Wenshang Liulin Fortune _ Wenshang Divination

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival records the architecture and people's livelihood in the suburbs of Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and on both sides of the Bianhe River in the city in the late Northern Song Dynasty and Hui Zong era with exquisite brushwork. ? The picture actually depicts autumn scenery, and the word "Qingming" depicts Qingming, and the world is at peace, not Qingming Festival. Because Zhang Zeduan is a court painter, his paintings serve the court. There are two origins of the word "Qingming": First, Zhang Zeduan added the word "Qingming" when presenting his paintings to win the appreciation of the emperor; Second, Zhang Zeduan did not have the word "Qingming" when he presented the painting, so he called it "Riverside Map". Seeing the prosperity in the painting, the emperor liked to whitewash the world in the Song Dynasty, so he added the word "Qingming" to the name of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. ?

The whole picture is divided into three sections. ? In the first paragraph, the spring scenery of Bianjing village: in the sparse forest mist, there are several huts, grass bridges, running water, old trees and boats, and two porters are driving five horses to transport charcoal.

Donkey, come to the city. A willow forest, with faint green branches, makes people feel that although it is chilly in spring, it is already spring back to the earth. In the sedan chair on the road, a woman sat in it. The top of the sedan chair is decorated with willows and flowers, followed by riders and bearers, returning from a walk in the suburbs of Beijing to sweep the grave. The description of the environment and characters points out the specific time and customs of Tomb-Sweeping Day, which opens the curtain for the whole painting. ? In the middle section, the busy Bianhe Wharf:

Bianhe River is the hub of national grain transportation in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is also the main road of commercial traffic. As can be seen from the picture, the population is dense and there are many grain ships. Some people are resting in the teahouse, some are telling fortune, and some are eating in the restaurant. There is also the "Wang's Paper Horse Shop", which is a grave sweeper selling sacrifices. Ships in the river come and go, end to end, either pulled by trackers or paddled by boatmen. Some are full of goods, going upstream, and some are nervously berthing to unload. Across the Bianhe River is a large wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and beautiful shape. Such as flying rainbow, hence the name Hongqiao. There is a big ship waiting to cross the bridge. The boatman is supported by bamboo poles; Hook the bridge with a long pole; Lead the boat with hemp rope; Several people are busy lowering the mast so that the ship can pass. People in the neighboring ship are also pointing, as if shouting something. Both inside and outside the ship are busy crossing the bridge for this ship. People on the bridge are also sweating over the tense ferry scene. This is the well-known Hongqiao pier, which is full of traffic and bustling, and is really the intersection of land and water transportation. ? In the back section, the bustling downtown street: Centered on the tall towers, there are rows of houses on both sides, including teahouses, restaurants, foot shops, meat shops, temples, public halls and so on. These shops specialize in silk, jewelry, spices, incense, paper horses and so on. In addition, there are medical clinics, cart repairs, fortune-telling visits, shaving and plastic surgery.

All walks of life, everything, big shops are also tied with "colorful buildings and happy doors", hanging city flags to attract business, pedestrians in the market, side by side, businessmen doing business, gentry watching the street view, officials riding horses, hawkers, people sitting in sedan chairs, monks carrying baskets, foreign tourists asking for directions, and means of transportation: sedan chairs, camels, ox carts. Vividly displayed in front of people. ? A total of more than five meters long picture scroll, a total of more than 550 people of all colors, including cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock, 50 or 60 horses, more than 20 cars and sedan chairs, and more than 20 ships. Houses, bridges, towers, etc. They also have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of architecture in the Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan is a realistic genre painting depicting a corner of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty, which has high historical value and artistic level.

Artistic feature

From The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, we can see several very distinctive artistic features: First, it is rich in content. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival adopts the method of constantly moving the viewpoint, that is, "scattered perspective" to capture the required scene. From the vast Yuan Ye, the vast rivers, the towering battlements, to the nails and rivets on ships and cars, the small commodities on vendors, and the words on the market are all harmoniously organized into a unified whole. There are officials, farmers, businessmen and businessmen in the paintings. Doctors, fortune tellers, monks, Taoist priests, petty officials, women, children, teachers, cable drivers and other figures, as well as donkeys, horses, cows, camels and other livestock. ? There are fairs, trading, hanging out, drinking, parties, pushing boats, pulling carts, riding cars, riding horses and so on. There are many shops, hotels, teahouses and dim sum shops in the street, as well as towers, river ports, bridges, cargo ships, government buildings and thatched cottages. There are 1695 people, more than 60 kinds of livestock, more than 20 wooden boats, more than 30 pavilions, and more than 20 sedan chairs. Such rich and colorful contents are rare in ancient paintings of past dynasties. People of all colors engage in various activities, not only with different clothes and facial expressions, but also with various activities, full of dramatic plot conflicts, which make viewers look at the industry with endless aftertaste. ? Second,? The structure is rigorous, complicated but not chaotic, long but not redundant, and the paragraphs are clear. What is commendable is that such rich and colorful content, prominent theme, echo from beginning to end, the whole volume is seamless. Every figure, scene and detail in the painting are arranged reasonably, and the relationship between the pictures, such as density, simplicity, movement, gathering and dispersion, is handled properly, so as to be complex but not miscellaneous, but not chaotic. It fully shows the painter's profound insight into social life and superb ability to organize and control pictures. ? Thirdly, in terms of techniques, the combination of big brushwork and meticulous brushwork is good at choosing vivid and poetic things, scenes and plots with essential characteristics to express. Observe life very carefully and portray every character and prop. Everyone has his own identity, way and plot. Buildings, bridges and other buildings are rigorous in structure and detailed in description. Cars, horses and boats cover everything, so we should be small without losing the whole picture and its potential. For example, the objects on the ship, the way of nailing and riveting, and even the method of tying the rope are all explained clearly and magically.

Brief introduction of the author

Zhang Zeduan was born in Wu Dong (now Zhucheng). He studied in Bianjing in his early years, then studied painting, and worked in Hanlin Painting Academy during the reign of Song Huizong Evonne (11-1125). He is good at drawing lines with markers and rulers in Chinese painting, which is used to express themes such as palaces, terraces and houses, especially

Draw boats, shops, bridges, streets and battlements. His paintings are unique and unique. Most of Zhang Zeduan's paintings are scattered, and only The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is well preserved. ? During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing was extremely prosperous, with four rivers passing through the city and four land routes. It used to be the national land and water transportation center, ranking first in the country in commercial development, with a population of more than 654.38+0 million. There are many lively markets, shops and even night markets in Bianjing City. On holidays, the capital is even more lively. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival shows the land and water transportation and busy market in the capital of Northern Song Dynasty. Before the Northern Song Dynasty, China's figure painting was dominated by religion and aristocratic life. Although Zhang Zeduan worked in the Hanlin Painting Academy, his works were all called "courtyard paintings" or "courtyard paintings", but he extended his brush to the lives of people from all walks of life and created social genre paintings describing urban and rural life. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival draws a large number of various figures. Moreover, the movements and expressions of each character in Zhang Zeduan are vivid. This fully shows that Zhang Zeduan's life is very rich and his creative skills are very skillful.