Who are the accomplished eunuchs in ancient times besides Cai Lun and Zheng He?

In the late Tang Dynasty, eunuchs were autocratic and manipulated the emperor's life and death. But some eunuchs not only don't collude, but also dare to speak out and protect courtiers. Ma Cunliang is one of them. Hehe (now Yongji County, Shaanxi Province), with bright troops, entered the palace in Tang Dezong to serve concubines. Later, he was promoted to deputy commander of Zuo Shence Army. Ma Cunliang's greatest feature is that he is not in power, loyal and devoted to his duties.

Mu Zong Changqing four years (AD 824), Mu Zong died suddenly, with the help of eunuchs Liang Shouqian and Wang Zongcheng, Jing Zong succeeded to the throne. Jing Zong played too much football and often let the left and right Shence Army play football. Because Liang Shouqian is the deputy commander of the right Shence Army, he respects Zongyou with courtesy, but ignores Ma Cunliang of the left Shence Army. One day in April in the fourth year of Changqing (AD 824), dyehouse craftsmen listened to the instigation of fortune tellers, colluded with court eunuchs, and rushed into the palace under the pretext of sending firewood. Seeing Imperial Football, Zheng panicked and ordered to escort Liang Zonggan's right military camp. The eunuch reminded him, "The left military camp is nearby, so if you don't take refuge there." It happened that Ma Cunliang heard that there was a change in the palace and ran out to check it out. Seeing Jing Zong's discomfiture, he caught up with Jing Zong, ran into the barracks, and ordered him to arrange his daily life properly. He also sent 500 cavalry to the harem to welcome the two queens to the barracks. After Ce Shen put down the rebellion, Ma Cunliang escorted him back to the palace. From then on, Jing Zong relied heavily on Ma Cunliang, ready to entrust an important task. However, Ma Cunliang said that this is his own responsibility and he dare not have wild thoughts. Ma Cunliang went to Huaixi to supervise the army for several months. After returning to Beijing, he was appointed as the special envoy of Feilong, responsible for defending the security of the palace.

In December of the second year of Bao Li (AD 826), Jing Zong was killed by eunuchs such as Liu Keming, and the great eunuchs Wang Shoucheng and Liang Shouqian re-established literate Sect and continued to control the state affairs. Not content with the eunuch's autocratic power, the master and prime minister Song Shen negotiated to get rid of the eunuch, which was discovered by Wang Shoucheng. Wang Shoucheng made people falsely accuse Song of framing and Li Cuo, but literate admired him for not checking the truth, and asked Wang Shoucheng to investigate the matter. Wang Shoucheng took the opportunity to send out 100 cavalry to wipe out the Song family. At this time, Ma Cunliang stepped forward to uphold justice: "Song's crime is unknown, how can he slaughter his family for no reason? What will happen if the capital goes on like this? Let's gather a few prime ministers to discuss it first, and then see what to do. " Wang Shoucheng had to convene Niu Sengru and others to discuss, and as a result, Song was demoted to Kaizhou Sima. This incident greatly stimulated Ma Cunliang. On the day Song left Beijing, he also wrote a letter to Wenzong, asking for retirement on the pretext of being ill for many years. Wenzong agreed to his request, gave him many treasures, and sent someone to escort him back to his hometown. After his death, Xuanzong made him the governor of Yangzhou.

Koulian, the eunuch of the Qing Dynasty, was a loyal and upright man. He risked his life to remonstrate, sacrificed his life for justice, and regarded death as death, which was admired by future generations.

Kou Liancai, formerly known as Kou Chengyuan, was born in Nanqijiazhuang, Changping Prefecture, Zhili. His family is middle class. He studied in a private school for several years since he was a child, and he didn't come back until he took the county exam twice. 15 married the daughter of Zhang, a blacksmith in Yingcun village, and gave birth to two boys and 1 girl. At the age of 23, his father, Kirsten, died with a grudge because he failed to win the lawsuit of rich Zhao Man Kan. When the imperialist powers set off a frenzy to carve up China, the country hated the enemy's guts and made Kou Liancai determined to serve the country. He castrated himself and became a eunuch in the palace.

Kou Liancai is handsome, elegant in speech, able to write and calculate, and won the trust of Cixi. He stayed in the comb room as a eunuch and was regarded as a confidant. Kou Liancai was very dissatisfied with Cixi's monopolization of power and bossiness, and repeatedly remonstrated, but was reprimanded by Cixi. I remember that I was young and ignorant and didn't add to the crime. I trust him as before. Soon, he was sent to the concert hall as an official, named to serve the emperor. In fact, he acted as the eyes and ears of Cixi, watching every move of Emperor Guangxu. Who knows that he deeply understands the great righteousness, cares about the country and the people, is extremely sympathetic to the situation of Emperor Guangxu, and tells Guangxu what Cixi did. Soon, Kou Liancai was transferred back to the Western Empress Dowager as a eunuch in the accounting office.

Shortly after the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Li Hongzhang signed the treaty of shimonoseki with Japan on behalf of the Qing government. With the support of Emperor Guangxu, people with lofty ideals, represented by Kang Youwei, wrote to Douchayuan asking for political reform. The Western Empress Dowager was terrified and wanted to abolish Guangxu, punish the consorts, give a warning to the ministers who supported and sympathized with the reform, and ordered the banning of the Beijing Strong Society. Kou Liancai is honest, frank and strong-willed. In the face of internal and external troubles, he is always sad and worried.

One day, after the Western Empress Dowager was about to rest, Kou Liancai knelt in front of the couch and burst into tears. Cixi was frightened and asked why. Kou Liancai cried. "At this moment of national disaster, Lafayette doesn't think about his ancestors, but he doesn't think about himself?" Why endure more vertical pleasure and internal changes? Cixi thought he was crazy, didn't care and drove him away.

When Kou Liancai saw that dissuasion was ineffective, he took five days off and went back to his hometown Changping to see his parents, wife and children for the last time as a farewell. And gave a copy of the secret things in the palace to his brother for safekeeping. Then he returned to the palace and distributed his savings to all the eunuchs. After all the arrangements were made, he submitted a written letter (1896) to Empress Dowager Cixi in Shen Bing on February 5th. Kou Liancai deeply felt that everything he played last time was very important, and he would not survive, so he was determined to die.

Ten things played by Kou Liancai: First, please ask the queen mother not to seize power and run away from the government and return it to the emperor; Second, stop repairing the wheel; 3. Stop railway construction; Fourth, severely punish the traitor Li Hongzhang; Fifth, rebuild military equipment and fight to the death with Japan. The rest of the historical records are unknown, but the strangest rumor is the last one. The throne says that the emperor has no children now, so please choose the sage of the world as the crown prince to make Yao Shun's move effective.

Although these articles are absurd, they are all from the heart, and their loyalty can be seen. Empress Dowager Cixi flew into a rage and angrily rebuked Kou Liancai. Reassuring anger