What are the characteristics of Qin opera facial makeup?

The decorative patterns in the facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera are very unique. Artists choose the most representative features from the legends, spirits, personalities, feelings, looks and identities of the characters in the play to render, exaggerate and typify them, thus becoming the face of role stereotypes.

As soon as the characters appear, Facebook first gives the audience a clear concept of the characters, which is very conducive to shaping and grasping the characters in the subsequent plot. This art form has long been widely recognized and familiar.

The facial makeup of Shaanxi opera focuses on depicting characters with eyebrows, eyes, lines and colors. On Facebook, eyebrows have a unique shape. It transforms the actor's "natural eyebrow shape" into "decorative eyebrow shape" through exaggerated deformation.

This "decorative eyebrow shape" has varied shapes such as thickness, length, straightness, convergence and divergence, and has great flexibility and rich expressive force in highlighting the character of the role. The common eyebrow types are Taishan eyebrow, Yuanyang eyebrow, Longxu eyebrow, Silkworm eyebrow, Flower eyebrow, Eight-character eyebrow and so on.

Taishan eyebrows are mostly used on the faces of military commanders, showing their fearlessness and bravery, such as Huang Gai, Li Zicheng and Zhang Fei. Yuanyang eyebrow is often used in the role of immoral person, showing its insidious and treacherous, such as Yan Nian in Zhou Ren's Back to the House. Dragons and beards are mostly used in the faces of mythical characters, showing their extraordinary spiritual spells and magical powers; The lying silkworm's eyebrows are thick and powerful, showing its loyalty, such as Guan Yu's face; Flower eyebrows are like Xiang Yu's face. It is said that Chu's eyebrows are divided into five colors, so they are also called flower eyebrows. The figure of eight eyebrows forms a figure of eight, which is mostly used for hooligans and humorous characters.

In addition, there are tiger eyebrows, sword eyebrows, lion eyebrows, broom eyebrows and knife eyebrows. , mostly used to face military commanders.

Shaanxi opera facial makeup has a unique aspect in eye modeling. In daily life, people are used to describing those handsome characters as "fine eyes", those strong-willed characters as "heavy eyes" and those grumpy characters as "glaring".

Therefore, when artists deal with eye shapes, they generalize, refine, exaggerate and deform based on life, changing "natural eye shapes" into "decorative eye shapes" and endowing them with various typical personality characteristics, thus having great artistic charm.

The common eye types of Qin opera are: leopard eyes and thick round eyes, which are used to express the spirit of being mighty and brave, and are generally used for heroes, such as Zhang Fei and Gao; Male and female eyes with different sizes and incorrect positions are generally used for negative characters, such as Liu Biao and Bai Shigang; Mostly used in fairy tales, the eyes on the faces of smart officials and Wenzhong; Long and narrow, upturned corners of the eyes, and extremely beautiful cheng, such as Guan Yu's face; Mostly used for the triangle eyes of gangsters, hooligans or humorous people.

The decorative patterns of the facial mask of Shaanxi Opera are mainly concentrated around Tang Yin, and scattered between the top, the shell and the sun. Such as forehead, face, nose and other places, mainly line drawing, so it is also called line drawing face, which is different from other operas. Its characteristics are smooth line drawing, free turning, rough and fine, vigorous and powerful, and often picturesque with a pen.

Common decorative patterns include bead pattern, triangle flame pattern, spiral pattern, soaring pattern, Tianzhu pattern, walking beauty pattern and so on.

Beads are patterned into dots and placed on the monk's forehead to symbolize the light of Buddha. Tang Yin, pointing at the child, echoes two eyebrows, meaning "Two dragons are playing with pearls".

In Tang Yin, people usually draw a triangular flame pattern, which symbolizes irritability and excitability. When drawing this pattern, middle-aged people use red because of blood, and the elderly use light red.

Winding patterns include large winding patterns and small winding patterns, which are formed by winding lines. They are used to symbolize the strange appearance and stubborn character of characters, and are also called "colorful faces", such as Gao in Goujiatan, Ma Wu in Chop and Jade Tiger Falling.

The spiral pattern gives people a feeling of flowing water and floating, which makes the characters more clear and prominent. This is the main feature that distinguishes the facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera from other operas.

Tian Chong line is drawn from Tang Yin line to his forehead. The decorative lines of column patterns extend to the middle of lips, which are mostly used for heroic and upright figures, such as Jia Sidao and Xu. Zou Mei's muscle pattern is oval, which is often used to replace eyebrows, showing the good thinking characteristics of the characters.

In addition, there are special decorative patterns to symbolize and reveal the character's personality and psychological state, such as the crescent pattern dedicated to Bao Zheng, also known as horseshoe pattern, which symbolizes his integrity and brightness; The gourd pattern enshrined on Meng Liangzhi's face symbolizes that he is good at fire attack; The frog pattern on Wang's forehead symbolizes that he is familiar with water and good at fighting on water.

In addition, there are Tai Chi patterns in the three religions, jewelry patterns in the Monkey King, tiger patterns in the sun, moth patterns in burning Buddha, and flame patterns in Lei Zhenzi. , symbolizing the characteristics of mythical characters, such as high Taoism, miraculous powers, fickle and so on.

The color of the facial makeup of Shaanxi Opera is simple, bright and gorgeous. Each mask is black, and the color is steady and changeable. One or several colors are often used as the main color to describe the basic character of the characters.

Traditionally, there are such coloring formulas as "red loyalty", "white traitor", "obsession", "green stubbornness", "yellow remnant", "blue ghost", "Jin Xian" and "miscellaneous", which are full of colors but not messy, giving each character a distinct personality.

The overall modeling style of the facial mask art of Shaanxi Opera is strong, eye-catching, bright and fresh, which is integrated with the high-pitched and exciting singing, and embodies the authentic loess culture and the traditional and simple aesthetics of the Chinese nation.

Qinqiang mask