Ancient Yi Fortune Telling _ Is Yi Fortune Telling Accurate?

What are the taboos of Yi people? Yi people have many taboos, which are manifested in all aspects of social production and life, and vary from place to place.

In the taboo tradition of Yi people, there is a custom of doing or not doing something on a specific day, which is called Japanese taboo. Yi people in Weishan area are forbidden to work in the fields on the second day of Torch Festival, so as not to offend Vulcan. Avoid dripping water and blowing water on the first day of the first month to prevent the loss of wealth.

Avoid eating and drinking. Avoid fasting the meat of dogs, horses, bears and other animals, because these animals are homologous to humans from snow; It is a descendant of snow; Fresh vegetables are forbidden to enter the house within three days of the Chinese New Year, otherwise it is the greatest disrespect for ancestors; Women do not eat the meat of livestock that died during childbirth; Avoid eating meat in the open air, or ghosts will attach themselves to the meat; No grinding for seven days in the New Year, and the family will be poor; On weekdays, pushing the mill backwards will bring disaster to the family; Don't grind your heart suddenly when you push. The general view is that ghosts are at work and grinding is not edible. Don't buckle the spoon on the edge of the bowl after eating, because it is a way to send food to the dead; Wait a minute. All kinds of taboos are related to food types, food styles, food production and food themes, which directly affect the diet culture structure of Yi people.

Behavioral taboos, such as forbidding women to cross men's clothes, can not cross men's bodies and heads. Female guests are forbidden to go upstairs. Women can't go up to the roof. It is forbidden to touch the man's "Buddha", and those who violate taboos should slaughter sacrifices and drink alcohol to make amends; Before liberation, low-level taboos were in danger of amputation and execution. If a woman touches the "Buddha", a man will have bad luck all his life. After the event, the "Buddha" must be shaved off, otherwise the ghost will not return to the ancestral realm after death. It is taboo for a woman to give her jewelry and clothes to others. People think that the female reproductive soul "Gefei" likes to attach to these objects. If it is given to others, it will affect fertility and the smooth growth of children. In daily life, it is forbidden to use a wooden spoon in the backhand when scooping soup, stir it clockwise when mixing oatmeal, and avoid sweeping the floor when people leave the city, because these are all funeral customs. Say "old" instead of "dead" Don't be afraid that the shadow will be trampled, and those who are trampled will surely take revenge for it. It is forbidden to shoot a gun to hunt or cut down trees to burn wasteland near Zulingyun where Zuguan is located. It is forbidden to shoot pig grass and graze in the burning field or cemetery. When attending the rain praying ceremony, men are forbidden to wear hats and women are forbidden to wear Baotou. It is forbidden for women who are polluted by * * * to sacrifice their ancestors and get close to their ancestors. It is forbidden to cross the fire pit or trample on the guozhuang stone.

Clothes are sacred to Yi people. Do not touch it when wearing it. The "Tianzun" on the head of Yimen is forbidden to be touched by others, especially the younger generation. If touched, it will offend the gods, and the effect of "amulet" to avoid disaster and seek happiness will soon be gone.

Yi people are forbidden to whistle and make loud noises indoors at home, especially in other people's homes at night.

Why do Yi people forbid guests to take food from Thailand, Myanmar, India, Malaysia, Indonesia and Arabia?

What are the taboos of Mongolians? In the long historical process, Mongolian people have formed many customs and habits, and of course there are national taboos. Here I briefly introduce our Mongolian eight taboos.

1, fire taboo Mongols worship fire, Vulcan and Kitchen God, and think that fire, Vulcan or Kitchen God are sacred objects to ward off evil spirits. Therefore, after entering the yurt, it is forbidden to roast your feet on the stove, let alone wet your boots and shoes by the stove. Don't cross the stove, or push the stove, don't knock on the bag, throw things or throw dirty things on the stove. You can't pick a fire with a knife, you can't insert a knife into the fire, and you can't take meat from the pot with a knife.

2. Water taboo Mongolians believe that water is a pure god. Don't wash your hands and bathe in the river, don't wash women's dirty clothes, and don't throw unclean things into the river. Grassland is dry and short of water, grazing by aquatic plants, and it can't survive without water. Therefore, herders are used to saving water, paying attention to keeping water clean and taking water as the source of life.

3. When the herdsmen are seriously ill or critically ill, they usually hang a rope on the left side of the yurt and bury one end of the rope on the east side, indicating that there are serious patients at home and don't entertain guests.

4. It is forbidden for Mongolian women to have children. Customs are similar everywhere. Mongolian women are not allowed to enter the delivery room when giving birth. Generally, an obvious sign should be hung under the eaves. Boys hang bows and arrows, girls hang red stripes. Guests will not enter the delivery room when they see the sign.

5, avoid stepping on the threshold to the herdsmen's home, and never step on the threshold when entering and leaving the yurt. Mongolian people in agriculture and semi-pastoral areas also have this taboo. In ancient times, if someone stepped on the threshold of the Khan Palace account in Mongolia by mistake, they would be executed. This taboo custom continues to this day.

6, avoid touching the head Mongolian taboo strangers touch the child's head with their hands. The old idea is that the hands of strangers are not clean, and it is not good for the healthy development of children to shape their heads.

7. Go to the herdsmen's house as a guest, and don't hit the dog. Stop at the yurt and walk slowly. Wait for the owner to come out of the bag and watch the dog before dismounting, so as not to let the dog pounce and bite. Never beat or scold a dog. In the eyes of Mongols, dogs are friends of human beings.

8. Being a guest is taboo. Although herders are hospitable, there are many taboos when they are guests. When guests enter the yurt, they should pay attention to the overall dress, and don't tuck their skirts on their belts with sleeves. Don't go in with a whip, but put the whip on the right side of the yurt door and stand upright. After entering the yurt, avoid sitting in front of the niche. Otherwise, the host will treat the guests coldly, thinking that the guests don't understand the customs and don't respect the national customs.

In addition, Mongolian people should avoid riding too fast when riding and driving near yurts, so as not to disturb the herds; If there is a fire in front of the door or a sign such as a red cloth strip is hung, it means that there are patients or parturients in this family, and outsiders are not allowed to enter; Guests can't sit on the west kang, because the west is the direction of Buddha worship; Avoid dead animal meat and donkey meat, dog meat and white horse meat; Avoid red and white for funerals and black and yellow for weddings; Avoid baking feet, shoes, socks and pants on the brazier; Smoking, spitting, touching utensils, classics, Buddha statues, making noise and hunting are prohibited near the temple when visiting the temple.

What is the totem of Yi people? Tiger Totem Worship of Yi People

In the matriarchal clan period of primitive society, people regarded an animal or plant as the object of worship because of their special love for animals and plants. They regard the totem they believe as the symbol of their clan, and even regard it as the ancestor of their nation. The worship of tigers by Yi people in Yunnan, China originated from this ancient totem belief.

The Yi folk epic Meige records that at the beginning of creation, God sent his five sons to make heaven. After the sky is made, use lightning to test the sky. As a result, the sky fell apart. What can be used to make up for it? The gods thought that the tiger was the most powerful thing in the world, so they sent five sons to subdue the tiger, and then used a big bone of the tiger as the support of Tianzhu, so that the sky was stable.

They also regard the tiger's head as the head of the sky, the tiger's tail as the tail of the earth, the tiger's nose as the nose of the sky, the tiger's ear as the ear of the sky, the left eye as the sun, the right eye as the moon, the tiger's beard as the sun, the tiger's teeth as the stars, the tiger's oil as the clouds, the tiger's anger as the fog, Tigerheart as the heart and gallbladder, the tiger's belly as the sea, the tiger's blood as the seawater and the large intestine as the river.

Hei Hu clan is the ancient ancestor of Yi people, and its biggest feature is that it worships Hei Hu, that is, it takes Hei Hu as its totem, which has been maintained to this day. The Yi people call the tiger Luo, and the Yi people in many places also call themselves Luo Luo, which means the tiger family. They think they are a country of tigers. They celebrate Tiger Festival every year, from the eighth day of the first lunar month to the end of the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. During the Tiger Festival, all ethnic groups gather together to dance the tiger sheng and offer sacrifices to their ancestors, praying for good luck and disaster relief. When they hold ancestor worship ceremony, they use a ladle with a tiger's head painted to symbolize their ancestors.

Many Yi people consider themselves tiger people. In some villages, there is also a saying that "people die and tigers die, and tigers die and flowers die". In their surnames, the common Luo means that they are descendants of tigers. Men call themselves Luo Luopu or Luo Po, which means male tiger; Women call themselves Rama, which means tigress. Yi people used to be cremated, and they thought they could return to their ancestors as tigers after cremation.

There are many hills, streams and villages called tigers in places where the Yi people live together, because the places where tigers live and live should be named after tigers.

The tiger is regarded as the king of beasts by China people. It is a symbol of strength and majesty, respected as a primitive totem by Yi ancestors, and a symbol of good luck and happiness. Because tigers are considered as their ancestors, some Yi people worship their ancestral spirit in shrines. Tiger-shaped gods are hung on the gate to ward off evil spirits, tiger totems are hung on the wall, and tiger-shaped Shi Hu gods are placed at the entrance of the village. The Yi people call the tiger god Ronnie, which is the most effective and noble god in their hearts. The Tiger God can eliminate disasters and exorcise evil spirits for them, and can bless them with contentment, auspiciousness and peace. They put themselves, their families and their happiness under the protection of the tiger god.

What is the custom of Yi people? Although there are different opinions about the origin of Torch Festival, its origin is most directly related to the worship of fire. Its purpose is to use fire to repel insects and protect crops. Torch Festival is called "Du Ze" in Liangshan Yi language, which means "offering fire". In the two sacrificial songs "Sacrificing Vulcan" and "Sacrificing Pots and Sacrificing Stones", there are descriptions of the miracle of Vulcan Ayidiegu. The original form of Torch Festival, in short, is the ancient fire worship. Fire is a symbol of the Yi people's pursuit of light. In the Yi area, the worship and sacrifice of fire are very common. On June 24th, the first day of the first month, a housewife chose the fattest piece of meat and threw it into a burning fireplace, praying for Vulcan's blessing. In Yongren County, the Yi people sacrifice fire on the second or third day of the first month, which is called "Vulcan Meeting". Liangshan Yi people regard the fire pit as a sacred place where Vulcan lives, and it is forbidden to touch and cross it. On festivals, young men and women of all ethnic groups light torches made of pine, go to the fields in the village for activities, sprinkle rosin on the torches while walking, or hold rallies, sing and dance, or race horses, bullfights and wrestling. In modern times, people use the opportunity of parties to socialize or meet lovers, and conduct business activities on festivals. China ethnic customs 1 zu

Among the traditional festivals of ethnic minorities in China, the Torch Festival of Yi nationality is one of the most attractive festivals, enjoying the reputation of "the first festival of ethnic customs in China" and "Oriental Carnival Night".

meaning

During the Torch Festival, four activities, such as sacrifice, literature and sports, social communication and product exchange, are the concentrated expression of the tight and complete cultural system of the Yi people. The Yi Torch Festival has a long history, broad mass base, wide coverage and far-reaching influence. Torch Festival fully embodies the national character of Yi people who respect and worship fire, and retains the ancient information about the origin and development of Yi people, which has important historical and scientific value. Torch Festival is one of the most symbolic symbols in traditional Yi culture, and it is also the carrier of traditional Yi music, dance, poetry, diet, clothing, farming, astronomy, worship and other cultural elements. Torch Festival is of great significance for enhancing the national identity of Yi people and promoting social harmony. At the same time, the Torch Festival has played a practical role in the communication between the Yi people and all ethnic groups and in promoting national unity.

What does Yi mean? Interpretation: 1 The ancient vessels for holding wine also generally refer to the sacrificial vessels commonly used in ancient ancestral temples: ~ vessels. ~ ding. ~ respect. 2. Common sense and jurisprudence: ~ training (refers to the daily admonition of the elders to the younger generation). ~ LUN。 ~ often. ~ chapter. 3. The ethnic minorities in China are mainly distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guichuan provinces.

What are the musical instruments of the Yi people? The three strings of Yi traditional musical instruments are deafening.

Yi's big three-stringed instrument is made of Toona sinensis or pine, with a length of 140 cm, a barrel length of 40 cm and a barrel diameter of 35 cm.

The front of the bucket is covered with sheepskin, and the back of the bucket is open. The top of the piano head bends backwards like a book, and the center is decorated with a small round mirror.

The three axes are arranged on the side. In front of the piano is a tasteless fingerboard with three thick silk strings or tendon strings. A rope tied to a rope

There are many small iron pieces or rings hanging, which can make rhythmic sounds with the dance music. When playing, the strap is hung.

At the neck, the piano rod is transverse to the abdomen, and the piano tube is placed in the right hip. Hold the piano bar with your left hand and press the outer strings with your fingers, and hold it with your right hand.

Pick and play the strings to pronounce. The timbre is rich and loud. Sweeping the strings is a common technique to enhance the sense of rhythm.

Sense and cheerful atmosphere.

On the night of the festival, the bright moon hangs high, and a high bonfire is lit in the open space outside the Yi village, young man.

The children danced with the girls while playing the big three strings. The dance steps are vigorous, the rhythm is lively, and the atmosphere is warm and happy.

What is the national calendar of the Yi people? The ancient Yi people invented and used the "October solar calendar", the main content of which is to divide a year into 365 days, divided into 10 months, with 36 days in each month, and the remaining five days are not counted as any month as "Chinese New Year Day". The "October solar calendar" has a history of nearly 4000 years.

Today's Yi people, like other ethnic groups, mostly use the Gregorian calendar and the lunar calendar.

Yi information, Yi information! 1, the origin and appellation of Yi people

Yi people call themselves "Nuo Po" and "Nuo Su Po". It was called "Yi" in the documents of Han and Jin Dynasties, "East Yao Man" in the Tang Dynasty and "Wuman" or "Yi" after the Song Dynasty. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Luo Luo was the clan name, which was later called Luo Luo or Luo Yi. In Yi language, "Luo" means tiger, and "Luo" is an overlapping name. At first, the Yi people called themselves "Lolo" and "Tiger". Among the old Yi people in the Nihe area of Panxian County, some people say "Luoluo", which means Dragon and Tiger. There are other translations of Lolo, such as Lulu and Lolo. Due to the ethnic discrimination policy of the feudal dynasty, some feudal scholars wrote "Luo Luo" as "Luo Yan" or "Naked Luo", which greatly hurt national feelings. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the CPC Central Committee and the central people decided to use Ding Yi's "Yi" as the unified name of Yi people in all branches of the region.

The Yi people in Panxian experienced a long slave society and feudal society. During the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, the Yi people were the most populous and influential ethnic group in western Guizhou. Some scholars believe that the ancestors of the Yi people in Guizhou evolved from the Yi people in Yelang Yi family, while others believe that the Yi people in Guizhou originated from the branch of the ancient frontier ethnic group "Kun". According to the ancient records of Yi language, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the ancestors of Yi people longed for Russia to marry three wives and have six children, which are called "six ancestors" in the world, namely, Shi Muya Ku, Mu Yaqi, Mu Yasai, Mu Yawo, Mu Tangke and Mu Yaqi. Their descendants have multiplied into six lineages: Wu, Zha, Nuo, Heng, Bu and Mo. According to some studies, the Yi people in cities are mainly descendants of Bumo. The ancestors of the Yi people in their early life were few, and they were assimilated by the local people. Up to now, among the Gelao people in Shuicheng County, there are also ethnic groups called "Yi Gelao people", and some of their language customs are similar to the Yi people.

There are more than 40 surnames of the Yi people in Panxian County, including Ji 'anlu (Lu, Lu) in Long Long, Yao Shihu in Ban, Xiewang in Tang, Zhao Du in Mao, Zhipu in Liu Sulan, Wan's, Huangyangliu in Dong, Bideng in Dong, etc.

2. Yi population and its distribution.

In Panxian County, the Yi people are distributed in a small settlement and a large dispersion. Before the merger of 1992, there were nine Yi townships in the Yi inhabited areas, namely Pingdi Yi Township, four Yi townships, Song He Yi Township, Jichangping Yi Township, Jiuying Baimiao Yi Township, Baoji Miao Yi Township, Yuni Yi Township, Pugu Miao Yi Township and Machang Miao Yi Township, with a population of 96,600.

(2) Folk customs

1, marriage customs

The traditional marriage of Yi people is unique and interesting. There are two forms of marriage, one is the arranged marriage of "parents' orders and matchmakers' words", and the other is the marriage formed by young men and women's free love. Marriage generally has the following four processes: introducer (transliteration of "Fu Jiao" in Yi language), proposing relatives (transliteration of wife Jiao), engagement (transliteration of A Quzu), gift giving (transliteration of elbow joint) and marriage (transliteration of Amai wife and wife guest).

Propose marriage Young men and women of Yi people often meet to sing in the wild (transliteration is called "Qugu") or have a private tryst to talk about love. Until we talk about marriage and have no objection to each other's marriage, the man's parents will invite the introducer to the woman's house to explore. After several trials, the introducer felt that there was hope for marriage, so he officially told the man and his parents that the man prepared good wine and oatmeal fried noodles to formally propose to the introducer. My parents arranged it, but I didn't give the bride's parents a gift for the first time. The introducer had to come to the door three times and five times, and it took a lot of effort to agree. There is also a custom of "throwing stones to the ground, it's a deal" in Pingdi Township of Panxian County, that is, throwing stones to the ground means promising marriage.

Engaged. The date is selected by the man's family. The introducer leads the man and his father, uncle and uncle, and brings a liter of oatmeal fried noodles, two bottles of wine and two pieces of cloth (for the woman and her parents) to the woman's family to formally confirm the marriage relationship and eat engagement wine. At that time, the woman's family will kill a rooster and a hen (symbolizing the matching of yin and yang) for a banquet, and invite their elders to accompany them. During the dinner, the host divided the male and female chicken heads, chicken wings, chicken legs and so on. And shared it according to the guests and the host. After dinner, the host carefully divined the chicken bones left by the host and guest, and analyzed and judged the good or bad luck of the marriage. Then, four chicken hexagrams (chicken femur) are paired with men and women, tied with five-color lines, and each person holds one as an engagement certificate.

Pick another day. After repeated consultations between the two families, the man's family will choose an auspicious day to send a bride price. At that time, the introducer will lead the man and his close relatives, uncles and so on. (The number of people must be even), and bring the agreed money and goods and the wedding auspicious day card (wedding date) to the woman's home. The next day, the woman's family slaughtered chickens and sheep for entertainment, and invited her close relatives to accompany her. After three rounds of drinking, the giver took out the dowry and cloth and gave it to the woman's parents to buy the dowry for her daughter.

Get married. This custom lasted for three days and was divided into three procedures: seeing off relatives, receiving relatives, welcoming relatives and returning to the door. On the first night, the bride wears braids (ancient Yi women used one braid to indicate unmarried and two braids to indicate married). First, her sister-in-law or sister combed them three times, and then the bride combed them into two braids herself. The next night, I invited a female escort to sing and dance alcoholic songs. On the third day, the bed was made in the living room, and the bride and her companions got together to say goodbye. After friends and relatives get together, wait for the guests to arrive. At the wedding, the bride will cover her with "my thin" (a headscarf), and her brother or younger brother will carry her to the door and get on the horse. The horse that the bride rode before had to be tried three times by others, and it was lucky that the horse stopped defecating. On the night of the wedding, the man's family should organize a corresponding number of teams to get married according to the dowry of the woman's family (the number of teams is not limited, only odd). At the wedding banquet, the man's family had already set up a "wedding banquet door" with peeled gallnut branches at the intersection outside the village. When the bride arrived, "Bumo" read "rejuvenation" first, then killed an unhatched hen and threw it on the "wedding banquet door", which means "exorcism". There are many ceremonies in the whole wedding room.

2. Funeral customs

Historically, after the death of Yi people, cremation was carried out with a grand funeral, and coffin burial was gradually implemented in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and funeral scenes gradually decreased.

After the death of Yi people, they usually hold fasting activities, which can be divided into fasting (Yi people: "making money") and daga (Yi people "rushing to transport") according to the size of memorial specifications. At an appropriate time, please ask Bimo (Yi transliteration, the teacher of Confucian classics) to choose an auspicious day, set up a fasting ground, decorate a mourning hall, recite scriptures to guide the way, and give a funeral. Fasting activities range from three days to dozens of days. During fasting, lamentations and dances run through the whole process, and the customs are complicated. First of all, please look at the sky with Bimo.

On the day of escorting, first lift the big skirt and ask for a square pole, usually a Shakespeare pine tree more than ten meters high. When cutting, all dutiful sons have to kneel to pick it up. The tree faces slightly west, its feet face east, and Bimo is chanting beside it. The number of big skirts depends on the age of the deceased. Generally, there is one platform every day, one after ten years, and it is generally not singular, that is, at the age of 70, it should be nine, while ordinary people only need eight! Build another funeral home

Then the white boy criticized Dai Xiao in a big skirt.

At the door and the reception of friends who came to burn paper, the old one, the small one and the small one.

I want to receive my aunt before dark.

The girl's family will perform horse dance, seahorse dance, lion dance, red deer dance, gongs and drums are loud, firecrackers are ringing, and fireworks cut through the night sky. The scene is the most spectacular.

Then send torches to all the girls in the last family.

I invited all the girls in my family to burn paper.

Bimo officially recited the scriptures, beat sheep and sprinkled water on the dutiful son.

The biggest scene is the transition. In the evening, choose a spacious place, people who attend the sacrifice get together, kill all the cows brought by my aunt and Tang's in-laws, and the fire will start. Several families burn paper, several cages of fire, each with a cage. Bimo will transfer from one house to another during the transition, usually for two or three hours, and then fireworks will be set off after the transfer. Girls sometimes fight with seahorses. After the dead are buried, there will be a gathering ceremony. Zou ou is called in Yi language, which means that they can perform the reproductive process of human beings and sing colorful folk songs!

After the ceremony, the coffin is usually carried away at dawn according to the set time.

Finally there is a good place to mourn. The dutiful son set up a coffin and carried him away.

After arriving at the cemetery, the dutiful son knelt down and changed his clothes.

After the youngest, the girls poured wine and smoked cigarettes, thanking all the people who helped, and the people who sprinkled fruit and candy cakes next door rushed to have fun.

Mainly used for:

(1) collecting qi for mourning

Yi people don't want to die in bed, so as soon as the old man died, relatives quickly carried him to the tables and chairs in the hall to dress him. Step on a bucket full of food, the dutiful son will help you, put a coin into the dying man's mouth, wash his face, hands, feet and shave his head. Killing a rooster at the same time is called "attracting chickens or catching chickens". After the old man died, he fired three shots outside the door to report the funeral, so as to inform the neighbors in the village and clean up the dead, and sent two people to invite Bumo in time with wine, rice and other items. Bumo chose auspicious day for burial according to the date of birth and time of death of the deceased, presided over sacrificial activities, recited directions for the deceased, and let him return to his birthplace along the migration route to reunite with his ancestors.

(2) gag

Xiang Chuanga has a history of 1000 years, which is a ritual custom invented by Yi ancestors for their parents to fast. "Daga" is the most solemn and distinctive mourning ceremony in the funeral and sacrifice activities of the Yi people, praying for redress for the deceased. Because this custom is complicated and consumes a lot of manpower, financial resources and material resources, it is unbearable for ordinary people, so the Yi people in many areas of modern Liupanshui keep the funeral very simple and even sinicized.

Gag can be divided into hot ga and cold ga. Families with relatively rich economic conditions immediately asked Bumo to make a ga after the death of the old man, which is called "hot ga". People with financial difficulties should bury the dead first, and then ask Bumo to choose an auspicious day to remember them. This is called "cold ga".

3. festivals

The Year of the Yi nationality is an important traditional festival of the Yi nationality, equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han nationality, which falls on the first day of the tenth lunar month every year. Before the festival, every household should make wine, clean up, set up a shrine (called "wax head" in Yi language) with fresh branches and boards in the center of the back wall of the hall, and place objects for ancestor worship. A beam is erected in front of the shrine with a Mu Cha, and the objects to be enshrined must pass under the Mu Cha before they can be placed on the shrine (indicating cleanliness). "Vinegar charcoal" should be used before offering. When serving meals, first call the names of the surrounding mountains, and then call the deceased ancestors in turn according to their generations until the ancestors of this branch are offered one by one. Festivals are usually three days and should be offered at least once a day. On the third day, the shrine (called "Latou Cliff" in Yi language) was cleaned up early in the morning, and decorations and the like were taken to the wild and burned. With the changes of the times and the continuous progress and development of society, the Year of the Yi people gradually faded and changed to the Spring Festival, but the unique etiquette and customs of the Yi people remained unchanged.

Torch Festival is the most important traditional festival of Yi people, which is held on June 24th and 25th of the lunar calendar every year. When a festival ceremony is held, cattle and sheep are slaughtered and torches are burned in the field with the village as the unit, which means "exorcising evil spirits and eliminating pests, hoping for a bumper harvest and ensuring peace". Torch Festival has rich traditional cultural connotation and strong national characteristics. In recent years, this festival has become a large-scale festival attended by other fraternal nationalities. On the day of the festival, after breakfast, various forms of cultural and sports activities are carried out, such as bullfighting, sheep shooting, swinging and singing competitions. When night falls, men, women and children light bonfires, light torches and dance around them hand in hand. Finally, the girls and boys sat around the campfire singing and dancing, drinking and having fun, and stayed up all night. The Torch Festival of Yi people has penetrated into the atmosphere of modern society and become an important way of economic and cultural exchanges. About the origin of Torch Festival, some people say it is to commemorate the killing of Yi Wang, some say it is to commemorate the victory of the enemy by tying torches to horns, and some say it is to commemorate legends such as burning torches to drive away pests.

Most of the other festivals celebrated by the Yi people are the same as those of other ethnic groups, and some are slightly different in content.

(3) domicile

Yi people like to live in semi-Liangshan areas with mountains and water, and their houses generally face south. Building materials vary from region to region, and they are all made from local materials. If people live in the rocky mountains, most of them are stone-walled houses; Where there are many trees, most of them are wooden houses; Living in bamboo-rich areas, most of them are houses with four eaves surrounded by bamboo pillars; There are also rammed earth wall houses. There are many roof tiles, occasionally thatched. Traditional aristocratic buildings are mostly three halls, that is, two courtyards. The first hall is the nurse's residence, the second hall is the waiter's residence and the third room is the master's room. Houses are roughly divided into three or five rooms.

The modern architecture of the Yi people in Liupanshui is the same as that of the Han people in Otawa.

(4) Clothing

The costumes of the Yi people in Liupanshui are exquisitely made and have a unique style, which can be divided into headdress, body decoration, jewelry and foot decoration. Headdresses include baotou, felt hat, forehead hoop and earrings, as well as children's Baba hat, fishtail hat, tile hat, rabbit ear hat, tiger ear hat, bead hat and silver hat. , and the body is decorated with right-hand big chest gown, right-hand big chest coat, apron, belt, felt, trouser legs, children's crotch pants and so on. Jewelry includes rings and bracelets. Footwear leggings, handmade cloth shoes (cloth shoes, spikes, embroidered shoes, hook shoes, etc. ) and cloth sandals.

In Panxian area, Yi people wore felt, men wore sheepskin vests and women wore long skirts until the founding of the People's Republic of China. Nowadays, both men and women wear black or white baotou. Women should wear silver headband and "C" earrings. Men's and women's clothing is made of underwear, Shang Qing, blue and white. Men's wear, with a double-breasted coat on top and trousers with big underpants on the bottom. Women's dress, wearing a straight collar, narrow sleeves, tight nightgown and ordinary trousers. Neck, front, under cuffs? All inlaid with lace. The waist is embroidered around the waist, and the belt naturally hangs on both sides, more than a foot long. Wear embroidered shoes on your feet. Put on a silver ring and bracelet. Dressed for the festival, the edges of clothes and trousers are embroidered. Wear "Guoduo" on your back (no Chinese title).

Liuzhi Shuicheng Yi people have similar costumes. After the early Qing Dynasty, men wore ponytails, long hair and long clothes, which was very common in Dai Li, and fewer and fewer people wore blankets. During the Republic of China, the braid was cut off. There are also similarities and differences in modern clothes. For example, in Yushe area of Shuicheng, both men and women wear clothes and pants. Men's wear, coat with lapels, narrow sleeves, short left and right slits, cloth buttons, long crotch and white color. At the bottom are wide trousers, black or dark blue in color, wearing green handkerchiefs. I like to wear felt or white cloth. "Water" is worn on the outermost layer. It is a stand-up collar, double-breasted and sleeveless. The front is as short as a coat, and so is the back. Knee bend, button, front swing and left and right have two parallel pockets, with lace or finely carved flowers, so it is called "Oriental tuxedo". Women's dress, with straight top to the right, narrow sleeves and tight robe, cloth knot, deep tendons and large arc swing. The collar, cuffs and hem are decorated with decals mainly composed of pomegranate flowers, rolled grass, vortex patterns and Yun Leiwen. The shoulders, hem and hem are also decorated with wide decals or patterns of the same pattern, which are mostly composed of two consecutive sides. The colors of decals and picks are still red, green, yellow, black and white, generally with black and blue as the background color. The bottom is a long hem, and the hem edge is decorated with decals or flowers. Women's clothes also have cloud shoulders, which are symmetrically decorated with large cloud hooks. There are beaded tassels, mainly red, yellow and green, and white cloth around the waist. It is also commonly called "water". The head handkerchief is black, surrounded by handkerchief, and the front part is upturned, which is decorated in a "V" shape. Now I buy silk handkerchiefs or red scarves from the store. Boat-shaped shoes are worn on the feet, with decals on the vamp, uniform toe on the head and cloth or leather soles.

Yi people's costume patterns are mainly tiger, Tai Chi, cloud hook and triangle, supplemented by flowers and birds. Today, most Yi people in Liupanshui wear their own traditional costumes, and most young people are women. In Yi inhabited areas and a few remote areas, young men wear ordinary clothes in addition to traditional clothes.