Confucius and Mencius information

1, Confucius (September 28, 5565438 BC-April 65438, 479 BC+October 065438 BC) Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China, and had a far-reaching influence and an important position in the history of China and even in the history of world culture. Confucius is the founder of Confucianism. He advocates "benevolence" and "courtesy", that is, "the benevolent loves others" and "self-denial". To realize benevolence, we must follow the golden mean.

Works: sorting out the cultural classic Six Classics, his disciples sorted out the main speeches of his life into The Analects of Confucius, which became a Confucian classic.

2. Mencius (about 372 BC-289 BC) was a famous thinker, educator and politician in ancient China. He was a representative of Confucianism in the Warring States Period, the fourth generation disciple of Confucius and the second generation disciple of Ceng Zi. He inherited and developed Confucius' thought. Confucius is the supreme saint and Mencius is the second saint.

Works: The book "Mencius", consisting of seven articles, is a compilation of Mencius' speeches during the Warring States Period, and records the debates between Mencius and other hundred schools of thought, leading by example, lobbying governors and so on. , and compiled by Mencius and his disciples (Zhang Wan, etc.). ).

Mencius recorded Mencius' thoughts on governing the country, political strategies (the debate between benevolence and Wang Ba, people-oriented, the right and wrong of respecting the monarch's heart, the people being the monarch, and the monarch following it) and political actions, and was written in the middle of the Warring States Period.

Expanding information 1, Confucius created a private atmosphere and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. He led some disciples around the world for thirteen years, and revised the six classics of Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites and Music, Book of Changes and Spring and Autumn Annals in his later years.

According to legend, Confucius once asked Laozi for gifts, with 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects. ?

In ancient times, Confucius was regarded as a "saint of heaven" and a "muduo of heaven". He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was respected by later rulers as Confucius' sage, the most holy, the most holy teacher, the most holy teacher, the teacher of kings and the teacher of generations.

His thoughts have a far-reaching influence on China and the world, and he is listed as the first of the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". With the expansion of Confucius' influence, "Confucius Sacrifice Ceremony" once became a "big sacrifice" at the same level as China's ancestor worship.

2. Based on the experience of the Warring States Period, Mencius summed up the laws governing the rise and fall of chaos in various countries and put forward a famous proposition with democratic essence: "People are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the least". People think that how to treat people is extremely important to the rise and fall of a country. Mencius attached great importance to the opposition between people's hearts, and repeatedly expounded through a large number of historical examples that this is a key issue related to winning or losing in the world.

"The people are precious, the country is second, and the monarch is light." It means the people first, the country second, and the monarch last. Mencius believed that the monarch should take care of the people first, and politicians should protect the rights of the people. Mencius agreed that the monarch has no way and the people have the right to overthrow the regime.

Baidu encyclopedia-Confucius

Baidu encyclopedia-Mencius