Li Qingzhao's Spiritual Quality

Brief introduction of Li Qingzhao (1084 ~ 1 155)

Poetess in Song Dynasty. Self-styled Yi 'an lay man. Zhangqiu, Jinan (now Shandong Province). Her father, a foreign minister of the Ministry of Rites, was sentenced to prison. Born in Han Qi, she was once known to Su Shi for her articles, especially her study of Confucian classics. She is quite famous in Qilu area. Later, he was dismissed because he was listed as Yuan party member. She has written many books in her life, and now there is only one. "

Li Qingzhao's life experience can be divided into two periods: the first period and the second period. In the early stage, Li Qingzhao lived with her father in Bianjing and Luoyang and received a good cultural education. She works hard, can write and has a smooth melody. "Since she was a teenager, she has been able to stand on her own feet and get close to her predecessors" (Wang Zhuo's Biji Manzhi). She worked in Fu Yuan for three years (660 years), which was very popular at that time. At the age of (11)18, Jianzhong Jing married Zhao Mingcheng, the youngest son of Tingzhi Zhao, assistant minister of the official department. Ming Cheng was 2 1 year-old, a business student, and liked to collect the stone carvings of the previous generation. Shortly after marriage, Cai Jing, a New Party member, became a politician, and Tingzhi Zhao was promoted to Shangshuyou. Li is forbidden to mention JD. COM prison, but was expelled from the party. At that time, Li Qingzhao presented Tingzhi Zhao with a poem, trying to save his father. In the poem, there was a saying that "the heart is hot but the heart is cold". It can be seen that the Li family suffered political changes after marriage and were dissatisfied with their behavior.

The Portrait of Li Qingzhao was written by Cui□ in Qing Dynasty.

About the second year of Chongning (1 103), Zhao Mingcheng began to be an official and once worked as a young lady of a large family. They are like-minded husband and wife. "They have no worries about food and clothing, are poor and far away, and have the ambition to do their best in the world" (Preface to the Story of the Stone). After their searching and searching, what they collected accumulated over time. Tingzhi Zhao died in Beijing, and the Zhao family suffered a political disaster. At that time, Cai Jing was Zuo Assistant Minister, and he framed the Zhao family because of hatred. However, because there is no evidence, he can only get rid of Tingzhi Zhao's office. The Zhao Mingcheng brothers may lose their positions. Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng returned to Zhao's hometown in Qingzhou (now Yidu, Shandong Province).

Zhao Mingcheng lived in the village for 10 years. Although they are worried about poverty, they are indomitable. They made greater efforts to visit historical sites and cultural relics. About three years of Xuanhe (65,438+065,438+0265,438+0), Zhao Mingcheng returned to his official position. First, he went out to defend Laizhou (now Ye County, Shandong Province). They began to compile epigraphy, and continued to collect antiquities, inscriptions, appreciation and textual research, and made great academic achievements. In the first year of Jingkang, Jin people besieged Bianjing. The following year, Zhao Ming's mother died in Jinling, and Ming Cheng went south with a book 15 to express her condolences. Subsequently, the Northern Song Dynasty perished. After Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, Ming City began to know how to build Camfrog.

Two years later (1 128), Li Qingzhao fled south to Jiankang with the pain of national ruin and death. She was very concerned about the fate of the country and the political situation at that time, and wrote the poem "Wujiang in the south is cold, Yishui in the north is cold" and "King Dao in the south is in rags, and news comes from Liu Kun in the north", expressing her great dissatisfaction with the court in the Southern Song Dynasty. He lived in Chiyang (now Guichi, Anhui) and went to Jiankang. Unfortunately, he was ill. When Qingzhao arrived in Jiankang by boat from Chiyang, Mingcheng was critically ill and died soon. She buried her husband with great sorrow. At this time, the nomads from the army invaded south on a large scale, and the health situation was urgent. The court has begun to evacuate and flee. Li Qingzhao sent people to send books and stone carvings to Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) first. The road was blocked and most cultural relics were lost in the war. When Zhao Mingcheng was seriously ill, his friend Zhang Feiqing came to visit him with a jade pot. I actually said that the husband and wife praised the gold with jade pots. I heard that someone reported it to the court. This kind of political framing greatly frightened Li Qingzhao, and she decided to present all the bronzes and other items at home to the court for washing and relief. So she followed the escape route of Emperor Gaozong to avoid chaos. From Yuezhou to Mingzhou, through Fenghua and Taizhou to the seaside, and then back to Yuezhou through Wenzhou. After two years in Shaoxing, she moved from Yuezhou to Hangzhou. During this period, she was not only under great political pressure, but also suffered from calligraphy and painting, pen and ink were stolen, and she was wandering around in an extremely miserable situation. According to the records in the First Year of Jianyan, Li Qingzhao remarried, but later scholars paid much attention to it.

In the winter of this year, Jin people committed crimes in the south. She fled Lin 'an to avoid the Jinhua Rebellion and returned to Lin 'an the following year. There is no information about Li Qingzhao's life in her later years, but she wrote poems to give to Han Xiaoyu and Hu Songnian as Jin envoys, wrote "The Book of flattery" and "Preface", and visited Mi Youren with the ink of her predecessors for inscription. This shows that she has always been concerned about state affairs and has been engaged in literary creation and study.

Li Qingzhao's works and poems are good at writing, and she is better at ci. As far as artistic achievements are concerned, her ci surpasses poetry and prose. Generally speaking, due to the changes of her life in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, her creation showed different characteristics in the early and late stages. From the few poems of Li Qingzhao in the Northern Song Dynasty, we can see that her life field and spiritual realm are broader than those of ordinary women in feudal society. Based on a clear understanding of the real politics in the Northern Song Dynasty, Wu proposed in Zhongxing and Fu that "Xia and Shang Dynasties should learn from the Tianbao Rebellion in Tang Dynasty" and advocated learning from history. Xuanhe wrote a poem "Feeling" in Laizhou for three years, which expressed her disgust at the vulgar life of officialdom. In addition, in her early years, she also wrote an essay "On Ci", which put forward the word "Bie" Su Shi's Ci, also known as Liu Yong's Ci, which was an important theory of Ci in Song Dynasty. In short, her poems and essays talk about history and the world with a wide range of topics.

Li Qingzhao's early poems truly reflect her boudoir life, thoughts and feelings, and the theme focuses on describing natural scenery and parting lovesickness. Two poems, such as Dream Order, are vivid and beautiful, and their words, such as "playing flute on Fengtai", "plum blossom" and "drunken flowers", express their love for their husbands by describing their lonely lives. Jun Qing Shu Lang. In the poem "Butterfly Hua Lian", "Stop at Changle Pavilion to see off my sisters in the evening" is very sincere in remembering my female companion. Although most of her words describe lonely life and express melancholy feelings, we can often see her love for nature and frankly show her pursuit of a better love life. This is written by a woman writer, and a "flower school" is much more valuable than if I will always be the first-person narrator in my heart. He is full of twists and turns, light and sharp, and has a myriad of gestures. He scribbled in the alley. Since ancient times, women in the gentry's house have never been so careless about their books (Volume II of Biji Manzhi). This criticism just shows that the original intention of Li Qingzhao's ci is to oppose feudal norms in object.

By the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao's works had obvious changes. The ideological content of her poems has improved, showing a high degree of patriotism. For example, the poems "Ode to History" and "Summer Jueju" criticize the humiliating surrender policy of the puppet regime and the ruling clique by praising Ji Kang's behavior of "dying in Yinzhou" and Xiang Yu's "refusing to cross the Yangtze River". She expressed her determination to uphold national integrity. Poems of Han Palace, written by Shangshumi in Shaoxing for three years (1 133), shows the author's nostalgia for the hometown and people in the north, and encourages the emissary to fully estimate the arduousness of the mission and bravely safeguard the dignity of the court. Shaoxing wrote "Preface to Beating Horse Sutra and Beating Horse Fu" for four years. It shows the patriotic thought of advocating horses, fighting against Jin people and restoring the Central Plains. During this period, many poems and articles she wrote expressed her views on current affairs, which were very realistic.

Li Qingzhao's poems after crossing the south are also very different from those in the previous period. The political risks and various tragic experiences in her personal life after the death of the country made her mentally miserable, so her early words were beautiful and bright, but full of sad and low voices, mainly expressing her homesickness and nostalgia when she was injured. In her wandering life, she often misses her hometown in the Central Plains, such as "Where is my hometown? Forget it. " "Butterfly" wrote "Dreaming of Chang 'an in vain and recognizing Chang 'an Road", revealing her deep nostalgia for the lost north. She is more nostalgic for her past life, such as the famous slow word "Ode to Fishing Music" and recalls the past of Luo Jing in "Zhongzhou Shengshi"; "Cao Fang Pond" recalls the "winning and rewarding" in those years, compares the beautiful life in the past with the bleak and haggard life today, and places the yearning for the motherland.

In her poems, she fully expressed her deep sadness in her lonely life. For example, by writing the situation of "looking for a job, being lonely", Wuling Chun expressed his feelings that "everything is done for nothing", and "the voice is slow" expressed his uncontrollable and indescribable "sadness". Another example is "the ends of the earth this year"

The artistic achievements of Li Qingzhao's ci are very high, which occupies an important position in the history of literature. Her theory of Ci pays great attention to the special style and harmony of Ci, thus creating a new way and making outstanding contributions to enriching the expression forms of Ci. Li Qingzhao is an expert in lyricism. She has created many excellent lyric poems, which truly reflect her thoughts and feelings of living in a boudoir and a foreign land. She has a clever idea and often chooses some life fragments to write in her words. Show her inner world in a very specific and meticulous way. For example, Wu Lingchun expresses her painful situation through the contradiction between "I also plan to drive a canoe" and "I'm afraid I can't carry much on my mind". She is also good at using hand-drawn methods to visualize abstract inner activities by writing specific actions or things, such as "Chanting Fishing Music". "A Plum" writes about the depth of lovesickness with the feeling of "frowning only, but taking it to heart". Her lyricism is euphemistic and subtle, extremely natural, without any affectation. Her poetic style is mainly graceful and restrained, but there are also occasional bold works, such as the lofty sentiments of the fisherman, who is known as "muddy elegance" when clouds and fog meet.

The language of Li Qingzhao's ci is unique, beautiful and exquisite, but she is not exquisite. She is very creative in choosing words and making sentences. For example, the flower trees in her works are "pampering willow flowers" and "green, fat, red and thin"; The weather is "thick smoke and dark rain", "the wind is light and the sun is thin"; Compared with people, The Yellow Flower is Thinner is novel and good-looking. She often uses the dialect of "understanding as usual" to input words, such as "it's sunny, rainy and windy" and "how can it be dark outside the window", which adds a lot of fresh and vivid feelings. As Sun Peng said, "Use shallow and vulgar language to express fresh ideas" ("Golden Flower Thorn"). This kind of language is tantamount to an impact on the elegant and elegant ci style in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao's ci is full of musical beauty, and she attaches great importance to "pentatonic, pentatonic, hexatonic, clear and heavy" (Luntz). She also pays attention to her tongue and pronunciation.

Li Qingzhao's collected works were engraved in the world at that time. Zhi Zhai Lu Shu Jie contains Yu Shu Ji (1), and Bieben is divided into five volumes. The appellations in Huang's Selected Poems of Hua 'an (three volumes). The History of Song Dynasty, Art and Literature Annals contains 7 volumes of Yi 'an Jushi Collection and Yi 'an Jushi. Wen Li-□ "Yu Shu Ji" consists of five volumes, including most of the works. However, most of the words included in it are fake. Zhao Wanli's Collection of Ci Poems in Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties contains 60 Yu Shu Ci Poems. There is a newly discovered Li Qingzhao's ci in Confucius's Supplement to Song Ci. Wang Zhongwen has Li Qingzhao Zhu, which was printed by People's Literature Publishing House.