the eclectic and retro school. He once went deep into the rural areas of China, made more investigations and studies on boatmen in Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi and overseas Chinese in Southeast Asian countries, and also made more studies on the history of Southeast Asia, overseas Chinese and Xiongnu. Chen Yisheng's works mainly include A Brief History of China Culture, Miao Studies, An Overview of Cultural Studies, Nanyang and China, and The Origin of Sociology. The Historical Draft of Xiongnu is the posthumous work of Professor Chen. Since studying in Germany, the author has been paying attention to the research progress of Xiongnu history abroad. In the mid-1950s, he took time out of his official duties to write the Historical Draft of Xiongnu, with a total of 800,000 words. In the early 1960s, he made some supplements to the first and second chapters, but failed to sort out and modify the whole draft, that is, he died unfortunately. Based on relevant editions, this book has been revised with reference to the author's manuscript, while retaining the style of the manuscript as much as possible. A person and a university are Chen, a historian, sociologist, ethnologist, educator ... a scholar, and this university is Lingnan University. Born and raised in Wenchang County, Chen is an authentic Cantonese. However, like most celebrities in Guangdong in modern times, it seems that they have to go through a process of going out of Lingnan-struggling-becoming famous, and Lingnan has become a place for exporting talents. What is different is that Chen finally returned to his hometown and left a permanent footprint on this land. 1947, when the board of directors of Lingnan University frequently invited Chen, Chen, then president of Nankai University and dean of the School of Political Economy, did not immediately agree, even though he had taught at the school twice before. Perhaps he feels that his display in Nankai has just begun, or that the world in Lingnan is too small and education is too backward. Anyway, if Zhang Boling, president of Nankai University, doesn't agree to "lend" (two years), Chen probably won't leave too many memories in Lingnan. This "borrowing" is 16 years. From 1 August, 948,1became the president of Lingnan University, to 1952, when Xialingnan University was revoked. In two or three years, Lingnan University became the most perfect university in China from the best school in Guangdong (at that time, there were only two universities in Guangdong, and the other was Sun Yat-sen University), and some departments (such as medical schools) had reached the first-class or best in China. If we consider that China spent most of these years in regime change and turmoil (first the War of Liberation, then the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea), then the development of Lingnan University is a miracle. How did the miracle happen? Not profound: a set of correct school goals, purposes and strategies, a group of first-class talents, and an efficient mechanism. What is a university? Chen's point of view is: "Universities are places for seeking knowledge and researching knowledge", and Lingda aims to become a first-class academic university in China. To this end, when he first preached to the teachers and students of the whole school, he emphasized that academic research should not engage in sectarianism, "pay attention to the spirit of free discussion", and advocated respecting individual freedom of thought, belief, speech and academics. Under the principle of "inclusiveness and freedom of thought" (this was the school-running purpose of Cai Yuanpei when he was in charge of Peking University), Chen invited a large number of well-known scholars, experts and professors at home and abroad: historian Chen Yinque, mathematician Jiang Lifu, linguist Wang Li, archaeologist Tao Baokai, timber and soil engineering expert, surveyor, medical expert, Chen,,,. Some of them are Chen's Nankai colleagues (such as Jiang Lifu), some are his students (such as Duanmu Zheng), some are old acquaintances (such as Chen Yinque, Wang Li and Tao), and some are invited by him when he was in Tianjin (such as a group of experts from medical college). To some extent, Chen's 14 years in Nankai (including 8 years in National Southwest Associated University) laid a good foundation for his work in Lingda. All this naturally comes from Chen's "personal charm": not doing proper business, not being an official, keeping a distance from politics (not joining the Kuomintang). He himself is a scholar who has a thorough understanding of China and the West. He showed "independent spirit and free thought" in academic research and debate. He respects people, is tolerant and sincere. With people, you need money and a capable management team. The principal responsibility system under the leadership of the board of directors of Lingnan University provides a guarantee for these. Grasping people with one hand and money with the other, Chen once again showed his prestige and ability. His popularity among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia enabled him to raise a large number of private donations (which is the advantage of running a school in Lingnan), and the school was able to tide over the financial difficulties smoothly (at this time, the teachers of CUHK were protesting to * * * that they could not get paid); An efficient management team was established (a decision-making group composed of five professors, not a vice president), which enabled the school to operate efficiently, while "professors running the school" ensured the academic atmosphere and development of Lingda. This is reminiscent of the National Southwest Associated University. The favorable weather, geographical location and harmonious people have made Lingnan University and Chen brilliant in the transitional era, but the times only gave him less than four years. Four years, relative to the growth of a university, relative to the cultural generation and accumulation of a region, is how short! 1952 National college departments were adjusted, Lingnan University was abolished, its engineering college was merged into South China University of Technology (now South China University of Technology), agricultural college was merged into South China Agricultural College (now South China Agricultural University), and medical college was merged into Sun Yat-sen Medical College (now Sun Yat-sen Medical University). The Department of Economics and the Department of Law were transferred out. After the transfer, Sun Yat-sen University actually had only liberal arts and science, and a number of professors, such as Wang Li, transferred to Peking University and other institutions. Chen himself became an ordinary professor at Sun Yat-sen University. Chen's wish to run a first-class university in Lingnan finally became a dream. Later, although Chen served as vice president of Sun Yat-sen University, president of Jinan University (less than two years) and vice president of Nankai University, the world changed, and the presidents of universities at that time were no longer beautiful. Chen and Lingnan University, which he painstakingly managed, have become history. But looking back at the depths of history, we can still hear distant echoes: Lingnan needs one or several first-class universities, and Lingnan's backwardness is not in the economy, but in education, which was and still is; Lingnan can become a first-class university in China. The prerequisites are: a relaxed environment, a modern education system and a president like Chen. The third mother's father in People's Dictionary warned Chen that two people were particularly important in his growing up, that is, his third mother and his father. It is said that Chen was naughty when he was a child and often played truant. He studied in a private school for more than a year. He can't read a quarter of the three-character classics and can't recite them. The teacher said to his father, "You are so stupid. It's no use splitting your head with an axe and putting books in it. I'd better do business with you in the future. " The fortune teller also told his father that if his son could make a living with pens, he would not be a fortune teller. And this illiterate San Niang (uncle Chen's widow) made Chen (and his sister) win the first place in the class in a short time (she was in Zhiyuan, Wang Yang when she was a child), and she also urged Chen to transfer to the county to go to school to avoid his complacency. Our educational methods can be summarized as: positive encouragement (don't treat Chen as a "silly boy" or "bad boy"), mutual encouragement (put him and his sister in two classes to form competition), side supervision (go to class in person every night) and joint study (she learns from them and even writes letters), which is quite in line with modern educational concepts. Chen's father is a real businessman. He started as an apprentice, his business grew bigger and bigger, and he achieved Nanyang. However, this father is also a generous person, who has a special liking for reading and learning (this is not uncommon among businessmen in China). He warned Chen "don't want to be an official in China" and "don't want to go back to Nanyang for business". Instead of being a principal, it is better to be a professor on your own knowledge. After his son received his doctorate in the United States, he also sold his shares in the coconut garden for him to study in France. Perhaps this "cultural complex" of Chen's father, like other fathers, is to make up for his regret that he failed to finish his studies as a child. What is commendable is that his knowledge is beyond ordinary people. Chen and his children have been attached to education since then, and their origins should be traced back to this. On the whole, the Four Debates on Westernization have the image of tolerance, generosity and modesty, but there is an unyielding spirit of "argumentative" in his bones, which set off the Four Debates in 1930s and 1940s.1At the end of 933, he crossed the river to Sun Yat-sen University (then in Hebei) to give a speech on "The Way Out of China Culture". Two weeks later (1934. 1. 15), this speech was published in the "Modern Youth" page of the Republic of China Daily in Guangzhou, which triggered a nationwide discussion. The first sentence of the article is that "the problem of China is basically a problem of the whole culture" and "we should find a way out for the future of China". He divided the different opinions on China culture into three schools: "Retro school-advocating the preservation of China's inherent culture", "eclectic school-advocating the method of combining Chinese and western culture" and "Western school-advocating the full acceptance of western culture". Subsequently, articles refuting criticism appeared in the same page one after another, including an answer to Dr. Chen on the cultural movement front on February 2, 1934, and even the words "poisonous gas smoke hits machine guns" were used, which made this debate full of gunpowder ignorance. In two months, dozens of articles on cultural issues appeared, "Lenovo to 65438. Guangzhou has played the role of the birthplace of controversy this time, which is rare in modern times, and the fiercest opposition voice also comes from Guangzhou, "a city with the most westernized management by China people" (Chen's original words). A year later, ten people, including Wang, He Bingsong, Sa Mengwu, published the Declaration on Cultural Construction in China (referred to as the "Ten Professors' Declaration"), which pushed the national discussion to a climax. Since then, Chen has been closely associated with the word "total westernization". His comrades-in-arms include Hu Shi, Lu and others. However, Hu Shi later used a more eclectic term "comprehensive globalization" instead of "total westernization", which was criticized by Chen, because in his view, the words "comprehensive" and "as far as possible" are not only vague, but also easy to be used as amulets by eclectics and retro school. Chen's "decisive" attitude and consistent views show the other side of his personality: sticking to his own opinions, not going with the flow, not afraid of dignitaries as their agents. This was the embodiment of a scholar's "independent spirit and free thought" before liberation, but it became an inescapable spell after liberation, which was associated with words such as "foreign slaves" and "slavery". The debate on rural construction followed closely, and the object of the debate was the rural construction school represented by Liang Shuming. In his articles "Rural Culture and Urban Culture" and "A Way of Rural Construction", Chen refuted Liang Shuming's idea of building China into a highly civilized country with the countryside as the main body, and pointed out that "building a country by agriculture" can only be a kind of ignorance and fantasy in the modern world. This can be regarded as the deepening and development of his "total westernization theory". In the early 1930s, the debate about educational modernization and academic independence involved two aspects: China or the purpose of educational modernization and university education. The former can be regarded as one aspect of Chen's "total westernization" theory, that is, his education should be completely modernized, and the so-called "China-oriented education" can easily become a retro movement in education. The latter is related to the suggestion made by 1932 an education conference in Guangzhou, that is, "stop offering grammar courses or reduce the number, and at the same time set up more vocational schools to meet the needs of social life". The supporters were Zou Lu, then president of Sun Yat-sen University, and Zhong Rongguang, then president of Lingnan University. Chen resolutely opposes suspending or reducing grammar subjects. He pointed out in the article "Discussion on the Policy of Modern University Education" (published in Guangzhou Republic Daily on May 26th, 1932) that "the purpose of university education is to seek knowledge and learn knowledge for the sake of learning", while "the purpose of vocational education is to seek application" and "seeking knowledge is not necessarily for application, but for application. Subsequently, the debate expanded to national newspapers such as Independent Review. The object of the second educational debate was Hu Shi, who advocated "academic independence" in 1947 Ten-year Plan for Academic Independence, and proposed that five universities (Peking University, Tsinghua University, Central University, Wuhan University and Zhejiang University) should be designated as first-class universities by * * within ten years. Chen opposes * * * sucking up academic independence. He thinks that "in recent years, there are * * * figures advocating ideological unity, which leads to party teaching. Why not put up the signboard of academic independence?" He points out that it is unreasonable for Huada to concentrate in places such as Ping, Tianjin and Shanghai, and accuses the Ministry of Education of favoring other universities. Private universities may not be inferior to state universities. " National universities can be politicized. Chen's debate is not a battle of passion or slogan, and every viewpoint put forward in the debate has its theoretical and practical support. Behind the "total westernization theory" is Chen's theory of the eastern and western cultural systems, whose educational policies and theories are the crystallization of his years of educational practice. Therefore, his thoughts, especially those on education, still have a warning and guiding role today. Chen's educational career is full of paradoxes: he insisted on not being an official, refused to join the Kuomintang, refused to be the director of education, ambassador abroad, and vice minister of education. However, his life was 193 1 year ~ 1934 and the early 1950s (1952- 1938). However, in order to ensure that the teachers of Lingnan University could pay their salaries on time when prices soared, he used. Isn't this the behavior of a "businessman"? It can really be called "painstaking management"; Chen Yisheng advocates "total westernization", but he is an authentic image of a traditional gentleman in China. In his later years, this patriotic, homesick person who didn't like bread and butter was labeled as "foreign slave" and "Xizai". Isn't this the biggest paradox? What remains unchanged is a sincerity and enthusiasm for education. The sentence "I serve the professor" is a beautiful sentence, because it is not a slogan, but a consistent action. According to Duanmu Zheng's recollection, when Chen was the provost and principal, he never went to the classroom to listen to the professor's lectures or check the teaching. He said that every professor had already believed in his teaching level when he issued the letter of appointment, and he could not wait until he had taught for several years to assess him. Chen said these words because he has a living file in his heart. The professors he invited, everyone's academic experience and expertise, can be talked about by Chen. Professor Liang has always been called "a madman and a freak". Before Chen knew him, Chen was familiar with Liang's experience. In the 1950s, when Liang and Chen met face to face, Liang Jia used President Chen's phone because he didn't have a phone. Therefore, the president personally acts as a telephone pager, which can be described as "serving home." No wonder Liang said that he only admired two people, one was Chen Yinque and the other was Chen. (Lu) Life Experience 1 September, 9031Born in Yaodao Village, Qinglan Port, Wenchang County, Hainan Island, Guangdong Province. His name is Xu Jing, and he entered a private enlightenment school 1907, and went to Singapore with his father 1965438-65438+. Wenchang County Model Primary School attended1915-19 19, went to Singapore to attend Yu Ying School, Daonan School, Zheng Yang School and Huaqiao Middle School, and returned to Guangzhou at the end of1919. Before I left, my father told me not to be an official in China and not to go back to Nanyang to do business. 1929, his application to enter the middle school affiliated to Lingnan University was rejected. In the same year, he was admitted to the Biology Department of Shanghai Hujiang College 1922. Two years later, he transferred to the Department of Sociology of Fudan University, and was awarded a bachelor's degree by the School of Social Sciences of Fudan University in July 1925. In August, I went to the University of Illinois for a master's degree by boat. 1926 received a master's degree from the University of Illinois, and a doctorate from the university two years later. My doctoral thesis is On Modern Sovereignty. That year, I returned to teach in the Sociology Department of Lingnan University in Guangzhou. 1929 In August, she married Ms. Su Fen, Shi Qi, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, and went to France to study after marriage, successively at the University of Berlin. After studying at Kiel University 193 1 year, he returned to China to teach at Lingnan University19341.05, and published the article "The Way Out of China Culture" in the Republic of China Daily, which triggered a heated cultural debate in the whole country. In the summer, he was hired as a research professor by the Economic Research Institute of Nankai University in Tianjin, and served as the research director of Nankai Economic Research Institute the following year. /kloc-0 published "The Future of Rural Construction Movement" in Independent Review in April, 936, criticizing Liang Shuming and others' thought of "building the country by agriculture", which triggered a debate on rural construction movement. 1August, 938, the youngest dean of The National SouthWest Associated University College of Law and Business. 1In August, 944, he was invited by the State Council to give lectures in the United States for one year. During this period, he met Einstein. During this period, he returned to Tianjin and served as the provost and director and dean of the Economic Research Department of the School of Political Economy of Nankai University. 1947 published "Talking about Education with Mr. Hu Shizhi" in September, which caused an uproar in China. Famous scholars and experts such as Chen Yinque, Wang Li and Jiang Lifu were invited to our school. Lingnan University was dissolved 1952, and was hired as a research professor in the History Department of Sun Yat-sen University. 1956 was rated as a first-class professor and served as vice president of Sun Yat-sen University. China People's Political Consultative Conference, the second member and the first member of the Standing Committee of Guangdong Provincial Political Consultative Conference, 1962 President of Guangzhou Jinan University, 1967 transferred to vice president of Tianjin Nankai University. He was accused of "crossing the ocean" and "spy" during the Cultural Revolution. 16 died of myocardial infarction in Nankai University in February. 1979 In May, Nankai University held a memorial service for his rehabilitation, and in June, the Guangdong Provincial Political Consultative Conference held an ashes laying ceremony for him. In 2003, on the occasion of the 0/00th anniversary of Chen's birthday, Nankai University and Sun Yat-sen University held related commemorative activities. By the end of 20 1 1, scholars at home and abroad have made a lot of papers and works on Chen's life thought. The following are biographies and academic monographs published in recent 20 years: 1, "Modernization and Westernization: Debate on China's Total Westernization in the Mid-1930s" (Germany): Klaus Birk Rheinland Pen Club1992 February, my father Chen (updated version) Chen March Publishing House12 February 2007. Chen Chuanhan, editor-in-chief of "The Awakening of the East", Yanbian University Press, August 4, 2000, editor-in-chief of Nankai University Press and Institute of Higher Education, June 65438+October 5, 2004 10, National Position and Modern Pursuit, Zhao Libin Joint Publishing Company, May 6, 2005, Criticism of Cultural Transformation- From June 5438, 2006 to February 7, 2006, From Westernization to Globalization —— A Study of Westernization in the First 50 Years of the 20th Century, written by Zhang Shibao, Oriental Publishing House, August 2004, written by Zhang Shibao, People's Publishing House, August 9, 2007. A study of Chen Wenhua's thoughts Liu Jilin wrote about Tianjin People's Publishing House in 2003 10, Chen was an excellent educator with profound knowledge, Zhao wrote about Guangdong People's Publishing House in 2009 1 0, and Chen Chuan wrote about Guangdong People's Publishing House in 20 10.