The most prosperous city in Tang and Song Dynasties: TOP 1 Kaifeng

Kaifeng, called Bianzhou, Bianliang and Bianjing in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city in Henan Province. Up to now, it has a history of 465,438+000 years, and has been the capital of Xia, Wei and Northern Song Dynasties successively, and is known as the ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties.

The famous scenic spots in Kaifeng include Qingming Shanghe Garden, Long Ting, Iron Tower, Suoguo Temple, Kaifeng House and Baogong Temple.

Writers who have lived in Kaifeng include Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Li Yu, Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao, Yan Shu, Yan and Zhou Bangyan.

There were 6,839 important poems related to Kaifeng in the Tang and Song Dynasties, among which the famous works were:

(A) the bustling Bianjing

(2) Bianjing is full of spring.

(C) sad Bianjing

(D) Lost Bianjing

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan in Song Dynasty is a gift to Song Huizong, which has been circulated for more than 800 years. Its theme is mainly to describe the living conditions of citizens in Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, the bustling scene of shops and citizens on the Bianhe River, and the busy scene of tankers carrying grain, rice and goods from the southeast passing through the bridges and culverts on the Bianhe River.

Qingming Shanghe Garden is located in the northwest corner of Kaifeng ancient city, covering an area of 5 10 mu. Founded in 1992, 1998 opened to the outside world. According to the original layout of the Riverside Map in Qingming Festival, the park focuses on the on-site production of restaurants, tea shops, pawn shops, editing, official porcelain and New Year pictures in Song Dynasty. Gather folk entertainment, acrobatics and drum music performances; Shinto religion practices such as fortune telling, gambling, cockfighting, dog fighting, etc., and performs programs such as "Bao Wen Wu Yang" and wedding customs in Song Dynasty according to historical stories in Song Dynasty.

Long Ting Park is located in the northwest corner of the ancient city of Kaifeng, covering an area of about 1.300 mu. The whole scenic spot was built on the ruins of the Song and Jin Palace and the Zhou Palace in the Ming Dynasty. Longting Hall is 26.7 meters high, 13 meters, facing south; There are eight courtyards on the east and west sides, which form a complete court courtyard with the main hall, and the first large wax museum of Song Dynasty in China was built in it. From the meridian gate to the main hall is the Imperial Road, with Yangjiahu and Panjiahu on both sides.

Tower Park is located in the northeast corner of Kaifeng ancient city, and the tower is located in the east half of Tower Park, built in 1049. The tower is 55.88 meters high and has octagonal 13 floors. So it used to be Kaibao Temple, known as "Kaibao Temple Pagoda", and it has been called "Pagoda" since the Yuan Dynasty, because it is covered with brown glazed tiles and looks like iron casting. The beauty of the tower has three aspects, one is the oblique design, the other is the clouds, and the third is the brick pattern.

The leaning tower of Pisa, Italy, was tilted due to careless foundation laying. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, architect Yu Hao built the Kaibao Temple Tower. Considering that the tower was inclined to the northwest to resist the northwest wind, their ingenuity and craftsmanship were high and low.

The beauty of the tower is that you can see the streetscape inside the city on the fifth floor, the Yuan Ye outside the city on the seventh floor, the vast Yellow River on the ninth floor and the misty clouds on the twelfth floor. It is one of the eight sights of Bianjing in ancient Kaifeng. Whenever the air wears out, the eight-mouth iron bells hanging on each floor under the tower eaves move leisurely and jingle, which makes people feel relaxed and forget to return.

There are more than 50 kinds of decorative bricks embedded in the outer wall of the tower, including flying, dragon dropping, unicorn, sitting Buddha, jade Buddha, bodhisattva, lion, geisha music, flowers and so on. Exquisite and lifelike, it has a distinct artistic style of the Song Dynasty.

Fantai is located in the southeast of Kaifeng, west of Yuwangtai Park. There used to be a natural wide platform about 100 meters long, which was called Fantai because of the numerous surnames of nearby residents. During the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Qingming period, spring came early on many platforms, peaches and plums competed for spring, willows and weeping willows, clouds and trees were clear, and temples were magnificent. Residents of Beijing came for an outing one after another, bringing wine and vegetables, drinking and writing poems, watching operas and dancing, enjoying flowers and grass, burning incense and worshiping Buddha, and people enjoyed the beauty of spring to the fullest. "Spring scenery is numerous" also got its name.

Fanta was built in the seventh year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (974). Because it was built on Fantai, it is commonly known as Fanta. Because it was built in Tianqing Temple, a royal temple in the Northern Song Dynasty, it is also called Tianqing Temple Tower. Fanta is the first pagoda built in Kaifeng, which is a typical transition from a quadrangular pagoda to an octagonal pagoda. Fanta is a hexagonal nine-story hollow imitation wood brick tower with an original height of 80 meters. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, more than three floors were demolished, and then six minarets were built on the third floor, forming a pagoda with a thick bottom and a top. Numerous pagodas are valuable materials for studying China's architecture, art and music.

There are two possibilities for the address of the ancient blowing platform, one is Yuwangtai in Kaifeng, and the other is Liangyuan in Shangqiu.

Yuwangtai Scenic Area is located in the southeast of Kaifeng City Wall. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Shi Kuang, a blind musician from Jin State, often played ancient music here, hence the name "Blowing Taiwan". In the second year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, in order to commemorate Dayu's achievements in water control, a Wang Yu Temple was built on the platform, which was later renamed Yuwangtai. There is a tall statue of Yu Wang in Wang Yu Temple, and the statues of Shi Kuang and three poets, Li Bai, Du Fu and Gao Shi, are placed in the East Hall and the West Hall. In the third year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai, Du Fu and Gao Shi met here, drank wine and wrote poems, leaving a well-known poem.

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen conferred the title of son Liu Wu in Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan). Liang Xiaowang likes to play with poets and play the piano. So he added a blowing platform, built a temple pavilion on the blowing platform, planted precious flowers and trees, and built a luxurious garden called Liangyuan, also called Rabbit Garden. In winter, after the snowstorm, when the sun rises, the Liangyuan is wrapped in white and extraordinarily enchanting, so it is called "Liangyuan Yukime".

Jokhang Temple was a royal temple in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are two bell towers in the temple, which were later destroyed by soldiers and floods. The bronze bell hanging on the bell tower was cast in the thirty-third year of Qing Qianlong (1768). At that time, the bell of Sigeng Temple rang every day, and people heard it. Every time in late autumn in first frost, the grand bell vibrates the whole city, so it is called "Guo Xiang Frost Bell".

Jinchi, or Jinming Pool, was originally one of the four royal gardens in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was a place for water games and military performances. Excavated in 976 AD, lotus roots are all over Jinming Pool. On rainy nights, people like to come here to listen to the sound of rain beating against lotus leaves. Therefore, it is called "rainy night in Jinchi". Because the Yellow River overflowed, it no longer exists, and now the southwest of Jin Ming Avenue Square in Kaifeng Development Zone is focused on construction.

Sui Dyke is located on the Zhengzhou-Yongcheng highway in the middle of yongcheng city, Shangqiu City, starting from Zhengdian in Mamu Township in the west and huzhuang in Houling Township in the east, with a total length of 45 kilometers. In the first year of the great cause of Sui Dynasty (605), a collection canal was opened, an imperial road was built beside the canal, and a green willow star was planted for Yang Di Emperor Yang Guang to watch when he was on a dragon boat tour in the south. It was called Bianhe in the Northern Song Dynasty. After that, the river silted up and the dike site still existed.

Yuefei Temple in Zhuxian Town is located 22 kilometers south of Kaifeng. In the early Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, an anti-Jin hero, led his troops to defeat Jin Wushu here. Yuefei Temple, built in the 14th year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty, is one of the four Yue temples in China in Ming Dynasty.

According to legend, Zhuxian Town was the hometown of Zhu Hai, a righteous man in Wei State during the Warring States Period. Su Shi once hung Zhu Hai's tomb with his father.

The residence of Yang Ye, a famous anti-Liao soldier in the Northern Song Dynasty, is located in the northwest corner of Bianjing City, beside the Jinshui River in Tianbomen, hence the name "yangfu, Tian Bo". Because Yang Ye was loyal to the country and Yang Jiajiang was loyal to the monarch for generations, Song Taizong gave money of 5 million yuan to build the "Cool Wind Dripping House" and wrote the inscription "Tian Bo yangfu".

Kaifeng House and Baogong Temple are located at Baogong Lake. Many famous historical figures, such as Kou Zhun, Fan Zhongyan, Bao Zheng and Ouyang Xiu. , have served as "Kaifengfu" Yin. In particular, when Bao Zheng became the "Kaifengfu" Yin, he was impartial and his reputation spread from ancient times to modern times. Baogong Temple displays a large number of historical relics about Bao Zheng.

Yanqing Temple, formerly known as Chongyang Temple, was built in memory of Wang Zhongyang, the founder of Quanzhen religion. Reconstruction after the fire. In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Yanqing Temple.

Tangzhuang outside the ancient city was named after Li Yu, the ruler of the late Southern Tang Dynasty, was imprisoned here, which is now Sunzhuang.

Li Qingzhao lived in Bianjing with her father when she was a teenager. The elegant living environment, especially the bustling scene of Kyoto, inspired Li Qingzhao's creative enthusiasm. A 18-year-old song "Like a Dream" caused a sensation in Beijing. Now there is a full-length portrait of Li Qingzhao on Binhe Road in Kaifeng City.

Every year from June 10 to June 165438+ 10/8, the streets and alleys in Kaifeng are full of colorful chrysanthemums, and there are more than 100 varieties of chrysanthemums on display.