Answers to Sanming Hakka Culture

1988, the Fujian Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeological Team came to Jiulong Lake in Qingliu County and found an ancient human cultural site and a large number of unowned golden urn in a cave called Fox Cave by local people. Golden urn is a pottery jar for Hakka people to hold their ancestors' bones.

Liu Qing is a county inhabited by Hakkas. Adjacent to Ninghua, Changting and Shicheng in Jiangxi, it is called the cradle of Hakka. In particular, Shibi Town, Ninghua, which is 0/00 km away from/kloc, is the first stop for Hakka ancestors to move south to Fujian, a paradise in their minds, and the ancestral land where Hakka culture began to form.

Since the end of the Han Dynasty, the Central Plains people living in the Yellow River valley migrated to the south to avoid the protracted war in the north. Many people died of illness on the way to Fujian, and the living buried the bodies hastily, forming a special burial custom called "secondary burial". Long-term migration has not changed the custom of Hakka diet adapting to the environment. From smashing tea to sashimi to recognizing old trees as parents, the film reflects the good cultural heritage of Hakka.

Although the people who came to Shibi gradually stabilized their lives, the bones of their fathers were still scattered on the way to escape. So the Hakka ancestors went back to the south to look for the bones of their ancestors, put them in clay pots and buried them in stone walls. They equate these humble clay pots with expensive gold, and call them golden pots, with an unforgettable Hakka feeling. Take what is described in the movie, for example. In fact, the golden urn in Liu Qing Fox Cave is not without owner. It may be that future generations did not come back to get their parents' bones because of inconvenience.

2. "Continuously upgrade to 12 level"

In 1980s, residents of Taining Chengguan discovered an official kiln porcelain while cleaning the foundation of their house. It is speculated that this kind of porcelain specially made for the imperial court can appear here, which is closely related to Li, the minister of war at the time of the apocalypse in Taining.

During his tenure as Shangshu, Li built a large-scale Shangshudi in Taining. Shangshudi is a well-preserved Ming Dynasty residential complex south of the Yangtze River in China, covering an area of more than 5,000 square meters. At that time, Li's salary was only 152, and it took more than 200,000 taels of silver to build such a courtyard. This huge gap has attracted many people's guesses.

According to historians, the money was mainly from the emperor's reward and Wei Zhongxian's selling officials. According to historical records, when Li met Wei Zhongxian, it was the time when Wei Zhongxian was in trouble. With Li's help, Wei Zhongxian escaped the death penalty, and Li became Wei Zhongxian's savior. After the apocalypse emperor ascended the throne, he ignored the affairs of state. After Wei Zhongxian took the opportunity to monopolize power, Li also began his rapid promotion. In just three years, he jumped from seven products to one product and even rose to 12.

After the death of Emperor Apocalypse, Emperor Chongzhen took charge of Wei Zhongxian. Heavy punishment, Li Yin with high political sensitivity "make friends with a servant, and then wait for him" and lighter punishment, Shangshudi was not confiscated. He seems to be a microcosm of that special era, representing the living conditions of that era and even the next part of the bureaucratic system of feudal society in China.

3. The pursuit of caves

Yuhua Cave is one of the famous caves in China, which was developed in the Western Han Dynasty. Xu Xiake, a great traveler in the Ming Dynasty, recorded his visit to Yuhua Cave in detail in Xu Xiake's Travels, among which "this cave is fantastic and unique, and it is all over the secluded Austria" is the most wonderful description of Yuhua Cave. In Jiangle, there are actually two more mysterious caves, namely Jinhua Cave and Yin Hua Cave. The three natural ancient caves, Yuhua, Yin Hua and Jinhua, formed by karst landforms were called "Three Scenes of China" at that time. However, due to the long time, Jinhua Cave and Yin Hua Cave can no longer be found. In order to confirm the records of the ancients, the reporter of "Walking Around China" came across many mysterious stories with geologists who participated in the exploration and search of Jinhua and Yin Hua caves.

1980 During the census of place names, the staff and local people discovered the back cave of Yin Hua Cave and unearthed a Tang Tianbao (742-746) copper coin at the entrance, which proved that Yin Hua Cave has a long history of sightseeing. Jinhua Cave belongs to the karst landform dominated by towers and balconies (or boxes), but its location is still a mystery. How did people find these caves in the distant mountains at that time? In the film, senior engineers from Fujian Institute of Geology borrowed special equipment to relocate Jinhua Cave. The test results show that Jinhua Cave is not an independent cave, and there are holes in the cave, which are staggered up and down and connected by bending.

The three major scenic spots in history finally have the opportunity to be presented to people again.

4. Floating castle

In Yong 'an City, there is a Hakka earth fort named Anzhenbao, which seems to be a huge ship floating on a soft swamp.

The owner of the castle, surnamed Chi, has accumulated some experience in the timber business and built an earthen castle. There are more than 300 rooms in the castle, which can accommodate 1000 people to take refuge in it. There are rice fields around the earthen fort, which makes people suspect that Anzhen Fort was built on a swamp. It can be said that Anzhen Castle was built on a swamp. When you stick it down with a bamboo fork at the highest place near Anzhen Castle, you can see the mud. It turns out that in the 1970s, there were more than two meters of silt around the Tubao. In order to facilitate farming and communication, Chijia cut down a lot of pine branches and thatch to spread on the mud, and there was a rice field.

Chi Rensheng explained that he chose the swamp because of the feng shui problem. Zhang Chengzhong, curator of Yong 'an Museum, thinks that this is related to Chi Jia's small surname and low prestige in Shangyang Village at that time. Up to now, the best location in the basin is still home to the most popular family in the village. Perhaps the fortune teller at that time noticed the difficulties of Chi's family and chose this swamp.

The spring water from the well in Anzhenbao often has a lot of scum, which is related to the construction of the castle. In order to stabilize the foundation, Chijia separated the soft soil with oil pine, and paved eighteen floors in the deepest part, so that the wall foundation could sit firmly on the pine. According to the observation of Yong 'an Institute of Cultural Relics for many years, there are signs of subsidence in the north turret, which may be due to the dual effects of groundwater and the wall pressing the foundation. Yong 'an Cultural Relics Protection Department is studying the treatment plan to protect this floating castle from sinking.

5. the secret in the cave

A few years ago, an ancient cave tomb was found in Taining County, which contained the mummy of an ancient Han nationality. The discovery of this tomb unveiled the mystery of the cave burial custom of 1000 years.

According to experts' analysis, the reason why the owner of this Ming tomb was buried in the cave was probably left by the Central Plains people when they moved south. Archaeologists found pottery and porcelain with typical cultural customs of the Central Plains in this archaeological excavation, and thus considered Taining as a post station for the southward migration of the Central Plains. On the way through Taining, the Hakka people in the Central Plains who were forced to move south became their only choice.

In Dalong village of Taining county, the whole village is descended from Zhang who came to Taining from Henan during Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. The coffins of villagers in Zhangdi are also placed in caves, and more than 65,438+000 coffins are neatly arranged under the caves, which has entrusted the mysterious burial custom of the Zhang family with 600 years of incense. What we see is the strong traditional consciousness of Hakka people living together when they die and being buried together when they die.

In order to better understand the life of Hakkas, the Cave Temple in Taining is a must. In the past, temples were places where Hakkas prayed for peace and rest on their way south. Over time, when primitive people went through hardships and settled in this clear water cave, they had already deposited their life, beliefs and funeral customs after a hundred years in this landscape.

6. Strange sapphire

There is a village called Woodland in Mingxi County, which used to be an ancient crater. /kloc-After the eruption 0/50,000 years ago, the volcano cooled down and formed a circular depression with a diameter of about one kilometer. Villagers' houses were built in this crater.

In 1950s, Fujian geological exploration team discovered this ancient crater. Because there are many gems on the riverbed near the crater, which is similar to the geological situation in South Africa's diamond producing areas, the provincial geological exploration team set up a gem geological team to look for diamonds. No one in the village thought that when I was a child, there would be treasures falling from the sky in the river that sent water to irrigate the land when I was an adult. Blue stones, which are common in rivers, are wealth that can change their fate. Three or five local villagers only need to bring a few shovels and a sieve to start treasure hunting, and choosing gems became the main income of farmers at that time.

Hou Jimei is the first person engaged in sapphire processing in Mingxi County. 1997 One day, he found a sapphire among the gem materials he bought in Woodland Village. After cutting, he found that this sapphire had beautiful patterns under the light, reflecting colorful colors. After the sapphire insert was processed, he checked it online and found that the price of similar gems was about 2 million yuan. Today, Mingxi sapphire has become a well-known gemstone variety in China, which is famous for its pure color, moderate particle size, high purity, few cracks and rare gemstones. The smallest administrative county in Sanming has also changed its development destiny because of its rich sapphire.

7. Mysteries in Shaxian Snacks

In Shaxian County, snacks are common in people's homes. Flat meat, fried tofu and red chicken soup are cooked by every household, but now they are all over the country. Snacks first appeared in the notes of literati novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Snacks, a convenient and exquisite popular food, have a long history.

Shaxian County was founded in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang escorted Zhao Min to the south, and in Shaxian County, he dismissed the accompanying imperial secretary, including the imperial chef. With the migration and increase of the Han population in the Central Plains, especially after the Southern Song Dynasty, Shaxian experienced the first prosperous period. The Han people who moved in brought with them the dietary customs in the Central Plains, which have been passed down and preserved for thousands of years and become living fossils of China's dietary culture. Later, with the development of water transportation between western Fujian and Fuzhou, Shaxian, as a dock for land and water transportation, naturally attracted many merchants from south to north, and the delicious and convenient Shaxian snacks naturally became the favorite food of merchants and flowed with them.

Shaxian snacks are divided into Chengguan School and Xiamao School. Xiamao snacks pay attention to the original flavor, and tasting Xiamao snacks is to recall the folk customs of Xiamao Hakkas. Chengguan is close to Shaxi, a tributary of Minjiang River, so it is exquisite and light, and snacks are influenced by Fuzhou and other places. Shaxian snack is the product of Central Plains food culture. For example, the famous flat meat in snacks, that is, wonton, was made of wheat flour in the Central Plains, but the Han people who fled here could not find wheat, so they replaced it with local taro flour, and now the flour is also mixed with taro flour, making the skin translucent. It can be said that Shaxian snack is a walking dictionary that confirms the history of Hakka's southward migration.