Does Confucius really know martial arts?

Q: A few days ago, the movie Confucius attracted attention because of rumors that Confucius knew martial arts. In this regard, some netizens pointed out that Confucius' martial arts are clearly recorded in the history books ... Confucius advocated the strategy of governing the country and securing the country, and of course it also included the idea of "conquering the world by force." The imperial shooting in the "six arts" advocated by Confucius is military techniques such as horseback riding and archery. Besides, in the years of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucius was incompetent, and all gangsters took care of him. How can he travel around the world? These words sound reasonable, but they are completely different from people's previous understanding of Confucius. Please ask and answer: Because of the special position of Confucius in China's social history and culture, people pay special attention to Confucius, hoping to express Confucius in different ways and show his life image. However, due to the gap of the times and the lack of materials, it is normal to feel vague and controversial on many specific issues. Confucius is the founder of Confucianism, but before Confucianism came into being, there was already "Confucianism". "Shuowen Jiezi" said: "Confucianism is also soft. The name of the warlock. " Zheng Xuan, a Confucian scholar in the Han Dynasty, said, "The words of Confucianism are soft. Can be safe and can convince people. " "Confucianism" should originally refer to a person who takes teaching as his profession. Thus, just as "Wen" is similar to "Wen Wei" but opposite to "inaction", people often associate "Confucianism" with "Wen Wei", and Confucius seems to be a weak person. In fact, "Confucianism" and "Confucianism" are both different and related. "Confucianism" and the source of "Confucianism", there are still people in Confucianism who practice Confucianism, but it is not the same thing. Mr. Feng Youlan said: "In Confucianism, there are not only people who care about teaching and etiquette, but also people who want to rule the world with the past ritual and music system, which has the theoretical basis of the past ritual and music system. These people are the later Confucianists. Confucius is not the founder of Confucianism but the founder of Confucianism. " Confucianism, represented by Confucius, pays attention to society and life, with lofty thoughts and broad vision. They advocate self-cultivation, pay attention to comfort and service, and don't stick to the details of the ceremony. Confucius and Confucianism attach great importance to education and to the cultivation and education of people. In the Zhou Dynasty, aristocratic education could be divided into "primary school" and "university". As Zhu said in the Preface to University Chapters, "When you are eight years old, you are under the princes. As for the children in Shu Ren, they all entered the primary school and taught them to sweep, answer, advance, retreat, salute, enjoy, shoot, resist, write and count; In the past ten or five years, from the son of the Emperor, the philosophers, and even the son of the public, the Qing Dynasty, the doctor, the gentleman of the Yuan Dynasty, and the handsome show of all people, they all entered the university and taught them poverty, righteousness, self-discipline and governance. " The so-called "six arts" such as "etiquette, music, shooting, imperial defense, calligraphy and mathematics" are compulsory courses in primary schools. In the Spring and Autumn Period, "the great event of a country lies in forbearance" (Zuo Zhuan was a public servant for thirteen years), and war was concerned and cared about like sacrifice. Naturally, everyone knew how to shoot and defend. In the past, it was a misunderstanding that some people advocated that Confucius only respected the "six arts"! Since all China people practice the Six Arts, Confucius is no exception. According to records, Confucius was also proficient in etiquette, music, archery, imperial examination, calligraphy and mathematics. But generally speaking, Confucius attaches importance to the six arts or uses them to teach his disciples, which are the six classics he has sorted out and studied, namely, poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, music, Yi, Spring and Autumn Period. In Confucius' view, the Six Classics can enlighten people in society, including the way of "cultivating self-cultivation and keeping calm". If "Six Arts in Primary School" is mainly at the level of knowledge and skills, then "Six Arts in Confucius" contains the Confucian thought and theory of nourishing qi and equality. Confucius hoped to yearn for the harmony and harmony of the world and asked people to be kind and polite. However, Confucius also saw that there was no way in the world at that time, and he was in a bad era. He realized that "trying to close the door is not prosperous and stealing chickens and dogs" is just a beautiful ideal. So in reality, Confucius was sober-minded and never pedantic. He said, "People with lofty ideals are benevolent, but killing themselves is benevolent." (The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong) Therefore, whenever encountering difficulties and obstacles, Confucius always acted righteously and resolutely and bravely. He also understands the relationship between "civil affairs" and "armament". For example, when Qi and Lu joined forces in Jiagu, Confucius urged them to lead troops and make all kinds of preparations, which made Qi's plot fail. Confucius advocated peace and opposed war. The Analects of Confucius said: "The things that Zi Shen did were fasting, war and illness." Confucius was cautious about fasting, war and disease. Although military war was a national event and important to people at that time, he opposed focusing on military war. If someone does this, his disgust is often beyond words. For example, when Wei Linggong asked him for advice, he was very impatient. He said, "You can only smell the beans." Things in the army are not learned. "He and his disciples once said that the ideal society should be" the city walls are not repaired, the ditches and ponds are not crossed, the swords and halberds are cast as agricultural tools, the horses and cattle are released in Harada, the family is free from broad-minded thoughts, and Chitose is free from fighting "("Confucius' words, thinking "). However, the ideal is only an ideal after all. Confucius in reality certainly knows that it is very important to strive to achieve "full food", "sufficient soldiers" and "popular trust" for governing a country. If we really want to abandon one, Confucius thinks that we should "join the army" and keep only one, which should also be "the trust of the people" because "the people stand without trust" (The Analects of Confucius, Yan Yuan). Zhuangzi once called "the way of inner saints and outer kings" an all-encompassing "Daoism" and thought that mastering less than other philosophers was "magic". In fact, the study of Confucius contains great wealth and subtle connotation, which should belong to Taoism. For example, Sun Tzu's Art of War pays special attention to "Tao" as the key to national security and survival, and says: "If Tao can make people agree with it, they can die with it and live with it without fear of danger." It is very important to have the same desires from top to bottom, and to unite the monarch and the minister. Confucius paid attention to making people understand society from a macro perspective, and he did not object to educating people from a micro perspective. Confucius opposed to focusing on war, but after all, war is inevitable and real and objective, so he said, "To teach the people to fight is to abandon it." (The Analects of Confucius Lutz) He pointed out that if people are untrained and don't know the art of war, it is tantamount to abandoning them. Once, Confucius' disciples led troops to fight for Ji's family and won the battle. Ji asked him where his knowledge about the army came from, and he said it was "learned from Confucius". In You Ran's view, Confucius is a "Great Sage", and his learning is all-encompassing, "both civil and military" ("Confucius' Family Language"). According to You Ran, there is no problem for Confucius to be both civil and military. Confucius not only considered governing the country and keeping the country safe, but also focused on "calming the world". He knows how to shoot, defend, shoot and drive. He also knows military and war. But if Confucius is good at martial arts, he lacks direct materials. Of course, the "martial arts" mentioned here refers to the martial arts and martial arts that people are used to talking about today, or the skills of defending the enemy and killing people in the era of cold weapons. What is more certain is that Confucius does not have the kind of "divine power" in modern martial arts novels that hurts people from a distance. Confucius used to run among princes, feeling sad and afraid, and sometimes he was attacked and besieged. But when Confucius traveled around the world, he was always accompanied by his disciples. Among his disciples, there were also brave people like Luz. According to records, Luz was "brave and talented" ("Confucius' Words: A Solution to Seventy-two Disciples") and was not afraid of fighting. Confucius said that since the introduction of Lutz, he "ignored the bad words" (Biography of Historical Records and Zhong Ni), and Lutz maintained his heritage and protected Confucius, which played a good "defense" (on Confucius). According to historical records, Shu, the father of Confucius, was a famous military commander in the vassal States. In the battle of Fuyang, he trusted the city gate and saved many soldiers. From then on, "courage is known to the princes." Confucius is "nine feet long and six inches long, and everyone calls him a' long man' but different" (historical records of Confucius' family), Confucius' strength is the most important in the world (Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and Shen Dalan) and "being brave as a Mencius' book, being diligent in recruiting and surrendering the city and being resourceful" (Huainan). In addition, Confucius is more familiar with the strategy of war, which can be seen from questioning Confucius. Therefore, under the social conditions at that time, it should be no exaggeration to say that Confucius knew "martial arts" or even "a master of martial arts". Of course, realistically speaking, the "martial arts" here need to be limited: it is not the "magical power" in Jin Yong and Gu Long's novels, but the real ability to defend the enemy from killing people from a long distance. According to historical facts, Confucius is fully capable of fighting on the battlefield. However, in Confucius' theoretical system, after all, the merits and demerits of fighting and shooting with the imperial army only occupy a secondary position. Confucius, as a great political thinker, focused on the overall progress of human society under the social environment at that time, and advocated restoring the politics of rites and music, so that the society where rites and music collapsed could return to a harmonious and benign track. He hated the excessive punishment and war wars of the vassal States at that time, and would never go along as an accomplice. Therefore, the book "Lu Chunqiu Shen Dalan" records that "Confucius' strength is the key to the world" and clearly points out that Confucius "refuses to listen". Naturally, this does not mean that Confucius can only be a weak teacher. Confucius is determined to save the world. After in-depth analysis of the development trend of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Confucius pointed out that the rituals of Yin and Shang dynasties were made up of the profits and losses of midsummer rituals, while the rituals of Zhou Dynasty were made up of the profits and losses of midsummer rituals, and social history developed from the profits and losses of midsummer rituals. So from now on, we should break even and become a new gift. Confucius aimed to create a new Zhou Dynasty and give new meaning to the etiquette and music civilization of the Zhou Dynasty. His ambition has long been clearly written in Yi Zhuan, and he wants to "work all day and keep pace with the times". Confucius' thought is positive and enterprising. The Book of Changes was mainly written by Confucius, including two sentences: "Heaven is healthy, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement; The terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with morality, which can be used as a portrayal of Confucius' spirit. Confucius took the law from the operation of heaven and advocated self-improvement and striving for progress; But at the same time, it takes advantage of the richness of the law and needs self-cultivation, generosity and tolerance. In this way, vigor and generosity complement each other, and * * * together constitute a stable and balanced life spirit. Compared with the enterprising tendency of western Christianity, Confucius' enterprising spirit contains more tolerance and fraternity, and is more balanced and stable. Compared with his "martial arts", in today's increasingly globalized world and frequent cultural exchanges between countries, Confucius's life spirit of blending spirit and tolerance should be a far-reaching treasure he left to us and mankind.