Di, a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty, according to the epitaph, his ancestors were not Han Chinese.

Di, a famous soldier in the Tang Dynasty, is a household name in China, and is well known to all women and children. Influenced by the Dutch writer Gao Luopei's book The Legend of Di Renjie, Di Renjie enjoys a high reputation all over the world. Taiyuan Village is Di's hometown. Although there are many records in the chronicles of past dynasties, there is nothing except the legend that Renjie's mother planted a Tang Huai plant. There are many stories about Di in Old Tang Shu and New Tang Shu, but there are few and vague records about Di's family history. It seems a little too short for such a historical and cultural celebrity.

At the beginning of July, 2000, a brick factory in Wangjiafeng Village, yingze district, Taiyuan City excavated and destroyed an ancient tomb during its production. This land is only 3 kilometers away from Di Village, and the owner's surname is Di. Our first impression is that this mansion is related to the Di Renjie family. A cursory look at the epitaph shows that the owner of the epitaph is Di Zhan, but my grandfather's uncle did not mention the title of the book in his description of his father's ancestors. Moreover, from the perspective of experience and official position, it seems that they are all Qiang people, and it is difficult to match the impression of Taiyuan Mingmen Di. Further searching the historical records, it is found that the Book of the New Tang Dynasty Prime Minister's Spectrum is a person: "Sun Gong, a descendant of Hou Bo, was born in Leping, and lived in Taiyuan at the end of Qin Dynasty. Zhan, the leader of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, was born in Linyi. Sun xiaoxu. "Comparative text:" Wu Ding was in power for six years, except for officials, and for eight years, except for generals and sons of Lin. "There is no doubt that it is appropriate. Therefore, it is confirmed that the tomb owner Di Zhan is the grandfather of Di Xiaoxu and the great-great grandfather of De Renjie.

It is a natural blessing to find the epitaph of Di Renjie's ancestors near his hometown. It not only added new content to Di's hometown, but also corrected the extremely brief record of Di's family history in history books and solved some important problems related to it.

Renjie's ancestors were Qiang people.

Di Zhuan in Old Tang Shu and New Tang Shu all said that Di was from Taiyuan. According to Yuan He's Compilation, Genealogy Table of Prime Ministers in the New Tang Dynasty, Discrimination of Surnames in Ancient and Modern Times, and Brief Introduction to Tongzhi Imperial Clans, the surname of Di Ji, whose mother and brother Xiaobo were sealed in Dicheng because they thought it was their own surname. Historical records include Dr. Lumiti, sage Di Yi, Confucius' disciple, and Dr. Di Shan in Han Dynasty. Dishan, who advocated making friends with Xiongnu, protested against sending troops to conquer and angered Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. He was sent to guard the dangerous place on the city wall, and was killed by Huns more than a month after his arrival. However, after the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, there was no such person as Di of the Han nationality in the history books. During this period, there is a big gap, which may not only mean that there are no celebrities named Di, but also mean that those named Di have disappeared in the Central Plains. It was not until the Sixteen Kingdoms period that the so-called Di Zhi Bo, a descendant of Di Shan, who lived in Tianshui during Yuan He's compilation period, appeared on the Prime Minister's Chronicle as the distant ancestor of Emperor Renjie. Dishan and his predecessors should undoubtedly be Han Chinese, but this one is not another one.

From the beginning, Di Zhi Bo appeared as A Qiang. It was first seen in the Book of Jin Yao Chang, which means that he and the Qiang and Di families in Xizhou jointly elected Yao Chang as the leader, and then acted according to the system to establish the post-Qin Dynasty. It is said that Di Zhibo is from A Qiang. Although it is not clearly recorded in Historical Records, there are many evidences: First, almost all the Di people I met in Shu Wei in 1998 were Qiang people. For example, "Taizong Ji" said: "In the five years of Changtai, Di Wenzi, the toast of the Qiang people in Xingcheng, was attached to more than 3,000 households." Biography of the Ancestor and Biography of Lu Yi: "Pingliang broke the golden wall, and Qiang generals Di Yuzi and others rebelled." Wait a minute. Second, Di Zhan's great-grandfather was appointed as a captain of Lingdong Qiang. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, this official position was held by the powerful Qiang people.

Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the border was out of control, and this official position was gradually transferred to the powerful hands of the chiefs of various tribes, meaning "cont"

The Book of Jin and the Book of Wei recorded the surname Di and the mountain Di who lived in Tianshui. "History of the North" is even more brazen, saying that "it was before Di Fang, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, came in". There is no such person as Di Fang in all historical records. After reading Yuan He Shi edited by Cen, I realized that it actually refers to Zhai, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty. In ancient China, "land" and "house" were common in some cases, such as the lineage table of Milo's prime minister. But in the Han dynasty, these two words were not connected, so there were both Dishan and Zhai Jinfang in the literature of the Han dynasty. Obviously, the author wants to attach himself to an ancestor who is more prominent than Dishan, so he takes the false sentence in ancient Chinese as an example and changes Zhai Jinfang to Di Jinfang. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the mainstream society respected family status, and aristocratic families boasted and despised ordinary gentry, which was very popular and had far-reaching influence. Literati are generally ashamed of their humble origins, not to mention the so-called Yidi lineage, which is naturally more secretive. After death, it is quite common to cling to a noble family and show his official position in the epitaph by any means. This example also shows that even the relatively reliable surname books of past dynasties are inevitably influenced by this and need careful analysis.

Qiang nationality is one of the oldest members of the Chinese nation, which appeared in historical records as early as Shang Dynasty. They began to communicate and integrate with the Han nationality very early. Historically, many neighboring ethnic tribes often used the first word of their names as their surnames in China when communicating with the Han nationality. Shiduo is an example. A considerable part of them have been completely sinicized, making it impossible for future generations to identify their origins. The surname of Di is an example.

Textual research on de Renjie's lineage

Di is my great-grandfather, the word Di Zhan, and the word An Zong. According to Di Zhan's epitaph and Sixty Years of the Spring and Autumn Period, he was born around 500 AD. He is a man who is "light on literature and good at martial arts". /kloc-at the age of 0/8, "release Brown" as an official. He experienced great social unrest in the late Northern Wei Dynasty. In 534, when the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty split, he followed Yu Wentai westward to Xianyang. A few years later, "riding back to the DPRK." Gao Huan is very important. He was an official, a general one day, and Linyi. After entering the Northern Qi Dynasty, he served as Qiu, Governor Baima, Jingzhou Secretariat, and General Che Qi. In the third year of Qing Dynasty, Jinyang was finally found.

Di Zhan's father is Gong and lives in Taiyuan. Untitled cloud once observed, "General Fu joined the army and Fu was the master." . At the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Er Zhurong was a general of Tianzhu and set up a government in Taiyuan to rule the world. Di Gong should be in office during this time. After the fall of Zhu Rong, most of his subordinates belonged to Gao Huan and were placed in Qingzhou and Jinyang. When the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasties split, it is estimated that Di Gong is at least nearly sixty years old and will probably stay in Jinyang, while Di Zhan is threatened to go west. This may also be an important reason why Di Zhan rode back to the DPRK later.

Yun, Di Zhan's grandfather and great-grandfather were "Lueyanggong" in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and their names were not written. Emperor xiaowen reigned for four years. So, Di and Qiang rebelled and broke the back road. Lueyang's husband, Anu, is a general. He went to discuss with Lohan to break it. "Also applies to. We have reason to suspect. This husband Anu of Lueyang should be the ancestor of the Di family. First, according to a rough calculation of 20 years in each generation, his grandfather was born in 460 and his great-grandfather was born around 440.

There are two generations of Lueyang people in Di Yun family, one of whom must have lived in the time when the above historical events happened. It is impossible to have two slightly active men at the same time, Di and Fu, either one or the other. Secondly, Di Di, the distant ancestor of Di Di, can be found in different history books, and there are many sayings: Di Bowen, Di Boyou, Di Boyou and so on. This is obviously copied and damaged due to their proximity. The word "fu" in t

According to the existing data, we can roughly sort out the origin of Di surname: Di surname in Tianshui must be Qiang people or Qiang people in the process of sinicization; His ancestors had nothing to do with Dr. Han Dishan; They are probably from "epitaph" written by "Di". He settled in Chang 'an when he arrived in Zhi Bo at the end of Qin Dynasty, so the owner of the epitaph of Eryun Tomb was "a native of Fengyi County". He settled in Taiyuan and gave birth to Di Zhan when he arrived in Di Gong. When Di Xiaoxu and Di Renjie arrived, they naturally came from the original.

Since the Five Kingdoms and Sixteen Kingdoms, the Di family has been an aristocratic family in Dongqiang. According to the Epitaph, all the local official positions held by ancestors in past dynasties were in Tianshui, Gansu, with the lowest official position being the Governor of Qin Zhou and the military rank being the General of Zhenxi. Di Zhan's official position in the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties is similar, which shows that his background has been playing a role, and he has the mission of taking care of his own people for the court. After entering the Northern Qi Dynasty, he was appointed as "former vice governor of Qiu and governor of Baima", all of which are evidence. Even in the early Tang Dynasty, De Renjie was appointed as the secretariat of Ningzhou, "making peace and pleasing it, and the county people erected a monument to praise it", which could not rule out the possibility of using his family historical background.

The Di family developed from a powerful Qiang nationality to a famous family represented by the famous Tang Dynasty, which is a typical example of the great integration of the Chinese nation. In feudal society, it is obviously considered a shame to be born in Yidi, but when it comes to Di's family background in history books, it is vague and ambiguous, which may reflect Di's attitude on this matter. However, from today's perspective, this process and ending are not only the glory of the whole Chinese nation, but also the glory of the Di Renjie family. As the world-famous hometown of Di Renjie, Taiyuan Village has more reason to be proud of it.