The author who has feelings about reading is a generation of poets (). What does this poem tell us?

How to read names in Zhu Qiyan's quatrains in the Southern Song Dynasty (I) (Zhu)

When the half-acre square pond ① opened, the sky was covered with clouds ②. Ask where the canal is so clear, only the source of living water comes. Random thoughts on reading (2) (Zhu) Last night, the river was full of spring water and the ship was light. It used to take a lot of effort to push it, but today it can move in the middle of water.

To annotate ...

1: ① Fangchi: also known as Banmu Pool, located in Nanzhengfu, Youxi City, Fujian Province (later Nanxi Academy). Song, the father of Zhu, made friends with Zheng, so he tasted the poem "Drunk in Zheng Villa": "Open up the territory. The sheep are flying, and they are willing to be satisfied with the spring breeze. " Jane: The mirror. The ancients used copper as a mirror, wrapped it in the mirror and opened it when used. The light in the sky and the shadow of clouds are reflected in the pool water, constantly changing, just like people wandering. ③ Canal: refers to Tang Fang. Then (n m) had to: no way. That: preach "where" and its meaning. As clear as this: very clear. So: so, so. 4 source flowing water: the metaphor of source flowing water is constantly updated and developed, thus accumulating. Only by constantly learning and exploring in life can we keep ourselves advanced and energetic forever, just like the source of water. For: Because. Second: 1. Dragon: Also known as ancient warships, this refers to big ships. 2. Always: past and past. 3. Middle reaches: the center of the river.

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(1) A square pond with the size of half an acre is displayed like a mirror, in which the brilliance of the sky and the shadow of floating clouds ripple together. Why is the water in that square pond so clear? It is because there is an inexhaustible source to continuously transport living water for it. (2) Last night, the spring tide rose by the river, and the ship was as light as a feather. Pushing and pulling has always been in vain, but today I can drift freely in the middle of the river.

Editorial appreciation of this work

one

This is a famous poem that takes scenery as a metaphor. The whole poem takes the square pond as a metaphor, vividly expressing a subtle and unspeakable reading feeling. The pond is not a pool of stagnant water, but often full of living water, so it is as clear as a mirror, reflecting the sky and clouds. This situation is quite similar when the same person gets through the problem, gains new knowledge and gains a lot of benefits in reading, and raises awareness. The aura, clear thinking, fresh and lively spirit and self-satisfaction of this poem are the author's personal reading feelings as a university scholar. Although this feeling expressed in the poem is only for reading, it has profound implications and rich connotations, which can be widely understood. In particular, the phrase "ask how clear the canal is, and there is flowing water from the source" means that the clarity of water is due to the continuous injection of flowing water from the source, which means that if people want to be clear-headed, they must study hard and constantly supplement new knowledge. Therefore, people often use it as a metaphor to constantly learn new knowledge in order to reach a new realm. People also use these two poems to praise a person's achievements in study or art, which has its deep roots. Readers can also get inspiration from this poem. Only when their thoughts are always active, open-minded, broad-minded, receptive to different ideas and fresh knowledge, and inclusive, can they keep thinking and keep new water flowing out. These two poems are condensed into a common idiom "the source of living water", which is used to describe the source and motive force of the development of things. This is an artistic and philosophical poem. When people taste calligraphy, they often have an artistic feeling of flying high. In poetry, this inner feeling is transformed into a tangible image through symbolic means, so that readers can understand the mystery themselves. The so-called "flowing water from the source" refers to the inexhaustible artistic inspiration in the writer's heart. Poetry has profound meaning. The vivid metaphor of the rich inspiration of calligraphy art from the source is the inexhaustible source of calligraphy works, which clarifies the author's unique reading experience, conforms to the characteristics of calligraphy art creation and embodies the essence of general art creation.

Secondly,

This is also a poem with the help of images. It takes boating as an example to let readers know the truth related to learning. The poem says that when the boat was shallow, it was futile for everyone to push the boat hard. When the spring water surges, even the huge ship is as light as a feather and floats freely in the water. Highlighting the importance of spring water in poetry is intended to emphasize the generation of artistic inspiration, which is enough to make artistic creation smooth and comfortable. It can also be understood that artistic creation needs basic skills, and then practice makes perfect, so you can control it freely. This poem is probably written by the author after thinking hard about a certain problem and suddenly having an experience after studying. Judging from the metaphor of "a great ship", it may be the creation of Zhu's big man in the comment list. The moral of this poem is also profound. A rising tide lifts all boats, and you can travel freely. It is a vivid metaphor that once the artistic creation of calligraphy is inspired, the style of writing can become smooth at once. This is not only an essential process of calligraphy art, but also an important essence of general artistic creation. Of course, this poem can also be understood from another angle, that is, Zhu saw the concise and vivid skills of calligraphy works and tasted the artistic truth that practice makes perfect. Some people think that poetry is the product of thinking in images, so it is only suitable for writing scenery and expressing feelings, but not for reasoning. There is some truth in this statement, but it cannot be absolute. Because reason can be expressed by visual means, it is as attractive as scenery and emotion. At the same time, the speculative nature of reason itself is often very fascinating. (Meicheng's "Seven Hairs" just proves this point. Therefore, there are many successful philosophical poems in ancient and modern poetry. Zhu is a student of Liu Zikai, and he is also very close to his father Zhu. Perhaps influenced by his father and teachers, his evaluation of literature in Taoism is relatively fair, and he has also written some good poems full of life flavor. For example, these two songs are, of course, works of reasoning. In the first song, the pond needs to be continuously injected with living water to be clear, and the metaphorical thinking needs to be continuously developed and improved to be active and avoid stagnation and rigidity. The completion of the latter song often has a stage from quantitative change to qualitative change. Once let nature take its course, it will be clear, unrestrained and free. These two poems express the truth they have learned in their study with vivid images, which are both enlightening and poetic, so Chen Yan rated them as "reasoning with things without corruption". The truth contained in the two poems "Reading Comprehension" belongs to the category of aesthetic principles. The reasoning angle of one poem is to appreciate beauty, and the reasoning angle of the other two poems is to create beauty. This aesthetic principle has certain universality. For example, readers abandon the description object of poetry itself, which can be extended completely. For example, if "book" is understood as "book", the contents of books generally do not include medical books, philosophy books, history books, science books and so on. , but only in poetry, music, prose and other literary content to reflect the beauty of literature and art, then you can also think that "The Source of Living Water" expresses "inexhaustible literary thoughts" and "One Night of Spring Tide" expresses "generate's literary thoughts" [1]

Edit the introduction of the author of this paragraph.

Zhu's portrait

Zhu (1 130 ~ 1200), a famous thinker, philosopher and educator in the southern song dynasty, is a representative of the min school and is known as Zhu zi in the world. Dark personality, dark numbers. Originally from Wuyuan, he was born in Youxi and grew up in Jianzhou. He studied under Wu Fu, taught Wuyi, built a house in Yungu, became a disciple in Xiaoting and was buried in Tang Shi. He paid extensive attention to classics and made different contributions to Confucian classics, history, literature, music and even natural science, leaving a vast number of works for future generations. He inherited and carried forward the traditional culture of China, integrated Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and built a profound ideological system, which had a far-reaching impact on China culture and human civilization. His academic achievements are "to the vast, to the subtle, to the eternal", which has won the admiration of scholars and the titles of emperors. Later generations honored him as "Zhu Wengong" and evaluated him as "authentic Neo-Confucianism", and he was the third saint after Confucius and Mencius. He devoted his life to promoting education, and successively founded many famous academies, such as Kaoting, Yuelu, Wuyi and Ziyang, which trained thousands of students and made indelible contributions to the creation of ancient civilization in China. Biography Zhu was born in Youxi (now Youxi County, Sanming City, Fujian Province) in Nanjian Prefecture in the Southern Song Dynasty, and later moved to Chong 'an County, Jianyang with his mother. He settled in Fuzhou in his later years and traveled widely. Poets and philosophers in the Southern Song Dynasty. The master of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty inherited the Neo-Confucianism of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty and completed the system of objective idealism. In the eighteenth year of Shaoxing (1 148), he was a scholar, and he was in the master book of Tongan County, Ren Quan. After his term of office, he asked to resign, devoted himself to psychological research, gave lectures everywhere, and publicized his neo-Confucianism, that is, "justice" and "keeping justice and destroying human desires", and became the founder of Cheng (referring to Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi) Zhu School. In the second year of Xichun (1 175), he met with another school headed by Lu Jiuyuan at Ehu Temple in Xinzhou (now Shangrao) and debated the philosophical differences between the two schools. In the fifth year of Xichun (1 178), Zhu was appointed as the knowledge army of Nankang (now Jiangxi County) on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. From March to August, 2008, Zhu Ren was the official residence of Changping Division, Nanxi Road, Jiangxi Province. During his term of office, he raised money and food to help the victims, so that the people could live in peace. It is planned to reorganize the secret cabinet, and he will not take office until the donor is rewarded. Due to the drought in eastern Zhejiang, the Prime Minister recommended Zhu as Changping in eastern Zhejiang. He didn't go to Shaoxing until the benefactor received the reward. After the official to the secret pavilion, Huan entered the system and served as a commentator. Qingyuan died in six years. In the second year of Jiading (1209), he wrote a letter of goodwill, wrote an obituary, found a Chinese medicine practitioner, and awarded him a bachelor's degree in Mo Bao Pavilion. In the third year of Li Zongbaoqing's reign (1227), he gave it to a surname, chased lord protector, and changed his emblem to lord protector. In 1999, in memory of Zhu, Feng specially built Nanhu Academy on Jiangnan West Road (now the former site of the automobile). In the second year of Qingyuan (1 196), in order to avoid the disaster of Han Tuozhou, a powerful minister, Zhu, his disciples, Cai Shen and Huang Zhong came to Wuyitang near Shuanglin Temple in Fushan, a new town (now Zhushan Village, Ping She Township, lichuan county) to give lectures and wrote a poem "Fushan". During this period, he traveled between Cheng Nan and Nanfeng. Now, at the invitation of Li Yuanji and Deng, he wrote an Inscription of Sergeant Jianchang, which greatly praised Jianchang talents. At the invitation of Wu Lun and Wu Chang brothers in Hamawo Village, Shangtang, Nancheng County, he gave lectures in the village, wrote Rongmu Xuan for Wu's guild hall, Book House for reading pavilion and Shecang Ji for the Shecang founded by Wu brothers. In the village, he also wrote a famous poem "Ask the canal so clear that there is flowing water at the source" ("Reading"). After Zhu left the village, the villagers changed Toawo village to Yuantou village. In the Republic of China, a living water town (now Shangtang Town) was built in memory of Zhu. The rock wall of Nanfeng Ceng Gong is engraved with the word "Yan Shu" inscribed by Zhu, and the wall of the small pool under the cave is engraved with the word "Mo Chi" inscribed by Zhu. Zhu has also been to Le 'an, Jinxi and Dongxiang successively. In Liukeng, Le 'an, there is a plaque inscribed for Zhuangyuan Building at the entrance of the village. At the invitation of the Lu brothers, he gave a lecture at Chongzheng College in Jinxi, and presented the book "The Study of Brothers, the Heart of the Immortal". When Dongxiang crossed Runxi (water name), there was a poem "Crossing Runxi". Zhu is a master of science and one of the main representatives of feudal Confucianism in China. His academic thought, in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, has always been the official philosophy of the feudal ruling class, marking a more complete ideology of feudal society. In the second year of Yuan and Qing Dynasties (13 13), the imperial examination was resumed, and Zhu's Notes on Four Books was ordered as the textual research. In the second year of Zhu Yuanzhang's Hongwu reign (1369), Zhu et al. took "Chuan as the Sect" in the imperial examination. Zhu Xue became a powerful spiritual pillar to consolidate the ruling order of feudal society. It strengthened the "three cardinal guides and five permanents" and hindered the later changes in feudal society. Zhu's academic thought also has an important influence in the history of world culture. Zhu's main philosophical works include Notes to Four Books, Four Books or Topics, Illustrations of Taiji, Interpretation of General Books, Interpretation of Mingxi, Original Meaning of Zhouyi and Enlightenment of Yijing. In addition, there is "Zhuyu Subclass", which is a record of questions and answers between him and his disciples. As a master of Neo-Confucianism, Zhu has written a lot, including Notes on Four Books and Sentences, Notes on Songs of the South, Zhuzi's Complete Collection and Quotations from Disciples. The artistic conception of his ci is more rational than perceptual, which is because he pays attention to the philosophical thought of Neo-Confucianism. His representative works include Bodhisattva Man (I), Shuidiao Getou (I), Nanxiangzi and Qin Yi E (II). Among them, Bodhisattva Man (1) is the most distinctive. This word is palindrome, and every two sentences are reversed. Eight sentences and four pairs are very natural and harmonious, not far-fetched, and quite artistic. The ingenious conception shows Huian's ability to master language. Besides words, he is also good at writing poems, among which Spring Day and Reading Thoughts are his most popular poems. His lyrics are Huian Ci. Zhu Zeng was known as the "magic pen": once again, he threw his writing brush into the river, and the choppy river immediately calmed down and spread through the ages. On another occasion, Zhu said angrily, "It's good that your tree is so tall!" because a tall pine tree blocked Enlightenment. "The next day, something strange happened. The pine forest became neat and as tall as before. When people go to see it, they call it "Qiqi Song".

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Zhu Zu was born in Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Jiangxi) and Youxi (formerly Nanjianfu, now Sanming). His international students lived in Yanping (now Jian 'ou City, Fujian Province), Jianyang and Chong 'an (now Nanping to Jianxi City, Wuyishan City) and were buried in Dalin Valley, Huangkeng, Jianyang. His father, Zhu Song, was the county magistrate of Zhenghe County, Fujian Province during the reign of Song Xuanhe. His overseas Chinese lived in Jianyang (now Fujian Province) and later moved to Kaoting. Jinshi origin, has worked as a writer, official department minister, etc. Raozhou, who met him for opposing Qin Gui's compromise, died before he arrived. Nanxi Academy, Zhu's birthplace, was 14 years old. According to his father's instructions, he studied under Liu Zi and others and settled in Wulifu, Chong 'an (now Wuyishan City, Fujian Province) with his mother. 19 years old [in the eighteenth year of Shaoxing (1 148)] took the provincial examination and Gongkao with Jianyang nationality. Chinese scholar list. During the four dynasties of Emperor Gaozong, Emperor Xiaozong, Emperor Guangzong and Emperor Ningzong, he served as the director of Nankang, the prefect of Jiangxi prison affairs, and the editor of secret cabinet. Later, recommended by Zhao Ruyu, he was promoted to waiter and lecturer of Huan. In the third year of Qingyuan (1 197), Han Tuozhou usurped power and refused Zhao Ruyu. Zhu was also dismissed and went home. Qingyuan six years, died of illness. In the second year of Jiading (1209), he wrote a letter of goodwill, wrote an obituary, found a Chinese medicine practitioner, and awarded him a bachelor's degree in Mo Bao Pavilion. In the third year of Li Zongbaoqing's reign (1227), he gave it to a surname, chased lord protector, and changed his emblem to lord protector. Zhu is the main representative of Cheng Zhu School. His poems include Reading, Spring Day, Boating and so on. Zhu was a master of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty. He inherited the Neo-Confucianism of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty and completed the objective idealism system. It is believed that reason is the essence of the world, "reason comes first, and qi comes later", and it is proposed that "justice should be preserved and human desires should be destroyed". Zhu is knowledgeable and has studied Confucian classics, history, literature, music and even natural science. His lyrics are beautiful in language and handsome in style, and there is no disease of heavy color or allusion. It can be seen that the language of many works is well thought out and more particular. However, the artistic conception of his ci is a little more rational than emotional, which is because he pays attention to the philosophical thought of Neo-Confucianism. Zhu studied hard since childhood and determined to become a saint. Dong Li once praised him: "People in the Ming Dynasty are brilliant, pedestrians are awesome, it is difficult to learn from others, people are brilliant, they have been doing things naturally for many years, thinking deeply about entities and learning deeply." He also said that Zhu "is very diligent in learning, happy but afraid of righteousness, which is rare for our party." (Chronology (Volume 1). How difficult the official career is, he is honest and has a bright future as an official. Zhu Yisheng engaged in the study of Neo-Confucianism and strongly advocated governing the country by Neo-Confucianism, but it was not understood by those in power. Zhu is not only a famous thinker in the history of China, but also a famous educator. He devoted his life to education, tirelessly taught and lectured, and made great achievements in educational thought and practice.

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Zhu Tomb Jianyang Huangkeng Zhu went in and out of Buddhism and Taoism in his early years. At the age of 3 1, Dong Li, a disciple of Cheng Yi's three biographies, officially started his career and joined Confucianism, becoming an important figure in Confucianism after Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. In the second year (1 175), Zhu, Lu Jiuyuan met at the Ehu Temple in Qianshan, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province. This was a famous meeting of the Ehu Lake, and the differences between Zhu and Lu were more obvious. On the basis of Bailuyuan Sinology, Zhu Jian established Bailudong Academy, formulated "learning rules", lectured and taught. The main purpose of restoring Yuelu Academy in Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan) is to gain knowledge from poor management, oppose worship and practice, and respect. He inherited Cheng Zhu and developed independently, forming his own system, which was later called Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism. During his tenure as a local official, Zhu advocated resisting gold, loving the people and saving taxes, reducing labor force, limiting land merger and high-interest exploitation, and implemented some reform measures, and also participated in activities to suppress peasant uprisings. During his education, Zhu dabbled in or wrote about Confucian classics, history, literature, Buddhism, Taoism and natural science, and his works were extensive and rich. According to legend, Zhu Song once asked someone to tell a fortune. The fortune teller said, "Richness is also expensive. Giving birth to a child is Confucius. " This is a fact, and I am afraid that future generations will attach importance to it. Zhu has become a great scholar. There is a Nanjian House near Jianyang (later Yanping House, now Nanping City), which is the original spreading center of Taoism in the south. Zhu is keen on Taoism and has close contacts with local Taoists. This environment had a profound impact on Zhu's life. He inherited the theory of Dong Li, a branch of Luoxue at that time, and created the representative work of Neo-Confucianism, Fujian Studies, which, together with Mr. Nan Jiansan, was called "the four sages of Yanping". In his later years, Zhu settled in Jianyang Kaoting to give lectures, and students from all over the world flocked to study, study Neo-Confucianism and write books. Together with Cai, they created the remarkable "Kaoting School" in the academic history, which was called "Southern Fujian Queli" because of the nine words of Zhu, Cai, Yu, and You, and Jianyang was called "the hometown of Neo-Confucianism". Nowadays, every year around Tomb-Sweeping Day, overseas descendants of Zhu from the United States, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan come to pay homage. His Neo-Confucianism founded in the Southern Song Dynasty is still highly respected by the United States, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia and other countries. Zhu was taught by his father since childhood and was brilliant. At the age of four, my father pointed to the sky and said, "This is the sky." Zhu asked, "What's in the sky?" His father was frightened. He is diligent in thinking and learning. At the age of eight, he was able to read the filial piety. He wrote an inscription in the book: "If you don't suffer like this, you won't be an adult." Zhu's father died when he was ten years old. His father's friends Liu Zi, Liu Mianzi and Hu Xian were all Taoist priests. At that time, some Taoists rejected Buddhism and some were obsessed with learning Buddhism. They all belong to the latter. Therefore, Zhu is not only keen on Taoism, but also interested in Buddhism. In the seventeenth year of Shaoxing (1 147), 18-year-old Zhu took part in rural tribute. It is said that he was admitted with the theory of Buddhism and Zen. Examiner Cai Zi also said to people: "In my next life, all three strategies want to handle important matters for the court, and the future is very special." In the eighteenth year of Shaoxing (1 148), Zhu Kao was a scholar for three years, and he was appointed as the director of Tongan County, from which he began his official career. On his way to his post, he met Dong Li, a disciple of Cheng Yi, the famous Taoist "Mr. Nan Jiansan". After thirty years in Shaoxing (1 160), Zhu, at the age of thirty, was determined to learn from him. To show his sincerity, he walked hundreds of miles from Chong 'an to Yanping. Dong Li admired the student very much and named him Hui Yuan. Since then, Zhu began to establish his own set of objective idealism thoughts-Neo-Confucianism. Zhu believes that there is a standard above surrealism and super-society, which is the standard of all people's behavior, and this is "justice". Truth, goodness and beauty can only be achieved by discovering (ignorance of things) and following the laws of nature. What destroys this truth, goodness and beauty is "human desire" So he put forward "to uphold justice and destroy people's desires". This is the core of Zhu's objective idealism. In three years (1 176), Zhu and Lu Jiuyuan, a famous scholar at that time, met and exchanged ideas at Ehu Temple in Shangrao, Jiangxi. However, Lu belongs to subjective idealism. He believes that truth, goodness and beauty are inherent in people's hearts, and advocates "inventing the original heart", that is, asking people to discover their inner truth, goodness and beauty and realize self-improvement. This is different from Zhu's objective idealism. Therefore, the two quarreled as a bee, taunted each other and broke up in discord. This is the famous "Goose Lake Meeting" in China's ideological history. Since then, there have been two major factions: "Neo-Confucianism" and "Mind Learning". In the autumn of the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), the relationship between Song and Jin was tense, and Yan Liang, the gold owner, divided his forces and went south on the north bank of the Yangtze River. Song Gaozong had intended to escape from Hainan, but he gave up because of his right-hand man Chen's dissuasion. Soon, the nomads from the army were defeated, and the news reached Yanping, where Zhu was studying. Zhu was ecstatic about the country's victory and wrote a poem to express his uncontrollable joy. At the same time, I wrote to the minister in charge of military affairs, pointing out that it is unwise to attack with victory and sit back and watch the Central Plains not advance. Shortly after Emperor Gaozong abdicated, filial piety succeeded. Under the pressure of military and civilian demands, Zhang Jun, an anti-Japanese faction, was used to rehabilitate Yue Fei's unjust case and demote party member, Qin Gui. At this time, Zhu showed filial piety and put forward three suggestions: (1) emphasizing the study of understanding things; (2) dismissal and negotiation; (3) appointing talents. In the memorial, he clearly expressed his opposition and proposition. The memorial hall of Bailudong Academy makes Zhu lucky to be called. When Song Jun was defeated and the court sent someone to make peace, he arrived in Lin 'an. Zhu still strongly opposed it, and even said a few words when Xiao Zong met him. Xiaozong felt Zhu's loyalty and ordered him to be the record. This position is not his strong suit, which is a bit ironic. Zhu took the opportunity of meeting with Zhang Jun and put forward the concrete idea of northern expedition to the Central Plains. However, Zhang Jun soon left for other places and died on the road. Zhu made a special trip to (now Nanchang) to cry and lament the frustration in resisting gold. At this time, the lords and factions in the imperial court were rampant, and nomadic people crossed the Huaihe River. Zhu was worried, but there was nothing he could do. In the first year of Longxing (1 163), Zhu returned to Chong 'an, Fujian. Before he left, he wrote in a letter to his friends: "Those who are in trouble (hinder) the restoration of the country will make peace; Those who are prepared for the routine of bad boundaries are said to be making peace; The idea of making peace attracted the loyalty of our people, at the same time rejected the hope of the old countries for the Soviet Union and sharply attacked those who made peace and surrendered. 1 164, the Jin Dynasty suppressed the Song Dynasty. After the Longxing Agreement, Jin Song became a nephew and uncle, and the relationship was temporarily eased. Zhu plunged into Neo-Confucianism. He built a "cold spring building" in his hometown and lived here for more than ten years, compiling a large number of Taoist books and giving lectures, which were full of students. During this period, he failed to respond to the court many times. 1 178, Zhu made a comeback and became "Zhi Nan Kang Jun". Although he has re-entered the official position, he has not forgotten his academic status. In Lushan Mountain, the former site of Li Bo's seclusion in the Tang Dynasty, Bailudong Academy was established to give lectures, and a set of learning rules was formulated. Namely: "father and son are close, monarch and minister are righteous, husband and wife are different, young and old are orderly, and friends are trustworthy." The "learning order" of Wuyi Academy is "erudition, doubt, thinking, knowledge and faith". "The key to self-cultivation" is "keep your word, respect your deeds, punish and complain, and change your mind". The "importance of doing things" is that "the regime does not seek its own benefits, and it is not considered its merits to know its way". Don't do to others what you don't want, don't do to others what you don't want. " This "Bailudong Academy" later became one of the four famous academies in China, and its "learning rules" became a model of all academies, which had a great influence on later generations. 1 18 1 year, Zhu was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown to build a "Wuyi Jing She" to recruit disciples and spread Neo-Confucianism. In order to help people learn Confucian classics, he carefully selected four books (Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius) for printing and distribution. This is a great event in the history of education. "The four books had a far-reaching influence, and later became textbooks for feudal education, making Confucianism the idea of fully controlling China's feudal society. 1 193, Zhu worked in Hunan, but he presided over the restoration of Yuelu Academy, another famous academy, which is one of the four major academies. Like Bailudong Academy, it became a place for Zhu to give lectures, teach apprentices and spread Neo-Confucianism. In the Southern Song Dynasty, academies prevailed and almost replaced official schools, which was directly related to Yuelu Academy advocated by Zhu. Although Zhu has not been an official for a long time, he always tries to ease social contradictions and do something good for the lower class more or less. He retired to the Chong 'an period, when there was famine and peasant uprising in Chong 'an. In view of this, Zhu advocated the establishment of "social warehouse", which was based on official millet. "If the borrower is willing to make a difference, if he is willing to be hungry at the age of ... or unfortunately, he will be half hungry and handsome and tired." The purpose of setting up social warehouses is to prevent landlords and gentry from exploiting farmers with usury during the famine period, which is undoubtedly beneficial to the people. Since then, Zhu has implemented this system in many places. 1 178, Zhu was appointed as the "Zhi Nankang Army" (now in Xing Zi, Jiangxi), and a famine occurred soon after he took office. Zhu asked for tax relief. At the same time, asking the government to build the Changjiang stone dike can solve the problem of disrepair of the stone dike on the one hand, and hire hungry people to solve their food shortage on the other hand. Hungry people call it good. 1 190, Zhu learned about Zhangzhou, Fujian. At that time, land annexation prevailed, and bureaucratic landlords annexed farmers' cultivated land by relying on the situation, but the tax amount did not transfer to landlords everywhere, resulting in "uneven land tax", more serious exploitation of landless farmers and intensified class contradictions. To this end, Zhu proposed "fine solution", that is, verifying land everywhere and paying taxes. This proposal is bound to reduce the burden on farmers and harm the interests of big landlords, so it is strongly opposed by the latter. In the end, the "Ching Festival" failed to be implemented. Zhu was furious and resigned in protest. Zhu Yisheng devoted himself to establishing Neo-Confucianism and making it the ruling thought. However, because Neo-Confucianism is a fledgling school, its influence is not deep. At the same time, Zhu offended powerful people because of his honest and clean official character, which led to a tragic ending in his later years. 1 18 1 In August, due to the famine in eastern Zhejiang, Zhu was recommended by the Prime Minister and was appointed as the long-term tea salt officer in eastern Zhejiang. Passing through Hangzhou, I entered Qizha and stated my disadvantages. After taking office, he visited incognito, investigated graft and misdeeds of corrupt officials, and impeached a group of corrupt officials and large families. He attacked Wang Huai and others impartially. Therefore, the instructor wrote a letter attacking Neo-Confucianism, denouncing it as "pseudo-learning", and Zhu was dismissed and returned to his hometown. Kao Ting College Zhu (1 187) was appointed as the prison-raising affairs on Jiangnan West Road, and was in charge of justice, prison supervision and farming in Ganzhou (Ganxian) and Jiangzhou (Jiujiang). Shortly after leaving, Neo-Confucianism gained momentum, and Zhu's official career was even smoother. A few years later, he was recommended by Zhao Ruyu, then prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, and became a waiter and lecturer in the Zhang Huan Pavilion, that is, the advisor and teacher of the Emperor. Ning Zong, who just ascended the throne, fully affirmed Neo-Confucianism and called Zhu a "Confucian Sect", which reflected the hope that the Southern Song Dynasty, which was leaning towards the south of the Yangtze River, tried to strengthen internal unity with Neo-Confucianism. Zhu Weining, Zong Jin, teaches "University", which he gives once every two days in the morning and evening. However, he took this opportunity to criticize state affairs and eventually made Ning Zong dissatisfied. He was accused of interfering in state affairs and was expelled from the court. In the first year of Qingyuan (1 195), Zhao Ruyu, a supporter of Zhu in the imperial court, was driven away by Han Tuozhou, and Korea flourished. Han's once participated in Zhao Ruyu's attack on himself, so he launched a campaign to attack Neo-Confucianism. In the second year of Qingyuan, Ye Qi wrote a letter, demanding that Taoist books be "destroyed", and Zhu Yili, who participated in the imperial examination, should not be selected. Shen Jizu, the censor of the army, took the opportunity to attack.

Reading comprehension (13) Sue Zhu for ten crimes, please behead him. Cai, Zhu's favorite pupil, was arrested and sent to Daozhou. For a time, Zhu was denounced as "pseudoscience", regarded as "pseudo teacher" and regarded as "pseudo disciple" by students. Ningzong changed the old state and ordered that anyone who was recommended as an official should not take "false scholars" On the ninth day of March in the sixth year of Qingyuan (1200), Zhu finally died in Jianyang's home at the age of 7 1 year. He was still revising the university charter when he died, which shows how he decided to establish his own neo-Confucianism, but he didn't get it before his death. Zhu's main philosophical works include Notes to Four Books and Sentences, Four Books or Titles, Illustration of Taiji, Interpretation of General Books, Interpretation of Mingxi, Original Meaning of Zhouyi and Enlightenment of Yijing. In addition, there is "Zhuyu Subclass", which is a record of questions and answers between him and his disciples.