What festivals do Hakkas have?

1, Spring Festival

Traditionally called "China New Year", it is the biggest traditional folk festival in China. After the lunar calendar1February 25th was called "divination for entering the new year", people were busy preparing new year's goods, new year's goods and seasonal cakes and fruits, brewing "old wine" with Hakka characteristics, and making "fried piles" made of glutinous rice (called "oil fruit" in Downing, Ningzhong and Ningxin towns, and called "cutting piles" when they were used for funerals or fasting). People are all right, no swearing, no unlucky words. As the saying goes, "say good things when you enter the divination."

The first day of the first month. In the early morning (midnight), people present three sacrifices, fruit cakes and incense sticks to Marshal Zhao Gong, and set off firecrackers to welcome the God of Wealth, so it is customary to set off firecrackers at midnight on New Year's Eve. At dawn, people gathered in the ancestral temple to worship their ancestors, and the ceremony was solemn. After the sacrifice, please ask the renowned patriarch to talk about the origin, lineage and ancestral training of his surname. Since 1950s, this custom has been gradually abolished. There are fewer people who "receive the God of Wealth" and the ceremony is relatively simple. Few people share the same sacrifice, but every village and house pays tribute to it separately. Most of them are attended by the elderly, and young people seldom know its ceremony and content.

The second and fourth days are the days of visiting relatives and friends, and the "new uncle" also "comes to the door" in these two days (that is, the newlyweds go back to their parents' home together). Some towns and villages have the custom of "stirring up the new uncle", putting a broken hat on the "new uncle" and putting pot ash on his face, which makes the "new uncle" very embarrassed. This vulgar custom has been abandoned now. The third day, commonly known as "Poor People's Day". On this day, people don't go out as guests, women don't go back to their parents' homes, and they don't dare to eat other people's wine and food. The villagers also have the custom of not sweeping the floor on the first day and the second day, which means not sweeping the wealth. On the third day, every household cleaned up the scraps of paper and garbage, poured some cakes and fruits at the intersection, burned incense paper and read poor songs, which was called sending the poor. Now the old customs have changed. As usual, the third day is a guest, and there are many entertainment and sports activities on this day.

The fifth day of the first month, called "Year", means that one year has passed. As the saying goes, "After the third day and the fourth day, everyone has an idea."

2. Lantern Festival

Traditionally, the Lantern Festival is called "watching lanterns", and its date is generally from the ninth day to the sixteenth day of the first month.

Every village has its own house, and the eleventh and twelfth are the most concentrated.

Appreciating lanterns has a double meaning. One is to watch the lanterns, and the other is to celebrate the tripod ("lamp" and "tripod" are homophonic). Every family that gives birth to boys holds a banquet while enjoying the lanterns, and invites relatives and friends to celebrate. Every village and family has a lantern festival, which is run by the first mate. 65438+ 0 ~ 2 days before the Lantern Festival, send people to "invite lanterns" (that is, go shopping to buy lanterns). Lantern is a round bamboo frame, octagonal up and down, with decal paper on the outer layer, decorated with paper-cutting technology, and gorgeous in shape. After buying lanterns, the three men carried them back with red bamboo poles, beating gongs and drums all the way, and firecrackers exploded.

The climax of the Lantern Festival is the "Lantern Festival" ceremony. The bought lanterns were first placed on the Eight Immortals table in Gong Zu Hall. On the afternoon of Lantern Festival, we will discuss the auspicious time with Tim's parents (usually 4-6 pm) and hang lanterns in Gong Zu Hall. Grab the white flowers before hanging the new lights. Those who grab the white flowers will prosper. Then hang the lanterns at the chosen auspicious time, which is called "carrying lanterns". Firecrackers are set off when the lights are lit, and everyone complains about firecrackers from the ancestral hall to home. If you live in a new house, you must arrange someone to meet you on the road, and you must let firecrackers go home all the way without interruption.

In the evening, the Lantern Festival organizes firecrackers, fireworks (a paper binding process), Kongming lanterns and dragon and lion dances until late at night.

In families with boys, relatives and friends visit and give gifts. Usually it's firecrackers and clothes for children. The custom of watching lanterns was once banned during the Cultural Revolution, but it has been restored since the 1980s, but it is not as elegant as before. Some people break the tradition and invite lanterns to celebrate the birth of girls. Some people celebrate by showing movies and taking pictures.

3. Tomb-Sweeping Day

In the old society, the tomb sweeping time of Xingning people was not in Qingming, but in February or August of the lunar calendar. Because Tomb-Sweeping Day is very busy, people are afraid to miss farming. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, every household just makes a meal with tender mango leaves, chicken manure or mugwort leaves and rice flour with sugar, or hangs paper on the graves of Ling and Zu to express their condolences. Since 1980s, the number of grave-sweepers in Tomb-Sweeping Day has gradually increased. First of all, many government agencies, factories, mines and schools organize people to pay homage to the tombs of martyrs, publicize the deeds of revolutionary martyrs and carry out revolutionary traditional education on this day. Second, people who go out to work or work, Tomb-Sweeping Day came back to visit the grave, saying that he won't forget his ancestors after making money.

4. Duanyang Festival

Traditionally called "Festival" and "May Festival". Xingning has the saying "one festival a year". "Festival" refers to Duanyang Festival, which shows that Duanyang Festival is a big festival after "Chinese New Year". In this big place, every family should prepare three sacrifices to show respect for ancestors and gods, and relatives and friends should also interact. Its activities mainly include eating zongzi, bathing in boiling water with cattail and mugwort leaves, and hanging kudzu vine, which means ward off evil spirits, eliminate disasters and get rid of diseases.

5. beginning of autumn

Also known as "autumn day" autumn, Hakka dialect harmoniously means "JIU", that is, "completion". At this time, summer sowing and summer harvest have ended, and farmers think that farming is "finished" (finished), so they use this leisure time to prepare three kinds of fruits to reward God and invite relatives and friends to reunite.

6. Mid-Autumn Festival

Commonly known as "August and a half". Every household worships the "moonlight" (the moon) with candy, moon cakes, wine and tea. According to Xingning folklore, Zhu Yuanzhang set out at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and put a note in the moon cake to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. Historically, Hakka ancestors in Xingning participated in the anti-Yuan uprising many times. This legend gives Hakka people a special meaning to eat moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival.

7. Double Ninth Festival

Also known as "looking for sheep" and "looking for Yang". Generally, residents near towns and the southern half celebrate the Double Ninth Festival, while residents in the northern half rarely celebrate it. Residents of affiliated cities climb Chongyang Mountain, and more of them are Shenguang Mountain. From the beginning of September to a few days after the Double Ninth Festival, it is difficult to count the climbers. There is also the custom of eating dog meat on the Double Ninth Festival. As the saying goes, "Look for male dogs and chickens in winter".