How to give lectures on mental health education to primary school students (reprinted by Pan Jiaying's parents)

The implementation of quality education is to make the educated develop harmoniously in physical quality, psychological quality and social and cultural quality, and develop comprehensively in moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and labor aspects. It can also be said that it is the overall optimization education. This kind of education is based on the healthy physical and mental development of the educated and the formation of a sound personality. But for a long time, many people pay more attention to health, but less attention to mental health. In fact, only those who are physically (physically) mentally (psychologically) healthy are truly healthy. Mental health education must become an indispensable part of school education, focusing on self-awareness, self-protection, self-regulation and self-care education. The definition of human health by the World Health Organization is that people are not only free from physical disabilities and diseases, but also have a complete psychological, physiological state and social adaptability. It can be seen that people's health not only refers to physical health, but also includes mental health. This view is being recognized and accepted by more and more people. Modern psychologists believe that education must put the protection of students' lives and the promotion of students' health in the first place and establish a correct view of health. At the same time, we should pay attention to the mental health of primary school students. First, grasp the five principles of mental health education: (1) Objectivity principle: According to the essential characteristics of educational psychological phenomena, study the essence, laws, mechanisms and facts of educational psychological phenomena. Adhering to this principle means adhering to the attitude of seeking truth from facts, starting from the objective facts of people's external activities, truthfully reflecting the true face of mental health phenomena and using the standards tested by practice. Because the object of mental health education is people in the objective society, we must follow the principle of objectivity when carrying out educational activities. In order to better implement the principle of objectivity, the following points should be achieved in the research: first, the research design should proceed from objective reality and adhere to the attitude of seeking truth from facts; Second, when collecting data, we should truthfully record the external stimuli, physical reactions, behaviors and oral reports of the subjects, and we should not use speculation and speculation instead of objective facts; Third, we should make a comprehensive analysis of all the information obtained, including contradictory facts, and then make a final conclusion. (2) Dynamic principle: As the age, culture and physiology of the educated object are constantly changing, their knowledge level, endurance, inner experience and behavior are all "unstable factors" of change. Therefore, in education, we should adhere to the dynamic principle instead of the so-called "final decision". (3) Systematic principle: It is to examine psychological phenomena with the basic principles of system theory, and to examine people's psychology as a whole and dynamic system. The principle of system theory is mainly embodied in wholeness, hierarchy, dynamics, environmental adaptability and self-organized communication, which are important characteristics of human beings. Any individual, regardless of his inner thoughts and actual performance, is a part of the system and a "meeting point" and "gathering place" of various factors. Therefore, we should analyze it from the aspects of psychological state, process, characteristics, will and morality. Conduct systematic mental health education. (4) Principle of concreteness: Although the overall level of students is basically the same, we should make a concrete analysis of specific people and specific things at a specific stage and time. Only in this way can we prescribe the right medicine and effectively solve related problems. Therefore, mental health education should follow the principle of concreteness. (V) Principle of integrating theory with practice: The so-called principle of integrating theory with practice means that the research of educational psychology should be based on the basic theory of educational psychology from the topic selection to the specific research process, and finally solve the problems in education and teaching from the actual needs of education. When choosing the research topics, methods and approaches of educational psychology, we should consider the significance of education, so that the research results can help improve the quality of education and teaching. In the design and practical process of the research scheme, we should not only consider the good educational influence on students, but also pay attention to not harming their physical and mental health. Second, there are many problems in the mental health of primary school students, including subjective problems, objective problems and behavioral habits, which are manifested in the following aspects: 1, depression. Pupils usually show sadness, loneliness and negative decadence emotionally. They think that they are not as good as other students, lack confidence in their studies, and have a negative attitude towards life prospects since childhood. These students are not naughty, do not affect the order in and out of class, and are often ignored by teachers and parents. However, with the development of psychological barriers and negative emotions, their inner tension is becoming more and more serious, and they may develop into depressive psychosis, and some may even have behaviors such as self-harm and suicide. 2. Inferior products. Some pupils are addicted to playing video games and watching videos, being late, leaving early and even skipping classes. Loose discipline, poor sense of responsibility of students. Some people play poker, gamble and steal. Often hiding, lying to deceive teachers and parents, not uniting classmates, acting alone, being unsociable, easy to get angry, aggressive, ill-fated, tired of teachers' teaching, resistant to classmates' help, unreasonably refuting parents' education, easy to get angry and resistant. For example, there is a girl in my class who is usually a clever, honest and filial child in the eyes of the teacher, but she actually stole from her classmates three times in a row. As a result, she was caught by her classmates for the last time and asked why, because she looked at other people's things beautifully and wanted to take them for herself, and there was a bad practice of petty theft as early as the first grade. This shows that this is also a habit problem. 3. Tired of learning. Some primary school students, because of their poor foundation in a certain subject, sometimes fail to make up lessons in time, fail to understand what they have learned in time, and then lose interest. They can't listen carefully in class, are distracted, can't finish their homework in time, or copy others, or simply don't do it, and don't care about the teacher's criticism. These students are passive, self-pitying, introverted, lose confidence in learning, lose interest in class collective activities, have a sense of boredom, are unwilling to accept the teacher's education, and are willful at ordinary times, and even contradict the class teacher. This weariness of learning is sometimes influenced by others, and sometimes it is influencing others. 4. Rebellious anger. Due to the negative effects of family discord, parents' divorce and physical defects, a small number of students have psychological abnormalities and everything is against others. Some of them have no obvious performance for the time being, but because they are usually introverted and not concerned by others, their anger will be released and vented in some way, such as ignoring school discipline, having conflicts with teachers and parents, running away from home openly, breaking the law and even committing crimes. 5. frustration. In daily life, this word refers to things that are not smooth, fail, fail, and fail to achieve the expected purpose. On the other hand, it is the emotional state of primary school students when their needs are not met and they have inner conflicts. This is an objective problem for primary school students. Reasons for frustration: objective reasons. Due to the limitation of objective conditions, the restriction of natural laws and the influence of social factors, students can't achieve their predetermined goals and fall into a depressed situation. For example, a student who is eager to finish his studies and has a heavy family burden cannot graduate as scheduled because of poor grades; A student with excellent academic performance, who has just entered the society, can't find an ideal career, can't get people's trust and reuse, and will feel frustrated. The occurrence of natural disasters, relatives where you will go, etc. , are the objective reasons for setbacks. Subjective reasons: poor personal physical and psychological conditions, lack of knowledge and ability, hinder the smooth realization of the goal, but also setbacks. For example: too short to be a basketball player, students with physical disabilities can't participate in sports activities, their intelligence level is not high, they can't be admitted to key middle schools, they are born with disabilities, and they can't realize their ideals as they wish. These subjective and personal reasons make their wishes impossible, and it is also easy to cause frustration among primary school students. In the face of setbacks, students often have the following coping styles: they get angry when their self-esteem is hurt, vent their anger directly or find scapegoats; Disproportionate childish behavior; Stick to your own views and mistakes; Pass the buck, suppress emotions, feel depressed and depressed; Hurt yourself or others by excessive means. Negative psychological manifestation of frustration: (1) attack. The frustrated person points the attack directly at the person or thing that frustrated him. Inner anger and resentment caused by frustration are manifested in glaring, refuting, swearing, sarcasm and hitting others. Sometimes I will find a "punching bag" to vent my anger on irrelevant people or things. (2) stubbornness. Some pupils are depressed because their needs are not met. Instead of analyzing the reasons, summing up the lessons, blindly taking some ineffective actions, going its own way, ignoring the advice of parents, teachers and classmates. (3) retrogression. After being frustrated, some primary school students show childish behaviors that are not in line with their age. If you are criticized by the teacher in your study, you will cry like a kindergarten child, or pretend to be ill and not come to school. (4) reverse. No one will listen, not only going its own way, but also blindly sticking to the attitude of resisting, resisting and rejecting the Rightists according to their own understanding and emotions. (5) compromise. On the surface, it seems to agree or accept, but from the heart of the students, it is unwilling to accept. Entrust too many people, in order to release all kinds of mental pressure, psychological pressure. (6) Depression. After frustration, anger and anxiety are suppressed by willpower, buried in the bottom of my heart, and normal emotional state flows out, which is harmful to my health. Third, it can be seen that the unhealthy psychological problems mentioned above are indeed a major event that cannot be ignored. To this end, I think we should carry out mental health education for primary school students from the following aspects: (1) Establishing a scientific view of children and children's education is the overall understanding of children, that is, the sum of various views of children; Educational concept is an attitude towards children and an educational idea implemented under the guidance of a certain concept of children. Scientific outlook on children and education is the premise for teachers to develop pupils' mental health. Zankov said: "As a teacher, the most essential and important quality is to love children." Teachers' mental health is the need of students' personality and psychological development. In the process of their own development, students always have to bear the pressure and contradictions brought by the environment and growth. These puzzles, incomprehension, contradictions and pressures will inevitably bring certain psychological conflicts and obstacles to students. At this time, teachers should help students solve problems and eliminate doubts at any time and place, and finally achieve the goal of maintaining students' mental health and promoting the formation of students' healthy personality. It can also be seen from this level that teachers' mental health is the need of students' personality and psychological development. At the same time, teachers' attitude towards students is also an important factor affecting students' psychological development. Psychologist Lei Wen once did an experiment. He divided the students into several classes. Students in each class do the same homework, but teachers in each class have different attitudes towards students. Some show a dictatorial attitude, while others show special care for students. Experiments show that the former becomes depressed, students struggle with each other and cannot cooperate, and retaliate against innocent students' resentment against teachers; The latter live in harmony with each other and fully develop social qualities such as fairness, kindness, integrity, mutual assistance and cooperation. (2) Pay more attention to students, strengthen primary school students' mental health education, protect primary school students' mental health and overcome their psychological barriers. The most important thing is that teachers should have a love, educate them with ardent maternal love, full enthusiasm and sincere feelings, influence them with the warmth of maternal love and enlighten their hearts with sincere feelings. Because you have love, you have a high sense of responsibility. You should be diligent in observing and paying attention to students' words and deeds, find those negative emotions and bad behaviors caused by psychology in time, analyze their causes, and take corresponding measures to give timely guidance and education. For example, some underachievers have too much mental load, are psychologically fragile and depressed; Some students lack proper warmth and caress because of family discord, which makes them form a withdrawn character; Sometimes because of poor academic performance, I play truant and give up on myself. This requires our teachers to pay more attention to these students, shape their hearts and develop their wisdom with sincere love. There is an example: a fifth-grade pupil unfortunately lost his mother and his father was paralyzed in bed for many years. She was plunged into extreme grief. She felt that the sky was falling, and since then, she has no support and her feelings are on the verge of collapse. She didn't dare to go to school or even go to the street, and she was in tears at home all day. The head teacher visited her home, comforted her, cared for her, encouraged her, and pinned infinite warmth and maternal love on her. Teachers often organize students to visit her in groups of three or five, taking turns to make up lessons for her and relive the warmth of the class. Under the care of the school, teachers, classmates and society, this classmate regained his courage in life and returned to the school class, showing more outstanding performance. He was the first in all subjects, and later he was admitted to a key junior high school with excellent results. This really saved a child and cultivated a child's maternal love. A philosopher once said: A real teacher is not only a teacher who imparts knowledge, but also a health care doctor for students, a guide for students' life and an artist for the blind. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out mental health education seriously. When some primary school students encounter difficulties in their studies, their family life is frustrated, and their mood is depressed, teachers should help them in time and have a heart-to-heart talk. Teachers should listen to their complaints patiently with a sincere attitude, let them vent their depressed emotions and get rid of the troubles of bad emotions. Actively carry out class problem activities, let their excessive emotions be released in cultural and sports activities, and help some students overcome their inferiority and anxiety. Teachers should strongly encourage their achievements in various activities, even a little progress, and fully mobilize their learning enthusiasm. Pupils give priority to encouragement, while good children boast. Create a positive atmosphere full of confidence, encourage them to see their achievements and strengths, continue to work hard, be more diligent and strive for all-round development. Regular collectivism education can make students have great attraction, let students who live alone feel the warmth of the group and help them correct unhealthy abnormal psychology. Carry out class meetings with the theme of "set big goals and create big undertakings" to eliminate some people's vanity, pride and arrogance. Through a series of activities, we can enhance interpersonal communication, improve their psychological quality and promote their overall physical and mental health. Of course, the physical and mental health of primary school students is a complex systematic project, and psychological barriers vary from person to person. To invest in maternal love and love students is the starting point and foundation of educating students. Love is trust, love is respect, love is spur, love is devotion, love is strength, and love itself is the most beautiful language of human beings. Whether you have a clear commitment or not, it will sneak into students' hearts like spring breeze. If a teacher has no love for his students, he will become a source of waterless. If we treat the specific personality differently, use it flexibly, treat both the symptoms and the root causes, and implement quality education in an all-round way, we will certainly receive good results. (3) Individual counseling for students Individual psychological counseling is mainly to help a few students with psychological problems to alleviate their psychological problems, overcome psychological obstacles, and make their psychology develop in a healthy direction. The contents of psychological counseling for students include personality counseling, study counseling and survival counseling. For example, primary school students feel and accept the emotional experience of love, know the basic communication principles when interacting with peers and teachers, and have a preliminary experience of good communication qualities such as respect, cooperation and help; Have a preliminary sense of truth, goodness and beauty, which can be used to measure the behavior of others and themselves; Cultivate primary school students' initial learning ability and experience success in learning; Cultivate primary school students' good living habits and form an active and healthy lifestyle, with initial self-protection ability and independent consciousness. Several problems that should be paid attention to in individual psychological counseling are: 1. Treat people equally, respect the personality of students with psychological problems, and make yourself a friend of these students, thus building a bridge to communicate with their hearts. 2. Careful use of tests, scientific and accurate diagnosis of psychological problems, increase students' psychological burden 3. Work closely with families to help parents improve the level of psychological counseling, accurately understand and master students' psychological behavior, and form a joint force of school and family psychological counseling. Individual psychological counseling methods for primary school students: 1, psychological heart-to-heart counseling. Understand the current situation of individual students' psychological problems, explain and coach their psychological problems during the conversation, and point out the ways to overcome these problems; 2. Psychological and behavioral training. That is, in view of the outstanding psychological problems of individual students, special activities are designed to train them in psychological behavior in order to improve some psychological qualities; 3. Psychological diagnosis and psychotherapy. For students with serious psychological problems (diseases), it is scientific and effective to find out the psychological reasons through scientific psychological testing and diagnosis, and to use psychological treatment methods, such as on-the-job treatment, systematic desensitization, relaxation training, imitation learning, behavior rehearsal, psychoanalysis and Morita therapy. (D) to carry out class activities with the theme of mental health. Class theme activities are the main types of class activities, while class activities with the theme of mental health are activities around a clear theme, with concentrated content, clear educational objectives and strong pertinence. It is an effective form for teachers to collectively educate students and students to self-educate and remember. Many class activities are permeated with mental health education. How can a person's psychology be considered healthy? What should be the standard of students' psychological health? It can be understood that students are happy in their study and life, and their emotional state is positive and optimistic. Students can control their emotional reactions when they encounter difficulties and setbacks, keep calm and stand the test of difficulties and setbacks. Friendly and harmonious relationship with peers, classmates and friends. (five) to impart knowledge about mental health to students, and to carry out a series of special lectures on mental health knowledge by using public opinion positions such as after class, blackboard newspaper, bulletin board and reading corner; Organize regular and irregular psychological counseling activities for the collective or individual, strive to eliminate the unnatural feeling in students' hearts, create a rich atmosphere of mental health education, and comprehensively promote students' mental health education. (6) Pay attention to the participation of parents and social forces. Besides school education, the development of students' mental health is also restricted by other social factors. Among them, parents, as important figures in the growth and development of students, have a direct impact on the development of students' mental health and the development of school mental health. The significance of these schools is that the activities of "summer camp together" or "juvenile military academy" to cultivate students' psychological quality and promote their psychological health are fully reflected in the current educational situation, filled with high-quality food, and visited once every three or two days. In addition, social factors such as various social phenomena, public opinion, influencing culture and media also directly affect the development of students' mental health and the development of school mental health education. It can be seen that mental health education is not only the task of school education, but also the task and responsibility of the whole society; Only with the support and recognition of the whole society can mental health education be really carried out. In other words, schools should pay attention to mobilizing the strength of the whole society and gain social support and recognition. First of all, they should get the support and recognition of parents. Therefore, we suggest that schools should pay attention to reaching an understanding with parents when carrying out mental health education. Through various activities and publicity, we will break the old ideas and prejudices that parents think that they will develop well as long as they study hard, help parents establish a modern and scientific concept of talents, gain their support and recognition, encourage parents to participate, and create an environment and atmosphere in which all employees participate in and support mental health education, so that mental health education can be carried out solidly. In short, the primary school stage is the initial stage of life growth and development. During this period, the body develops rapidly, while the psychology is almost from scratch. Although children are influenced by their families before entering school, this is very little compared with the takeover of school education. Mental health education in primary school will certainly lay the foundation for children's mental health. A person's personality, emotion, will quality, personality, hobbies and various skills will be initially formed at this stage, and people's potential will be initially established. Only by starting from an early age and strengthening students' mental health education can we lay a solid foundation for children's future. Pan Jiaying, Class 1 (12) (reproduced)