Classical Chinese department

1. What are the classic works in classical Chinese? Compendium of Materia Medica was compiled by Li Shizhen, a great physician in Ming Dynasty. A total of 16 volumes, including 1892 kinds of drugs, with more than 1 100 pictures of drugs in the book. This medical book was compiled by Li Shizhen in about 27 years. During the compilation process, Li Shizhen and his disciples visited all parts of China to seek medical advice and collect medicinal materials and specimens. This book includes grass, wood, earth, fire, valley, fruit, scales, animals, poultry, insects, media, vegetables, humans and epigraphy. Besides medicine, it also involves many scientific fields such as pharmacology, biology, mineralogy, chemistry, environment and biology, heredity and variation. This book introduces the names, characteristics, growing environment and growing areas of many plants.

Guiguzi is the work of Guiguzi, a strategist in the Warring States Period. Guiguzi, surnamed Wang, was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States Period. Guiguzi is the originator of a military strategist and a famous representative of a military strategist. He is proficient in several talents. Guiguzi is fierce, and his disciples are all extraordinary, including Sun Bin and Pang Juan. Military strategists include Su Qin and Zhang Yi. These people are picky people in their own environment.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a wonderful book in China's pre-Qin period, and it is also the oldest book full of myths and legends. Mainly describes ancient geography, products, myths, witchcraft, religion, as well as ancient history, medicine, folk customs, ethnic groups and so on. Shan Hai Jing recorded some strange events in the form of stories, and there is still great debate about these events. The most representative myths and fables are daily life, goddess mending the sky, jingwei filling the sea, and Yu harnessing the water.

Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a note novel produced in the Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasties in China, which mainly describes anecdotes of characters in Wei and Jin Dynasties. It was written by a group of people organized by Liu Yiqing in the Southern Dynasties. The book is divided into 36 subjects such as morality, language, politics, literature, founder and elegance. And there are more than 1200 books, mainly stories about people's comments and remarks. Shi Shuo Xin Yu focuses on the main figures in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The description of characters in this book is perfect in appearance, knowledge and psychology. The unique character of each character is written through words and manners.

Night Talk Around the Furnace is a popular Confucian reading and a famous literary criticism work in Ming and Qing Dynasties. This book is based on the author's life conversation around the stove. People, events, articles, etc. Evaluate and discuss the literary anecdotes at that time and before. The language of this book is friendly, natural and easy to read, and it occupies an important position in the history of literature because of its unique views. Night Talk Around the Furnace is divided into 22 1 article, with the general theme of "settling down and starting a career", and reveals the profound meaning of "starting a career" from ten aspects: morality, self-cultivation, reading, helping the poor, teaching children, loyalty and filial piety, and frugality.

2. What is the classic anthology of classical Chinese, that is, there are many views on classical Chinese?

Guanzhi of Ancient Prose is an anthology of ancient prose compiled by Wu Chucai and Wu Diaohou in the thirty-third year of Kangxi (1694). Wu Jun, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, founded the library for a long time. This book is a textbook for students. In addition to this book, Wu Chucai also wrote An Outline of Supporting One Lu.

The word "Guanzhi" first appeared in the twenty-ninth year of Zuozhuan's "xianggong": (the son of Wu) saw the dance "Shaoban" and said, "... Guanzhi is over. If I have other fun, I dare not invite myself. " Observation means perfection. The title of the book "The View of Classical Chinese" means that the articles included in this anthology represent the highest level of classical Chinese, so learning classical Chinese ends here. It is a literary reader selected by Kangxi in Qing Dynasty for the use of academic schools.

China Ancient Literature was written by Wu Xingzuo in Qing Dynasty. In the preface, it is said that "it is necessary to raise it and learn it later", which was the enlightenment reading for scholars at that time. In the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi (1695), it was officially printed.

3. What does it mean that the Minister of Classical Chinese is the former General Affairs Department? In the sixth year of Yuanshuo (BC 123), Li Guang became a post-general again, and went out to Dingxiang to crusade against the Huns with the army of General Wei Qing. Most generals were blocked for their achievements, but Li Guangjun failed. In BC 12 1 year, Li Guang, as a doctor, led 4000 cavalry from Peiping (right) and went to Xiongnu with Zhang Qian's troops. Li Guang's troops marched hundreds of miles, and were suddenly surrounded by forty thousand cavalry led by Xiongnu Zuo. The soldiers in Li Guang were very afraid, so Li Guang sent his son Li Ganxian to explore the enemy. Li Gan led dozens of cavalry, rushed into the enemy lines, broke into the Xiongnu encirclement, copied out the enemy's wings and returned. After returning, he reported to Li Guang: "Xiongnu soldiers are easy to deal with." Li Guang's sergeant listened to this before settling down. Li Guang lined up in a circle, facing the enemies around. Xiongnu stormed the Han army, and the arrows rained down. More than half of the Han soldiers were killed and wounded, and the arrows were almost shot out. Li Guang ordered the soldiers to draw their bows and not to fire. He shot several Xiongnu Bi (deputy) generals with a strong crossbow "rhubarb", and the Xiongnu soldiers were greatly frightened and gradually dispersed. At this time, it was getting late, and the officers and men of the Han Dynasty were all pale with fear, but Li Guang felt at ease and devoted himself more to rectifying the army. From then on, all officers and men in the army admired Li Guang's courage. The next day, he fought with the enemy soldiers again. At this time, Zhang Qian's reinforcements arrived at Bowanghou and solved the siege of Xiongnu. Li Guang's army was almost wiped out, and Li Guang's merits and demerits were offset, and he was not rewarded. Bo Wanghou Zhang Qian delayed his trip and was beheaded. Later, he made atonement with money and became a civilian. Li Guang fought in Xiongnu for more than forty years, but he never got the title of Marquis. At that time, he was Hanzhong Lang's cousin, "Cai Cijia" and "Second Best", which was the eighth in the Han Dynasty history. His fame is far lower than that of Li Guang. When he was Emperor Jing, Cai Li worked hard to get 2000 stones. In the fifth year of Yuanshuo, he was a general, and he did not arrive without pomp and was later named Hou Lean. In the second year of Yuanshou, he took the place of GongSunHong as prime minister, ranking third. Many of Li Guang's men were also named Hou, but Li Guang didn't get a title and his official position didn't exceed nine. Li Guang once talked to Wang Shuo, a fortune teller, and said, "If you attack the Huns, you are not one of them. However, if you are below a captain, you are not as good as a middleman. However, if you attack Hu Jun, you will get dozens of people, but you will not be descendants. But without size, you can't seize the city. " Do I think evil is wrong? Change your life? "

How's it going? Look again.

4. China's classic encyclopedia "Everything is done wrong"

Chu people and their families got jade on the mountain of Chu, and they were enshrined as the king of Li. Li Wang made the jade man meet him, and the jade man said, "Stone also." The king regarded harmony as a dead hole, but gouged out his left foot. , Qiu, acceded to the throne, and others have also made suggestions. King Wu made the Jade Man meet him and said, "Shi Ye." The king also died of harmony and cut off his right foot. Qiu and Wen Wang acceded to the throne, and He Nai cried at his feet for three days and nights, followed by blood. Wang Wenzhi made people ask why. He said: "There are many gaps in the world. Is it sad that Zi Xi cried? " He said, "I'm not sad. I am sorry for my husband Baoyu. My surname is Shi and my surname is Zhen, so I am sad. " Wang Nai made the jade people manage the treasures, so he ordered: "The treasure of He Shen."

Liang's son is nine years old and very clever. Junping Kong thought of his father, but when his father was away, he shouted. In order to set fruit, the fruit has bayberry. Confucius pointed out to his son and said, "This is the fruit of your family." The son replied, "I haven't heard that peacock is a master of poultry."

Boya is good at playing drums, but Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya Guqin, looking at the mountains in the distance, Zhong Ziqi said, "Well, I am like Mount Tai!" Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Good, like a river!" Zhong Ziqi will understand what Boya said. When he died as a child, Boya said that there was no bosom friend in the world, but he broke the piano and never played drums all his life.

Qiu Yi knows this country well/is good at playing chess. Do/play autumn/teach/play two people, one person/concentrate, but/play autumn for listening; A person/although/listening to it, with all his heart/thinking that a swan/is coming, wants to help the bow cross/shoot it. Although/use/use learning, if enough. What is right/its wisdom/what is wrong? I said: no/but there are.

When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked them why. A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "Another child thinks that when the sun rises, it is far from the sun, and it is closer to people at noon. One son said, "The sun rises as big as the hood of a car at first, and rises as a bowl at noon.". Isn't this for the small ones far away, but for the big ones near? "A son said," It is cool when it comes out of the barn (cāng) at the beginning of the day, just like exploring soup in the middle of the day. Isn't it near hot and far cold? "Upon hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who (shú) is you (rǔ) and knows a lot (zhē)? "

5. Seek the full text of classical Chinese to explain Zhang Gang's little knowledge of Confucian classics. Although he was a son, he did not show filial piety to him, and Stuart became a counselor. When the emperor appointed eunuchs, he realized the danger. The outline sighed: "I can't spare my life to sweep away the difficulties of the country, even if I live, I don't want to." In the first year of Han 'an, eight envoys were selected and sent, following the custom of cronyism, all of whom were famous for Confucianism. Through years of experience, they showed their status, and they were young and had the smallest official position. On orders from the Ministry, I just buried the wheel alone in Luoyang Pavilion and said, "The wolf is in the road, ask the fox!" Although the emperor knew the outline and spoke straight, he could not bear to use it. At that time, tens of thousands of people, such as Guangling thieves, killed 2,000 stone secretariat and smashed Xu's room for more than ten years, which the court could not beg. Take the outline as the ruler of guangling. Before sending the county magistrate, you need more military forces and horses, and you need the job of cycling alone. After I arrived, I sent more than a dozen officials and soldiers to build a baby base to comfort them, meet their elders and express my country's gratitude. When the baby first started to be frightened, he saw the integrity of the outline and paid tribute. The outline extends to sitting in a seat and asking about your sufferings. It's a metaphor: "Two thousand stones before and after were greedy and violent, so many people were angry. Two thousand stone believes in sin, but those who do it are not righteous. Today, the Lord is benevolent and holy, and he wants to obey the opposition with virtue, so he is too defensive and proud to add punishment. It's time to turn disaster into happiness. If Wen Yi refuses to accept it, the son of heaven will be angered and the soldiers will be United. Wouldn't that be dangerous? If you expect strength, it is not clear; It is unwise to fill good with evil; Going to the opposite effect is disloyalty; It is unfilial to be a bloodless heir; Back is from evil, not straight; Seeing righteousness is not brave; The success or failure of the six schools depends on the interests and the foresight of the public. The baby deeply understands that tomorrow, more than 10,000 people under his command will be tied up with his wife. The outline is to ride a bike into the baby base, disperse the troops and let them do whatever they want; Children who want to be officials are called. Zhou Nan Yanran people celebrate Yuefu. The son of heaven is beautiful and wants to use the outline, while the baby begs it. Just one year in the county, died at the age of 46. The people, old and young, carried each other, and countless people went to the government to mourn. More than 500 people, including Zhang Ying, were in mourning.

(Biography of Zhang Gang in the Later Han Dynasty)

Zhang Gang was familiar with Confucian classics when he was young. Although he was the son of an official family, he honed the moral integrity of the cloth and was recommended as Xiao Lian, but he did not die. Later, he was appointed as a consultant by Stuart. At that time, Shun Di indulged eunuchs, and people of insight were afraid and worried. Zhang Gang lamented: "The filthy and ugly people gathered in the imperial court. If I can't stand up and give my life to clean up the disaster for my country, even if I am alive, I don't want to. " In the first year of Han 'an, the court sent eight envoys to inspect the atmosphere and people's feelings in various places. Most of the envoys were venerable old Confucian scholars and celebrities, and most of them held important positions one after another. Only Zhang Gang is young and has a low official position. Everyone else was ordered to be in place, but Zhang Gang couldn't stop in front of the pavilion in Luoyang and said, "Why should we ask those treacherous bad guys who are in power?" Although the emperor understood that Zhang Gang was outspoken, he was unwilling to reuse him in the end. At that time, Zhang Ying and others led tens of thousands of people to revolt in Guangling. They killed the secretariat and the satrap, and rebelled in Yangzhou and Xuzhou for more than ten years, but the court has been unable to crusade and conquer. Therefore, Zhang Gang was appointed as the magistrate of Guangling. Most of the officers sent before asked the imperial court for a large number of military forces, but Zhang Gang asked to arrive without pomp. Upon his arrival, he led more than a dozen officers and men to the camp in Zhang Ying to appease and express condolences, and asked to meet with the leaders to show the country's favor. Zhang Ying was very surprised at first. Seeing that Zhang Gang was honest, she came out to visit. Zhang Gang asked him to sit on the table and ask about his sufferings. Advise him: "Most of the former governors were greedy and cruel, so you all gathered together angrily." The satrap is indeed guilty, but it is also unfair for you to do so. Now the emperor is kind and wise, and he wants to serve others with virtue, so he sent me here to honor you with honor, not to punish you with criminal law. Now is really a good time to turn disaster into pleasure. If you listen to benevolence and don't obey, wouldn't it be dangerous for the son of heaven to send troops here once he gets angry? It is unwise to measure the strength of both sides correctly; It is unwise to pretend to be good and follow evil; It is disloyal to give up obedience and imitate rebellion; It is unfilial to ruin the lives of children and grandchildren; It is dishonest to go astray and go against the right path; It is not brave to do nothing but understand justice; These six aspects are important factors related to your success or failure. I hope you will consider them carefully. "Zhang Ying was deeply moved and awakened. The next day, she surrendered with his wife, children and ten thousand people, with her hands tied behind her back. Zhang Gang rode his bike into the camp in Zhang Ying, dismissed the people in Zhang Ying and let them go where they wanted to go. Anyone who wants to be a policeman will be summoned. Therefore, people are happy and convinced that Zhou Nan is stable. The emperor gave favorable comments and wanted to promote Zhang Gang. Zhang Ying and others wrote to ask to stay in Zhang Gang, and the emperor agreed. Zhang Gang served as a county magistrate for one year and died at the age of 46. People, old and young, helped each other to pay their respects at Zhang Gang Mansion. More than 500 people, including Zhang Ying, wore mourning clothes, held a funeral for him and built a grave for him with mud.