What is the translation of the forty-fifth classical Chinese version of Yuan Zhuan?

Yao Shu, a native of Liucheng, moved to Luoyang. When he was a teenager, Yang Weizhong went to visit Emperor Taizong with him. In the seventh year of Emperor Taizong (1235), the Mongolian army invaded the Song Dynasty and ordered Yao Shu to follow Zhong Wei in seeking Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, medicine and divination in the army. The Mongols attacked Zaoyang, and the country mainly killed the residents in the city, trying to dissuade them, saying that this was not the will of the imperial edict, and how to explain it to the emperor in the future. Zhao Fu, a famous Confucian, found it after capturing De 'an, and later got the works of Cheng Yi and Zhu. In the thirteenth year of Emperor Taizong's reign (124 1), Yao Shu was appointed as the doctor of Yanjing and was given a gold symbol. Soon, he refused to accept bribes, resigned and moved to Huizhou with his family, where he built a temple with a room dedicated to Confucius, Song Ru and Zhou Dunyi. And publish classics, read and play the piano every day, and plan to die here. Xu Heng, who lives in Wei County, also went to Yao Shu's house to copy the scriptures written by Cheng and Zhu.

Before sai-jo acceded to the throne, Zhao Bizhao was sent to Yao Shu Palace to entertain guests and ask about the way of governing the country. Yao Shu wrote thousands of words. First of all, he listed the ways of two emperors and three Wang Zhiguo to conquer the world as eight: self-cultivation, mechanics, respecting sages, kissing, fear of heaven, loving the people, kindness and distance. Secondly, there are 30 disadvantages of keeping the times. The general idea is: setting up Chinese book provinces and ministries, unifying government decrees and outline discipline; Select talents, promote talents and eliminate mediocrity; Give a salary to stop corruption; Make laws to try criminals' prisons, accept the power of life and death in court, and let the perpetrators get revenge; Set up supervisory organs to promote officials and reduce mediocrity; Stop the collection, so that the tribe can't extort and beg; Streamline job biography and reduce the burden on counties; Repair schools, advocate classics and praise filial piety in order to cultivate talents and purify customs; It is necessary to develop agriculture and prohibit idleness; Serious military and political discipline, not disturbing the people; Give alms to the poor and help the widowed; Carry out reclamation and border defense to consolidate national defense; Open inland river transportation to make Kyoto granary adequate; Prohibit usury, so that lenders will not go bankrupt; Establish regular warehouses to store food in short supply; Establish a system of weights and measures so that profiteers can't cheat; Put an end to false accusations and reduce undue litigation; Wait a minute. Sai-jo even thought Yao Shu was very talented, so he called in for questioning and hired him to teach his eldest son to learn from the scriptures.

Xianzong acceded to the throne, making sai-jo take over the military and political power south of Chilaowen Mountain, and all the ministers came to congratulate him, with the exception of Yao Shu. When sai-jo asked him why, he replied, "Does the land, people and wealth in the world now exceed the area occupied by the Han people? If the military and civilians are under the jurisdiction of your highness, why do you want the son of heaven? In the future, if courtiers provoke each other, the emperor will listen. Take away your power now. It is better to hold the military power now, and the required property will be supplied by the relevant administrative organs, so that nothing will happen. " Sai-jo listened to his advice and got the approval of Xianzong. Yao Shu also suggested setting up a wasteland management office in Bianjing to prepare for attacking the Song Dynasty. Set up a grain transportation department in Weihui to transport grain to Henan. Xianzong sealed the imperial clan territory, and sai-jo followed Yao Shu's suggestion and chose Guanzhong as his fief.

In the summer of Emperor Xianzong's second year (1252), Yao Shu and his ancestors marched to Dali. On the way, he led Song Taizu to send Cao Bin to give an example of not killing one person in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and advised Sai-jo to give up killing, which was completely adopted by Sai-jo. The following year, when the Mongols arrived in Dali City, the local people had to be uneasy because the flag said stop.

After Sai-jo acceded to the throne, ten Fu Xuan envoys were established, with Yao Shu as the ambassador of Dongping Fu Xuan. After taking office, he will balance the tax burden of ordinary farmers, remove the iron official, and set up two people, suggesting that farmers and prosecutors supervise this matter. In the second year of Zhongtong (126 1), he was given the surname of Prince. Yao Shu felt wrong and resigned. He met Xu Hengchuan and was appointed as the head of the agricultural department.

In the fourth year of Zhiyuan (1267), he worshipped Yao Shu as a national scholar. Please abolish the old system of local royal families serving as local governors for generations and appoint officials of the central government instead. The sai-jo was furious, and Yao Shun wrote: Taizu started the inheritance, surpassed the previous generation, and died before being cured. After several dynasties, officials abused punishment excessively and people's livelihood was depressed. Your majesty's innate kindness and wisdom. Before he ascended the throne, he emphasized the way of governing the country, such as Xingzhou, Henan and Shaanxi, which were all the worst places to govern. His Majesty set up three ambassadors there to appease, manage and publicize officials, appoint officials to serve, promulgate salaries, advocate incorruptibility, eliminate corruption and encourage farming and mulberry. In less than three years, these places were well managed. People all over the world are looking forward to your help, just as children are looking forward to their mothers. After the death of Xian Zong, the first emperor, China was in chaos, and God succeeded to the throne with His Majesty. Your Majesty inherited the system of China in the past dynasties and established the Chinese Department, ministries, foreign prisons and procuratorial departments. In the five or six years since the reunification of China, although foreign invasion and internal strife have continued, officials and people have been able to live in peace, the treasury granary is also sufficient, the banknote law is popular, the country is still sufficient, officials have been promoted normally, and political affairs have been updated. It can protect the heritage of its ancestors because it relies on and adopts the way of Saint Wang Zhiguo in China. This is in line with God's will and is supported by the people. Recently, I heard that His Majesty wants to change the political facilities that have achieved initial results. It's like transplanting a newly planted tree before it takes root and destroying an already built house. People from far and near are worried that once the foundation is abolished, it will be difficult to achieve great things in the future. This is your majesty's worries and great harm to the country. After sai-jo read the newspaper, his anger disappeared.

In the 10th year of Zhiyuan (1273), Yao Shu worshiped Zhao Wenge as a university student and was ordered to make detailed court etiquette. This year, Meng Jun captured Xiangyang and planned to capture the Song Dynasty. Yao Shu recommended Antong, the right prime minister, and Bo Yan, the Privy Council, as commander-in-chief of the Southern Expedition. In the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty, Yao Shu wrote about the Mongolian attack on the Song Dynasty: Last year, Bo Yan set out to attack the Song Dynasty, and marched in a hurry, from Sichuan in the west to the seaside in the east, and captured more than 30 cities. But this year, from summer to autumn, a city did not fall, and the soldiers and civilians of the Song Dynasty in Yangzhou, Jiao Shan and Huai 'an stubbornly resisted. This is because our soldiers do not think about the national plan, do not understand your majesty's kindness, and rob money and kill people. Please reiterate the prohibition of killing, with clear rewards and punishments, and be kind to everyone, so that you can win without too much military effort. Please also prohibit the punishment of flogging and stabbing the face in the Song Dynasty.

In the 13th year of Zhiyuan, Bai Shu was appointed as a Bachelor of Hanlin. Seventeen, seventy-eight. "literature"

Xu Heng, Zhongping, Huaiqing Road, Hanoi, has been farming for generations. Father Xu Tong moved to Henan. Xu Heng, born in the 9th year of Taihe (1209), was born in Xinzheng County in September. He entered school at the age of seven and asked the teacher why he studied. The teacher replied, "Go to the imperial examination." Ask again: "Is that all?" The teacher was surprised. Every time he talks about a book in the future, Xu Heng will ask the truth, so that the teacher says to his parents, "Your son is clever, but I am incompetent. Please don't ask for a famous teacher. " Leave the museum. It's the same with three teachers in a row. When he grew up, he was more eager to learn, and his family was poor and had no books. He once saw a book explaining the Book of Changes in a fortune teller's house, so he copied it back and read it carefully. Later, he fled to Culai Mountain and got the Book of Changes annotated by Wang Fusi. At that time, despite the war, Xu Heng insisted on reading every day, thinking every night and practicing. There is a way to cross the river and Yang, which coincides with the hot summer and thirst. There is a pear tree on the roadside, full of fruits, and people in the same trade are scrambling to pick food. Xu Heng sat alone under the tree and asked him why. He said, "You can't pick things that don't belong to you." Someone said, "In this troubled times, where does this tree have an owner?" Heng said, "Pear has no owner, so my heart has no owner?" Here's the thing. He fled everywhere, first to Lu, then to Wei, and then returned to Huaiqing after living in Wei for three years, and then he often traveled between him and Luo. In Liucheng, he got the works of "Yi Luo Cheng" (Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao) and "New Zhu An" (Zhu) from Yao Shu, which benefited a lot. Later, he moved to Sumenshan near Huixian, and often discussed knowledge with Yao Shu and Dou Mo. All classics, children's history, music, famous things, ephemeris, military punishment, food, water conservancy and so on are all topics they discuss. Xu Heng once said, "A country of ethics cannot be abolished in one day. If the above people don't perform, we generally have to perform. " This is exactly what we do in real life.

Xianzong four years (1254), sai-jo named Qin Zhong, Yao Shu was the ambassador to persuade agriculture, and Xu Heng was the scholar of Jingzhao. Children in this county don't want to have the opportunity to go to school. Heng built a school in Jingzhao County. Sai-jo traveled south and Xu Heng returned to Huaiqing. However, the Jingzhao scholars could not keep him and sent him back to Lintong.

In the first year of reunification (1260), sai-jo proclaimed himself emperor and called Xu Heng and Yao Shu to the capital. At that time, Wang Wentong was in charge of Pingzhang politics. When discussing the way of governing the country and securing the country, the literary tradition attaches importance to profit, while Tianping and Fulcrum think that it must be based on righteousness, and the literary tradition is jealous. In addition, Dou Mo said in front of the sai-jo that Wen Tong was not academic, and Wen Tong suspected that Xu, Yao and Dou were one school. Yao Shu was invited as the surname of Prince, Dou Mo as the division of Prince, and Xu Heng as the Prince Taibao. On the surface, they respect reuse, but in fact they can't get close to the emperor. Later, he changed his name to senior sinong, silently awarded a bachelor's degree to Hanlin, and made a drink offering for the country. Soon, Heng resigned due to illness and returned to China. In the second year of Zhiyuan (1265), the emperor took Antong as the right prime minister, and planned to take Xu Heng as a supplement to call him to Beijing to participate in the government affairs of Zhongshu Province. There are five articles in the Outline of Governing the Country to the effect that:

First, the founding of the People's Republic of China should be based on the various systems of the Han nationality practiced in China. Throughout history, after the northern nationalities occupied China, they must implement the Han nationality system, so that the national movement will last long, otherwise the national movement will not last long. Of course, it is not easy for Mongolian nobles and ministers to fully accept the Han system immediately, but it is not impossible to change their original thoughts and attitudes after long-term education. The key is that the emperor should be firm, not listen to rumors, not be eager for quick success and instant benefit, and finally achieve the goal of long-term stability of the country.

Secondly, the government affairs in Zhongshu Province are extremely annoying, and the main point lies in employing people and legislation. Employing people is to boldly appoint sages, and legislation is to establish the legacy of the ancients. Employing people and legislation complement each other, and those who manage people are governed by the law, and those who abide by the law also depend on each other and live in peace. For those who have been appointed, they should be paid to make them honest and clean; For those who have not been appointed but can be appointed, we should relax the restrictions and do what we can. At the same time, it is necessary to set up a supervisory organ to check its behavior and an official department to determine its qualifications. Those who should be promoted should be promoted, and those who should be demoted should be promoted to make their talents and virtues commensurate with their titles.

Third, it is not easy for the emperor to follow the destiny and be a teacher for the people. Therefore, since Yao and Shun, emperors and kings of the Ming Dynasty have been conscientious and cautious. First, be careful. The emperor is the Lord of all peoples. The world is big and there are many people. There are many opportunities every day, and things are changeable. It's not easy for the emperor to deal with it with one heart and one mind. He says nothing will hurt, so be careful. Never change your words, otherwise the discipline of the imperial court will not be widely spread, statutes will not be established, subjects will not abide by them, and treachery will become an opportunity. Be cautious, we must take the road of "university", take self-cultivation as the foundation, and not be disturbed by temporary emotions. As long as everything is considered and handled properly, there are few improper things. Second, know people. For the emperor, knowing people is important and urgent, but knowing people is not easy. Because human feelings are divided into good and evil, evil is hard to know, and good is easy to know; There are many people in the crowd, many people are difficult to know, and few people are easy to know, so the upper level is difficult to know and the lower level is easy to know. The emperor is located above one trillion people and has the power to seize, advance and retreat, reward and punish, and kill. If he is cheated, he won't be able to distinguish right from wrong, and his harm will be hard to overcome. To be good at knowing people, the emperor must abandon his own feelings and likes and dislikes, otherwise, when employing people, those who enter may not be gentlemen, those who retreat may not be villains, those who give may not be meritorious, and those who deprive may not be guilty. Such rewards and punishments, life and death are rarely appropriate, and we can see the importance of people. Third, Ren Xian can. People with virtue have a good heart for the public, not for inducements, not for the situation, and do things fairly. But they often hide their talents because of bad luck and are rarely known to the world; Even if someone knows but no one quotes, the emperor still doesn't know; Even if the court knew that appointment was treated like ordinary people, the sages dismissed it; Even if you treat people with courtesy, but don't use their words, saints will not be in their position. Emperors have a high position, and often love listening to other people's mistakes too much to listen to their own. Sages believe that they have the responsibility to correct this, so it is inevitable that the princes will not be in harmony, and the traitors and villains will make trouble from it, slandering and framing in many ways, and adding crimes. In ancient times, Dayu heard the good and worshipped, so he told himself that "benevolence is not suspicious, except evil." What should the later emperors do? Fourth, in addition to yes-men. People who do evil are sinister and ingenious, which is difficult for ordinary people to detect and resist. They are good at observing faces and emotions, catering to the monarch's emotions, winning the monarch's favor, being favored by superiors, exerting authority on subordinates, and hurting the country without the monarch knowing it. The adulterer is so deceptive and scary. Fifth, the world is public. The emperor really loves him, and it is natural for his subjects to repay him faithfully. However, when we look at history, we can see that there are many unreasonable things, such as the floods in summer, which saved all people and were deeply respected by the people. This matter spread to Taikang, causing hostility from everyone. Emperor Gaozu won the world with generosity and kindness, but after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the rewards and punishments were clear with love and hate, and the people were filled with indignation. In short, since ancient times, it has always been the case for those who benefit the people first and then become angry. Therefore, wise masters and saints must take the road of "university", take self-cultivation as the foundation, take words and deeds as the rule of the world, repay one with another, and repay one with public benefits, so that millions of people will certainly get what they want. Sixth, love the people. Those under three generations can be called prosperous times, such as the rule of Wenjing in Han Dynasty. However, at the time of Wenjing, there were warnings from heaven, landslides and earthquakes. The small ones are floods and droughts, and the big ones have the image of a chaotic country. Therefore, Emperor Wenjing inherited God's will and raised the people. This year, he advised farmers and mulberry farmers to reduce rents next year, which won popular support and social peace. In the past two years, comets have appeared in the east and in the west. This is also a warning from heaven, and we should take Wen Jing's diligence and love for the people as an example. Mencius said, "The people are important, but the monarch is light." The Book of Books says: "To understand the will of the people is to understand the will of God; Listening to the opinions of the people is listening to the opinions of God. " Therefore, it is impossible for you to avoid natural disasters mainly on behalf of the people.

To sum up, the above six points are exactly Xiu De, loving the people with talents, which is the fundamental reason. This foundation can be established through discipline and regulations, and the country can be ruled; Otherwise, evil will attack each other, good and evil will be enemies, and people will inevitably fall into the quagmire, so it is absolutely impossible to make the country rich and strong and the people safe.

Fourth, the ancient sages first promoted Yao and Shun, and the sages first promoted Ji and Qi. They inherit the heavenly heart from heaven, raise people from below, teach the people to grow grain, let the people live a good life, teach the people to be kind to their parents, brothers and friends, brothers and sons, and make the people feel comfortable. This is what later kings should do. If they do this, the people will be rich, the military strength will be strong, the talents will be rich and the country will be prosperous. Today, however, the country only knows how to collect people's wealth, but it doesn't know how to teach people to make money. It only knows how to stop people's bullying, not how to teach people to be good. I'm afraid the law will be difficult to implement and I don't want it to work. If farmers are given preferential treatment and are not infringed, and idle people are allowed to return to their hometowns to farm, after ten years, the grain stored in the warehouse will be more than today. The arrogant metropolis has set up schools in counties and counties. Children from princes to civilians have to go to school, understand the meaning of father and son, and learn the skills from sweeping the world to governing the country. Ten years later, the coordination of father-son relationship is not comparable to today. Mencius said, "I dare not take Yao and Shun as the example of Wang Qian." I dare tell your majesty this, just like Mencius.

Fifth, the stability of the world lies in the stability of people's hearts. The stability of people's hearts means that scholars, farmers, businesses have their own businesses. This requires those who govern the country and reassure the people to be cautious and keep their word. Taking the world and keeping it are different. The former depends on courage, while the latter depends on faith, each with its own merits. The king must understand this. When dealing with state affairs, we must think carefully before making a decision. This requires efforts to control your temporary emotions, because whether you are happy first and then angry, or angry again, it will lead to improper decision-making or more changes and lose people's trust. Zhou Youwang had no choice but to control his moodiness, lost the trust of the people and even perished. Today's emperor is not like Zhou Youwang, so why should he arouse people's suspicion?

When Emperor Sai-jo saw this paper, he praised it and adopted it one by one. Xu Heng usually gives a lot of speeches, but he doesn't leave any papers. This is the only thing that has been handed down. In the fourth year of Zhiyuan, he returned to Huaiqing for rest due to illness and was recalled in the second year. His performance was kept secret and was not handed down.

In the sixth year of Zhiyuan, Sai-jo ordered him to establish a court etiquette system with Taichangqing Xu Shilong and establish an official system with Taibao Liu and Liu. Xu Heng, referring to the official system of past dynasties, minus some temporary institutions and auxiliary institutions, played in the second year. Involving the interests of some nobles, he was advised not to change the old political system. Xu Heng said: "I am talking about the national system, which has nothing to do with individuals." This opinion was endorsed by sai-jo. Soon, Ahema was in charge of Zhongshu Pingzhang, commanding Shangshu Province and Six Departments, and was very powerful. Some ministers flattered him. And the balance is controversial, stick to principles and never give in. Soon, Ahema's son was appointed as a Council official, and everyone agreed, except Xu Heng. He said to the emperor, "The state power lies in three aspects: soldiers, people and money. Now Ahma is in charge of human resources and his son is in charge of military power. This is unacceptable. " Later, Xu Heng went to Beijing with his sai-jo, and listed many things that Ahema cheated the country and harmed the people, but did not report them to the emperor. Therefore, Heng said that he was ill and asked not to participate in national maintenance activities.

Sai-jo has long planned to set up a business school. In the eighth year of Yuan Dynasty (127 1), Xu Heng was appointed as a university student in Jixian County and offered a toast to the sons of the nation, and personally selected Mongolian children to receive education in Xu Heng. Xu Heng requested to recruit his disciples Zi Wang, Liu Jiwei, Han Siyong, Yelu Shang You, Lu Duanshan, Yao Sui, Gao Ning and Bai Dong. These Mongolian children are young, love their children like children, treat them as adults, and treat them strictly. Besides being familiar with poetry books, I also practice various manners. These students respect teachers, love their posts and work hard, and all know the three cardinal principles and the five permanents. In the ten years of Yuan Dynasty, because the powerful ministers destroyed the traditional system in China, students were short of food. Xu Heng asked to resign and return to his hometown in Huaiqing. Wang Pan, a bachelor of Hanlin, said to Sai-jo, "It is the overall situation of the country to teach people well so that students can go into politics after studying. Don't let him resign. " However, because Dou Mo pleaded for Heng, Heng was sent back to his hometown to praise Wang Xun for hosting imperial academy business. Liu and others invited Yale, Su Yu and Bai Dong as teaching assistants to keep the teaching rules formulated by Xu Heng. The emperor agreed.

After the country obtained the Central Plains, it adopted the Ming calendar of the Jin Dynasty, but the calendar was not accurate. In the 13th year of Zhiyuan, sai-jo ordered Wang Xun to make a new calendar. Xun thought that the general calendar only knew the calendar but didn't know it, so he invited Xu Heng back to Beijing to host the Taishi Museum with the university students Ji Xian and imperial academy for a drink offering. Xu Heng developed a new camera in cooperation with Taishiling Guo Shoujing and others. After careful observation and consulting the old calendar, the mistakes were eliminated. In the seventeenth year of Zhiyuan (1280), a new calendar was made and named "Chronological Calendar".

In June of the 17th year of Zhiyuan, Xu Heng returned to Huaiqing for rest due to illness. In the eighteenth year of Zhiyuan (128 1), he was critically ill and died soon at the age of 73. Huaiqing mourned for it, regardless of rank, age or age. Scholars all over the world have heard that people have come from thousands of miles away to pay homage.

Xu Heng is good at teaching and gentle in speech, so no matter how high or low, he is willing to worship him as a teacher. He teaches students in accordance with their aptitude, and everyone who has received his education will never forget it. In the first year of Dade (1297), it was presented as "Zheng Wen" to Dr. Rong Lu and Si Tuleideng. Sophomore (1309), together with "heroes who are learning to support the constitution and assist traffic", teacher tai and Kaifu Yitong, was named Wei Gong. In the second year of Qing Dynasty (13 13), Zhao and Confucius offered sacrifices in the temple. At the beginning of Yanchu, an academy was established in Jingzhao to offer sacrifices to Xu Heng, and Tian got the sacrifice funds. The name of the academy is "Luzhai Academy", which is the name of Xu Heng's study when he lived in Wei.

Dou Mo, formerly known as Jie, is a native of Feixiang, Guangping. Young people love reading and are determined to win. Mongolian army cut gold and was captured silently. At the same time, 30 people were arrested, all of them were killed, and only Dou Mo escaped home. His home was destroyed by the war, and his mother is still alive. When he was frightened, his mother and son were sick, and his mother died. He buried her with illness. When he came back, he fled across the Yellow River and made a living by his mother's uncle Wu. Wang Dongweng betrothed his daughter to him to study medicine. After that, he went to Cai Zhou, where he met the famous doctor Li Hao and taught him acupuncture techniques in Tongren. Jin Aizong moved the capital to Cai Zhou, fearing that soldiers would come here and attack De 'an. Xie Xianzi, the magistrate of Xiaogan County, gave him Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao's Theory Book. After reading it, Dou acquiesced that his past reading was not learning, and the real learning began with this book. Yang Weizhong was ordered to recruit talents, so he returned to the north to live in seclusion in Daming, giving lectures and discussing with Yao Shu and Xu Heng day and night, even forgetting to eat and sleep. Later, he returned to Feixiang and taught his students with Confucianism, making him famous all over the world.

When sai-jo was in the palace before he ascended the throne, he was invited. Dou Mo could not live in seclusion. The messenger asked his friend to meet him first, pretending to be a civilian, and then he was forced to do so. After arriving at the palace, sai-jo asked him how to govern the world, not to talk about the three cardinal guides and the five permanent members first. He also said: "Emperor Wang Zhidao, if you are sincere and upright, then the court will dare to be unfair." Sai-jo asked questions three times a day, and his answers were all liked by the emperor. From then on, double the preferential treatment and don't let him go. Sai-jo asked who is the wise man who manages the country today, silently recommended Yao Shu, and immediately asked the Central Committee to appoint him. Soon, the prince of the State of Jin was ordered to learn from Dou Mo, gave him a jade belt hook, and said to him, "This belongs to the inner government of the State of Jin, and you are an old man, just suitable for wearing, so that my prince can see it as if he had seen me." After a long time, Mo asked Nan to return it. The court ordered Daming and Shunde's residence, and the government often sent clothes.

When sai-jo ascended the throne, he called Mo to the Imperial Capital and asked him, "Do I want someone like the Tang Dynasty?" Silently replied: "It is Xu Heng who dares to offend the emperor and remonstrate with him, but is resolute and unyielding. Theory of foresight, a person with prime minister ability should count the history. "At this time, Tianze was appointed as the special envoy of Fu Xuan in Hannan, and immediately recalled him as the right prime minister, and Ren Mo gave lectures for Hanlin. At that time, at the beginning of the establishment of Zhongshu Province, Wang Wentong, a political figure in Pingzhang, was highly valued and silently wrote:

I have served your majesty for more than ten years, and I have received many inquiries from him and listened to his teachings. It can be seen that your majesty is eager to seek medical treatment, all for the benefit of the people's livelihood and the protection of the country. When the first emperor was in power, treacherous officials were in charge of all the wealth in the world, paying tribute to imported goods and showing off luxury in order to please the emperor. Those who secretly form cronies and alienate their flesh and blood are all such people. If these people are in power, your majesty will not be able to realize his original intention of protecting the country and benefiting the people. Your majesty has been hoping to save the world for many years.

Today, your majesty is willing to accept the will of the people and inherit the throne. People all over the world are rejoicing and eager for prosperity. However, to govern the world well, we must use gentlemen. Those who talk about quick success and instant benefit will never be able to lay a solid foundation for the country and make long-term plans for future generations. If you don't let diligent people realize their wishes, please those diligent people in order to win their favor. Such people are trying to figure out the emperor's mind regardless of their advance and retreat, and are trying to impress the people with their interests. Their purpose is nothing more than to exclude sages and monopolize political power. Su Qin and Zhang Yi in the Warring States Period. I hope your majesty can find out. I still hope that your majesty will choose a fair and well-informed person and entrust him with a heavy responsibility. This is the greatest luck of the people all over the world.

One day, Dou Mo, Wang E and Yao Shu reprimanded Wang Wentong in front of the emperor and said, "This man is not academically correct, and he will harm the world for a long time." Sai-jo asked, "Who can be the phase?" Dou Mo said: "In my opinion, only Xu Heng." Sai-jo is unhappy. Wang Wentong was very jealous of Dou Mo and made him a prince teacher. He declined politely and said, "I dare not be a teacher before the throne of the Prince is established." Therefore, he was appointed as an assistant lecturer of Hanlin Bachelor. See Xu Hengchuan for details. Silently claimed to be sick and asked to go home. Soon after, Wang Wentong was executed. Sai-jo recalled Dou Mo's words and said to the ministers around him, "In the past, only Dou Hanqing said that Wang Wentong was not available. If there are one or two things that say this, will I not consider it? " Recall Doumo, build a boutique house in the capital, and order the government to provide a monthly salary. Of course, the National Government will ask for his advice.

Mo and Wang Pan invited the construction of two Hanlin academies: one specialized in Mongolian characters and was in charge of state affairs with the charm of Hanlin bachelor; Secondly, Hanlin and the National History Institute still compile national history, take charge of imperial edicts and serve as advisers to the emperor, presided over by Hanlin bachelor He Lihuo Sun, and he is also in charge of Juzhu. Sai-jo agreed to do so. Mo also said: "The customs of the three generations are clean and honest, and the reason why the country is prosperous is to set up schools to educate people." Today, schools should be established and teachers should be hired, and aristocratic children should be widely selected for education as the basis for establishing good customs. "sai-jo adopted. Before serving the emperor with Liu, Yao Shu, Shang Ting, Mo said silently, "If you are wrong, I should say it, agree or disagree, which has been advocated since ancient times. This is not the case today. You say yes, I think so, you say no, I say no. This is not a good political style. " The next day, he served Sai-jo in Yi Temple. A hunter lost a stork, and sai-jo was very angry. A courtier also said that this man should be punished. Sai-jo hated the courtiers' pandering and ordered him to be beaten with a stick, but the hunter didn't ask for it. After retiring from the DPRK, Bing Zhong and others congratulated Dou Mo: "Unless the people really treat the emperor, how can the emperor be so sober?" "

In the twelfth year of Zhiyuan, the year of silence was eighty, and all the officials came to celebrate their birthdays. Sai-jo said with great emotion, "It would be great if such a talented person could ask God to make him a few years younger and let them stay with me to rule the world together. It's a pity that he is old now! " Because Mo was too old to take office, Sai-jo sent eunuchs to send treasures and various utensils to express his condolences. In the seventeenth year of Zhiyuan (1280), he graduated from Zhao Jia Cultural Museum at the age of eighty-five. The sai-jo was deeply saddened and gave him funeral expenses. The Crown Prince also gave him two thousand yuan for funeral expenses and ordered someone to escort him back to the fat country.

Mo is optimistic. He never comments on others at ordinary times and gets along well with others. When talking about state affairs, the two men argued face to face, and people said that Ji An could not surpass him in the Western Han Dynasty. Sai-jo once said to the courtiers, "I have been thirsty for sages for 30 years, and I only got Dou Hanqing and Li Junmin." He added: "If you combine Dou Hanqing's heart with Yao Gongmao's talent, you can really be said to be a complete person." Later, he made a ceremony to a surname, conferred the title of Wang Wei, and gave him the title of "Zheng Wen".

1, Introduction

The History of the Yuan Dynasty is a biographical chronology that systematically records the rise and fall of the Yuan Dynasty. It was written by Song Lian (1310 ~1381) and Wang Qi (132 1 ~ 650) in the early Ming Dynasty. Book 2 10, including 47 biographies, 58 chronicles, 8 tables and 97 biographies, describes the history from the rise of Mongols to the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, and then the Yuan Dynasty fled to the northern Mongolian plateau.

2, the author

Song Lian (1310165438+1October 4th-13865438+June 20th), whose real name is Shou, whose real name is Jinglian, whose real name is Qianxi, whose real name is Longmenzi. Originally from Jinhua, he moved to the west (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) and later moved to Pujiang, Jinhua (now Pujiang, Zhejiang). A famous politician, writer, historian and thinker in the early Ming Dynasty. Together with Gao Qi and Liu Ji, they are called "three great poets in early Ming Dynasty", and together with Zhang Yi, Liu Ji and Ye Chen, they are called "four gentlemen in eastern Zhejiang". Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, praised him as "the head of the founding civil servants", and scholars called him Taishigong and Song Longmen.

Wang Qi (1322- 1374) was an official and scholar in the Ming dynasty. Zi Zichong was born in Yiwu, Wuzhou Road (now Yiwu, Zhejiang). Minhui, a teenager, lived in seclusion in Qingyan Mountain at the end of Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang called for the promotion of Confucianism in the south of the Yangtze River, with Kang Fu and Fu Tongzhi in the south, Hong Heshi and Song Lian as presidents, and Zhongshu as an academician ambassador; In the fifth year of Hongwu, he sent a letter to Yunnan, telling the King of Liang that Zara Valmy was "in urgent need of returning his territory to his post" and was killed.

3. Character introduction

Forty-five Biography of Yuan Dynasty introduces Yao Shu and Xu Heng's fighting with ink.

Yao Shu (120 1 year-1278), whose name is Gongmao, is called Xuezhai and Jingzhai. Originally from Liucheng, Yingzhou (now Chaoyang, Liaoning), he moved to Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan). Politicians and Neo-Confucians in the Late Jin and Early Yuan Dynasties.

Study hard when you are young. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, the Mongols invaded Xuzhou City, and Yao Shu went to Yanjing to take refuge in Yang Weizhong, and was introduced to make a pilgrimage to the north. When the Prince sent troops to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, Yao Shu followed Yang Weizhong to seek advice from talents such as Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, medicine and divination. The Mongolian army was trapped in De 'an. He visited Confucianism and Zhao Fu from prisoners and urged him to give lectures and apprentices in the north, so that Neo-Confucianism gradually spread in the north. After learning all the books written by Cheng Zhuchuan from Zhao Fu, Yao Shu began to study Neo-Confucianism. Later, he became a doctor in Yanjing, then abandoned his official position and lived in Sumen, Huizhou. Lost in the sea for two years (1250), Kublai Khan called Yao Shu to visit Mobei to govern the country. He stated the traditional Confucian learning of emperors and the way of governing the country, which was highly valued. Kublai Khan was ordered to take charge of military affairs in the desert south of the Han Dynasty. Yao Shu suggested that he should station troops in the border area with the Southern Song Dynasty, accumulate grain and guard the border, and Xu Tu destroyed the Song Dynasty, which was adopted. Then Kublai Khan attacked Dali and Ezhou. He remonstrated many times and massacred them. After Kublai Khan acceded to the throne, Yao Shu consulted the old minister of the vassal government, participated in the generation system, and reached the official position of Hanlin Bachelor. In the 15th year of Zhiyuan (1278), Yao Shu died at the age of 78. Tired of giving Yao Shujia royal old scholars, a surname, and the third division of Kaifu Yitong to posthumous title Lu Gong. Posthumous title's "document".

Xu Heng (65438+May 8, 2009-128 1 March 23, 2009), whose real name was called "Mr. Lu Zhai". Huaiqing Road, Hanoi (now Li fengcun, zhongzhan district, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province). Famous Neo-Confucianists and Educators in the Late Jin and Early Yuan Dynasties. I studied hard since I was a child. Later, in order to avoid the war, I often traveled between Luohe and Luoyang. I got the works of Song Ercheng and Zhu from Yao Shu and gave lectures with Yao Shu and Dou Mo. In the fourth year of Yuan Xianzong (1254), Xu Heng was called by Kublai Khan to serve as the Jing Zhao and gave imperial academy a drink offering. In the sixth year of Zhiyuan (1269), he was ordered to make an official system with Xu Shilong. In the eighth year of Zhiyuan (127 1 year), Ji Xian, a great scholar, was worshipped as a national son. He is also in charge of Taishi Museum and co-produced Taishi Calendar with Guo Shoujing. In the seventeenth year of Zhiyuan (1280), he returned to Huaiqing for rest due to illness. In the 18th year of Zhiyuan (128 1 year), Xu Heng died at the age of 73. He was given Rong Lu as a doctor, Si Tuleideng as a doctor, Zheng Wen as a posthumous title, and then Zuoyun as a teacher in Zheng Xue, Kaifu Yitong and Wei Guogong as well. In the second year of Qing Dynasty (13 13), he sacrificed to the Confucius Temple. He is the author of Reading Easy Private Words and Lu Zhai's suicide note.

Dou Mo (1 196- 1280), formerly known as Jie. Zi Zisheng, also known as Han Qing, was born in Chengxi Village, Feixiang County, Guangping (now Feixiang County, Hebei Province, East of Handan City). At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, he was a famous minister, a famous doctor, a famous Confucian, a famous neo-Confucian and an educator. He used to be a lecturer in imperial academy (that is, the teacher of the emperor), a university student in Zhaowen Museum, and an argumentative doctor, and was named as a surname Wei Guogong and Zheng Wen in posthumous title. Dou Mo is one of the famous experts in the history of acupuncture in China. His acupuncture theories, such as "activating eight points", "reinforcing and reducing lies in pointing", "using needles as usual" and "qi is heavy and tight", have great influence on later acupuncturists and contributed to the development of acupuncture.