My hometown-Lao Fengxiang in my memory

Fengxiang in 1950s was a famous historical and cultural city. The city walls are dilapidated but intact. You can go up from one place, walk around and go back to the original place. Xi 'an city wall circumference 13.7 km, urban area 1 1.32 km2 .. Fengxiang city wall circumference in Tang Dynasty was 6. 1 km, and urban area was 4.4 km2. Xi 'an City Wall was in Ming Dynasty and Fengxiang City Wall was in Tang Dynasty. In the 1960s, there was no park in Baoji, and Soviet experts working in Baoji had nowhere to play on weekends, so they went fishing in Fengxiang East Lake. Our children ran all the way from the south gate to the wall and looked down at the east wall. We were very surprised to see the Soviets with big noses and yellow hair for the first time!

The northwest corner of the city wall is called "Fengtou", and the Phoenix Tower is built on it. There is a big clock hanging inside, and the bell is distant, which is one of the eight scenic spots in Fengxiang-Phoenix Terrace in Xiao Zhong. There are three springs gurgling downstairs in Phoenix, which are clear and sweet, and are called "Phoenix Springs". Guanzhong Tool Factory, which moved from Harbin in the late 1960s, built a water tower in the original site of Fenghuang Building, and the domestic and production water was taken from Fenghuang Spring. Outside the East Lake, there is a small stone bridge named "Fengwei Bridge", under which the water gurgles. It took me a little time to realize that Fengxiang City is the shape of a phoenix spreading its wings and flying. Otherwise, how can it be called "Fengtou" and "Fengwei Bridge", and how can it have the origin of Fengxiang county name?

On the east, west, south and north gates of the city wall, there is an urn with a tower and a watchtower on it, and the nail cap on the door is as big as a bowl. 1000 years later, in the 1950s, the city wall was damaged and the big bricks covering it fell off. Residents in the city use big bricks falling from the city wall to pave the yard and repair the toilet.

▲ Selling hemp rope

The water in the moat under the city wall comes from Phoenix Spring, and the stream keeps going day and night. Some places can hear the sound of rushing water, and women are washing clothes there. I often go to the moat with my mother who washes clothes. The south moat (south of Shi Feng) and the west moat (city wall ruins park) in the southwest corner are good places for swimming, with a water depth of more than two meters, a width of seven or eight meters and a length of thirty or forty meters. Sometimes people drown in summer. I have seen a tall man drown and be fished out and put on the shore. The scenery in Nanhao is like the south, and the water is very shallow. Little dolls often play with water there. All swimming postures were learned from the "dog planing" there, and later participated in the staff swimming competition. Nanhao has a large area of aquatic plants, lotus leaves, duckweed, and a kind of grass shaped like scissors, which we play with in our hands. There are little frogs on duckweed. At night, frogs can be heard in the south moat on East Street. There are water snakes, turtles, fish and shrimp. I have seen someone net a fish more than a foot long. We often use a colander to catch shrimp, and when we get home, we use an iron spoon to drop some oil and sprinkle some salt for frying. I'm greedy, worthless and shaky. When I traveled to Jiangsu and Zhejiang water towns, I saw the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River and remembered my hometown decades ago.

There are many old buildings in this city. There is a tall wooden archway at the entrance of West Street Court, on which the words "No.3 Middle School" are written. At that time, I was still young and didn't understand its meaning. There is a magnificent building in North Street, with an octagonal flying and the inscription "Octagonal Kaiyuan Temple". Older people still call that place "Bajiao Temple". There are many ancient buildings such as the entrance of the Armed Forces Department, Dongguan Printing Factory, Juncang Lane, Mashenmiao Lane, Zaoyemiao Lane, Yaowangdong, Taibai Lane and Daguanmiao Lane. At that time, East Street was paved with stone slabs, and there were many shops, which were lively and prosperous. There are many teahouses in the street, the largest of which is at the south entrance of Grand Cross Street. It is full of old people, smoking cigarettes and drinking boiled tea, making irresponsible remarks and making a lot of smoke. Occasionally, I saw Qing veterans from the countryside who went to town, with pigtails on their backs and wallets on their backs. A pot of tea costs ten cents, and you can have a refill after drinking it. There are storytellers every afternoon. I've only been with my grandfather once or twice. 1966 went to Chengdu in series, and saw that Chengdu Teahouse was very similar to Fengxiang Teahouse.

Fengxiang, 327 years before the Qin Dynasty and 2695 years ago, has always been a material distribution center in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Gansu, Ningxia and Sichuan provinces. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, four streets and thirty-two lanes have been formed, with Xiguan and Dongjie as "ten-mile long streets", with complete commercial categories, numerous shops, developed economy and trade, and dense flow of people from north to south. There are many rich people in Fengxiang and Dongguan, and there are many luxurious courtyards with unique architectural style in Xifu. Only I know Jia Jia, Jia Zheng and Feng Jia in Mashenmiao Lane, Fang Jia in Pawnshop Lane, Li Jia in Qianfu Lane, Chen Jia, Jia Zheng, Sun Jia and Zhou Jia in Hangsi Lane. By the middle of Qing Dynasty, Dongguan was more prosperous than the city because of its convenient transportation. County annals: "Chengguan Street in the east of the city is more than ten miles long, and there are many businessmen living in it, which is the essence of a county." So there are more quadrangles with unique architectural style in Dongguan. A few years ago, when I visited Qiao's compound, Wang's compound and Cao's compound in Shanxi, I told my colleagues that my hometown's compound was no worse than it was decades ago.

▲ Buy a stone mirror.

West Lake is very famous in Xifu. But in the sixties and seventies, pavilions were in ruins. Zuo Gong Liu, who was not embraced by several people by the lake, was planted when Fengxiang was resting on the left in the Qing Dynasty. This tree is dry and rotten. The shallow lake is covered with green algae and gives off an unpleasant smell. The pillars of pavilions are engraved with the knife marks of "so-and-so comes here to visit", calling East Lake a mistake. Before the 1970s, the walls of the Tang Dynasty were still there, and the phoenix spring water gurgled under the walls. Looking at the waterwheel in the south of Su Ting, the waterwheel is turning. At that time, there were no villas, and the area of East Lake was about three-fifths of what it is now. I was deeply impressed by Guo Jian's book Rebuilding East Lake and the stone tablet that recorded Lin Zexu's passing by Fengxiang in 1960s+0920s. This 1000-year-old ancient garden is dilapidated, but the skeleton has not fallen down, and its charm still exists! The Western Regions Pavilion is stormy, Xu Lingtai is stormy, and the paint on the plaque falls off, but the handwriting is faintly visible. When I grow up, I read Guan Ju, an ancient Chinese prose, and found that Su Shi's Xi Yu Ting Ji and Xu Ling Tai Chi are juxtaposed with Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, Preface to Wang Teng Ting in Wang Bo, Fu to Tu Mu's Epang Palace, Lou Ji in Yang Yue by Fan Zhongyan and Drunken Pavilion by Ouyang Xiu.

Every time I visit East Lake, I think of a birthday girl named Li Wande. He has worked in the county cultural center for decades, and his knowledge and calligraphy are good. He is a thoughtful and knowledgeable man of culture. In the 1980s, he was ordered by the government to preside over the largest reconstruction project in the history of East Lake, rebuilding more than 30 pavilions, such as Xiyu Pavilion, Xulingtai, Scholar's Academy, Sugong Temple and Shanmen Archway, as well as the newly opened South Lake and villas. He promoted Su Shi's research, participated in the production of several research results of Su Shi in Fengxiang, and held a national Su Shi academic seminar in Fengxiang. A foreigner spent his whole life for Fengxiang's cultural career! However, Li Wande died in the dormitory of East Lake before he was 70 years old.

▲ selling clay sculptures

Before 1966, Fengxiang City had three primary schools, three middle schools, and a normal school built in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, with developed education. There were many temples, temples, Taoist temples and churches in the city at that time. The Catholic and evangelical churches in West Street are bigger than they are now. Before the founding of New China, there were a group of clergy, all of whom were British, Italian and other China people. 1966 class struggle education exhibition, two churches display a large number of religious articles and daily necessities of foreign clergy, and I have visited them both.

People in my hometown don't call me grandma, they call me grandma. My wife often tells us stories, most of which are related to Fengxiang before the founding of New China. I heard my grandmother say: In the eighteenth year of the Republic of China (1929), people starved to death, ten rooms were empty, the bark was chewed up, and people ate people; Japanese planes bombed Fengxiang dozens of times, blowing people's legs to the trees behind the road; Warlord Guo Jian killed more than fifty beggars at a time; Warlords and bandits stole Fengxiang's tomb and went to Baoji Doujitai to rob the tomb. Bandits robbed my house, and the whole family hid in the tunnel. The robbers tied my janitor grandma to a tree and set her on fire. In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), the wall collapsed and the house collapsed. When Fengxiang was liberated, Peng lived in West Street Church. Wait a minute. Every time my wife says this, she will say: it is still a good society, there are no bandits, and there is no need to hide from Japanese planes!

▲ field head

Today, in the section of the Tang City Wall Ruins Park, no one went because there was a wooden tower above the city corner, and the moat ditch was too deep and wide, and the shelf road was not easy to walk. Fengxiang Normal School survived because the school wall was built earlier. The northwest corner of the city was reserved due to the land acquisition of Guanzhong Tool Factory in 1967. In 1968, a water tower was built on the base of the original Phoenix Building. These three sections add up to several hundred meters. Fengxiang City Wall was built in the Tang Dynasty, which is one foot and five inches higher than the Ming City Wall in Xi 'an, so it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. This ancient military project, called "Lying Cow" by historians, stood tall for more than a thousand years, but disappeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s!

The Bajiao Kaiyuan Temple standing at the entrance of North Street was destroyed as 1967. It was the most irrational and crazy year. Kaiyuan Temple was built in the first year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (7 13). It is a wooden building with unique design and exquisite craftsmanship. This temple is famous for the paintings of Wang Wei and Wu Daozi. Su Shi has a poem: "Where to visit Wu paintings, Pumen Kaiyuan?" . There is an East Tower in Kaiyuan, which leaves fingerprints when it is wiped. "

Mocha, namely Wang Wei (70 1—76 1), was born in the Tang Dynasty in Yuncheng, Shanxi. Wang Wei, who studies Buddhism and Taoism, is proficient in poetry, calligraphy, painting and music, especially calligraphy and painting. Later generations praised him as the ancestor of Nanzong landscape painting. Su Shi commented on him and said: "It tastes like a poem with charm, and there are pictures in it; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. "

Wu Daozi (about 680-759) was born in Yuzhou, Henan Province. A famous painter in Tang Dynasty, his painting history was regarded as a sage. Good at mural creation, once called into the court. Wu Daozi's painting style has been imitated and used for reference by many painters since the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties.

▲ Fengxiang East Lake Western Pavilion

Fumenji is located between Fengxiang Dongguan Printing Factory and Taibai Lane. The place where the printing house is located is now a supermarket. Fumeng Temple, built in the Tang Dynasty, is a famous temple in Guanzhong area during the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties. Jin Dading was six years old and Ming Zhengde was eight years old, and it was repaired on a large scale. Since the Qing Dynasty, there have been many wars. In the early years of the Republic of China, the gold plaque of "Fumen Temple" was still hung. There are still the remains of the backyard in the ruins, and there are two stone tablets in the courtyard.

Everyone over 60 years old in Fengxiang should have seen the Bajiao Kaiyuan Temple in North Street. There are few remains of ancient buildings in the Tang Dynasty in Guanzhong area, and there are only Big Wild Goose Pagoda and Small Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi 'an. Fengxiang Bajiao Kaiyuan Temple, built in the Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty, is a historical and cultural landmark of Fengxiang ancient city. After more than ten dynasties of regime change and several generations of Fengxiang people's protection, it has stood tall for more than 1200 years, not destroyed by war or earthquake, but man-made disaster in the name of contemporary "revolution" in 1967, which is heartbreaking!

199 1 year, Shaanxi province announced Fengxiang as the first batch of only provincial-level historical and cultural cities in the province. At that time, I thought that the long history and splendid culture of Yongzhou, China, and Su Shi's early official service before the Qin Dynasty were the basis for approving Fengxiang as a famous historical and cultural city. The purpose of identifying a famous city is to let future generations preserve and inherit material and cultural heritage, meet the needs of economic development and stimulate tourism. But the lost material and cultural heritage can only be read and dictated, invisible and intangible. What a pity for ordinary tourists! When I visited Pingyao Ancient City in Shanxi, Fenghuang Ancient City in Hunan and Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan, I felt that the ancient Yongzhou more than 2,000 years ago and Fengxiang Ancient City built in Tang Dynasty, if preserved, would not be worse than these places! I think of a deeper question, why can those ancient cities be preserved as material and cultural heritage? And why is Fengxiang ancient city with a longer history and more splendid culture "killed"? At that time, that generation was ashamed of the glorious history of their hometown and their ancestors and descendants!

▲ Fengxiang Old City Wall

Once I visited a friend in Antu Car Lane, Xi. My friend's 80-year-old mother asked me where my hometown was, and I said Fengxiang. The old man even said, "Fengxiang has a Lingshan, which travels all over the world. It's no use not going to Lingshan! " I told the old man that Lingshan Temple was destroyed in the 1960s, the statue was smashed and the temple was demolished. Later, the county built an agricultural school there, and a TV relay station was built after the agricultural school was merged. In recent years, the policy has been good, with pilgrims giving alms and social fund-raising. People in Gansu, Shanxi, Henan and Ningxia also burned incense, which is very famous. You should visit it often to make your wish come true!

Once again, at my colleague's house, his mother learned that I was from Fengxiang and said the same thing: "It's no use going all over the world without going to Lingshan!" I am surprised that my hometown Lingshan is so sacred in the eyes of the old people in Xi 'an! Filial colleagues changed dozens of Zhang Yiyuan denominations and drove their mother to Lingshan to worship Buddha. Every time the old lady kowtows in the main hall, she takes advantage of her son's unprepared filial piety and is reluctant to spend 100 yuan to stuff it into the merit box. Then he said, "I didn't build your brothers in the temple as directors, factory directors and professors!" " "My colleague said to me," You see, my professor was taught by my old mother in the temple. "Make me laugh!

When the old mother of the friend in front died, she couldn't fulfill her wish to worship Buddha in Lingshan, so she cried when she mentioned it. What a pity!

▲ woven steamer

My hometown concept is very heavy. Tourists from home were warmly received, and they tried their best to ask for help. When they hear the local accent, they will take the initiative to strike up a conversation, but sometimes they will be slightly unhappy. I heard that my hometown people opened a restaurant to sell dough and minced meat noodles, but they just refused to admit that they were Fengxiang people and said they were Qishan people. There is a tofu and bean curd restaurant in front of the school. The boss speaks vinegar in Mandarin and says that he is from Baoji. I said Fengxiang people are not ashamed! Tofu pudding is authentic only in Fengxiang!

Someone asked me where I came from and I said Fengxiang. The other party said, I know, I know, in the Qinling Mountains, I passed by your county on my way to Chengdu by train, which is a beautiful mountain city. Others said, I have been to Famen Temple in your county! A friend of the township party committee said that he had encountered such embarrassment, and later said that his hometown was from that county in xifeng liquor. I said, "Poor thing! At present, the communication strategy of products including famous wines is to dilute the origin. In which county are Maotai, Fenjiu and Jiannanchun produced? How many people can say it? " Although these are trivial things, it shows that the popularity of my hometown is still embarrassing.

Fame is achieved by hard and soft strength and communication strategy. I use newspaper comments to ask students to make a statistical analysis of the frequency of four newspapers in the province in the county, and the conclusion is that the frequency of hometown is at the lower end. There is another reason that is easily overlooked. Fengxiang's "Xiang" is pronounced "Qiang" locally, and the standard pronunciation should be "xiáng". Written phonetic notation is inconsistent with local pronunciation, students' pronunciation is inconsistent with adults' pronunciation, local pronunciation is inconsistent with foreigners' pronunciation, and radio and television pronunciation is inconsistent with daily oral pronunciation, resulting in "noise interference" in communication. Many local people in Fengxiang accidentally wrote Fengxiang as Fengxiang, even Fengxiang, which affected the effective spread of Fengxiang, a famous historical and cultural city.

▲ Visit temple fairs

My hometown has changed a lot in recent years. There are more tall buildings, more department stores with elevators, more parks, more cars, more fashionable people, and the feeling of a modern city. I pay attention to the province's GDP ranking. Fengxiang has been in the top ten counties in the economy, ranking eleventh or twelfth most of the time; The construction of Dadonghu, Dalingshan and Dayongcheng sites can be called a great deal, and the blueprint for the development of the western district is even more exciting! Last year, I saw a modern, beautiful and atmospheric picture of Zhang Jiaxiang on the Internet, and then I saw the same big poster in Baodi high-speed railway station. When I got back, I couldn't find the map. I asked people that it was a computer-generated ps map of the western district planning. Although it is a bit funny, I also see that my hometown is eager to change, to be rich and to be in line with the trend of the times.

After leaving my hometown for more than forty years, nostalgia often comes to my mind. Every time I go home, I have some small impulses, and I plan to eat dough, tofu pudding, turn the street, meet acquaintances, find memories and find homesickness; But after returning home, I felt strangely lonely. It is difficult to meet acquaintances in the streets and alleys, and young people don't know them. Walk in front of your house, and the new residents nearby will look at you strangely. It's a bit like He Zhangzhi's "Old and young, left their hometown, the local accent hasn't changed". When a child meets a stranger, he will smile and ask the guest where he is from.

Fengxiang is my hometown where I was born and raised! No matter whether the city governs the county or the county changes the district, I always take "Fengxiang" as my native place, and I am proud to be a Fengxiang person!