Reasons for Bianjing's Prosperity

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty (who worked in Hanlin Painting Academy when he was in Song Huizong), depicts the bustling scene of the capital city Bianliang during the Qingming Festival, and is a genre painting with rich contents of urban commercial activities. Based on Qian's Zhuo? According to the statistics in Volume 8, there are 1659 people and 209 animals on the riverside scene in Qingming Festival, which is more than any of the classical novels Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1654, 38+095 people), Dream of Red Mansions (975 people) and Water Margin (785 people). In fact, the population of the capital of the Song Dynasty reached1500,000 at its peak. (According to Geography of Song History, there were 26117 households and 442,940 people in Kaifeng during the Chongning period. ")。 History books even use "Eight Wastes for Fairy Boys" to describe the prosperity of Kaifeng, the capital of the Song Dynasty. Tokyo is the richest city in the world, and its prosperity has reached its peak. It became the political, economic and cultural center of the country at that time and the most prosperous metropolis in the world.

The whole picture of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival can be divided into three sections. From the outside to the inside, the first thing I saw was the scenery on the outskirts of Bianjing. The middle section mainly depicts the busy scenes on both sides of Shangtu Bridge and Bianhe River. The second half depicts the street view of Bianjing City.

The first paragraph: Bianjing rural spring scenery

In the sparse forest mist, there are several huts, grass bridges, running water, old trees and boats. Two porters are driving five donkeys loaded with charcoal. They are going to town.

It can be seen that the capital of song dynasty is a veritable central city, which has promoted the development of rural economy nearby. This shows that the city life in Tokyo is using charcoal or coal. The interactive development of urban and rural economy has promoted commercial prosperity.

It can be seen that the capital of song dynasty is a veritable central city, which has promoted the development of rural economy nearby. This shows that the city life in Tokyo is using charcoal or coal. The interactive development of urban and rural economy has promoted commercial prosperity.

A willow forest, with faint green branches, makes people feel that although it is chilly in spring, it is already spring back to the earth. In the sedan chair on the road, a woman sat in it. The top of the sedan chair is decorated with willows and flowers, followed by riders and bearers, returning from a walk in the suburbs of Beijing to sweep the grave. The description of the environment and characters points out the specific time and customs of Tomb-Sweeping Day, which opens the curtain for the whole painting.

The mode of living in the city and sweeping graves outside the city once again shows that Tokyo is a metropolis.

The mode of living in the city and sweeping graves outside the city once again shows that Tokyo is a metropolis.

Middle section: busy Bianhe wharf.

Bianhe River is the hub of national grain transportation in the Northern Song Dynasty and the main road of commercial traffic. As can be seen from the picture, the population here is dense and there are many grain ships. Some people have a rest in the teahouse, some people are telling fortune and tasting tea. Ships come and go in the river, end to end, or pulled by trackers or rowed by boatmen. Some are full of goods, some are upstream, and some are nervously berthed to unload.

Obviously, Bianjing's prosperity benefits from being the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country, and the population consumption scale of 6.5438+0.5 million has promoted the development of water transport.

Obviously, Bianjing's prosperity benefits from being the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country, and the population consumption scale of 6.5438+0.5 million has promoted the development of water transport.

Across the Bianhe River is a large wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and beautiful shape. Such as flying rainbow, hence the name Hongqiao. There is a big ship waiting to cross the bridge. The boatman is supported by bamboo poles; Hook the bridge with a long pole; Lead the boat with hemp rope; Several people were busy lowering the mast so that the boat could only pass. People in the neighboring ship are also pointing, as if shouting something. Both inside and outside the ship are busy crossing the bridge for this ship. People on the bridge are also sweating over the tense ferry scene. This is the well-known Hongqiao pier, which is full of traffic and bustling, and is really the intersection of land and water transportation.

Sailing boats are very big, Hongqiao pier is very prosperous, and Tokyo relies on land and water to ensure Beijing's material supply.

Sailing boats are very big, Hongqiao pier is very prosperous, and Tokyo relies on land and water to ensure Beijing's material supply.

In the back part, busy city streets.

Centered on the tall towers, there are rows of houses on both sides, including teahouses, restaurants, foot shops, meat shops, temples, public halls and so on. The store specializes in silk, jewelry, spices, incense, paper horses and so on. In addition, there are medical clinics, cart repair, fortune-telling visits, shaving and plastic surgery, and all walks of life have everything. Large-scale shops are also tied with "colorful buildings and happy doors" and hung banners to attract business.

Most of the 360 lines are displayed in the Riverside Map at Qingming Festival, indicating that the city life is civilized and healthy, with signs or consciousness.

Most of the 360 lines are displayed in the Riverside Map at Qingming Festival, indicating that the city life is civilized and healthy, with signs or consciousness.

Pedestrians in the market jostled each other. There are businessmen who do business, gentry who watch street scenes, officials who ride horses, vendors who sell things, family members who sit in sedan chairs, monks who carry baskets, foreign tourists who ask for directions, street children who have heard of books, brothers and sisters who get drunk in restaurants, disabled elderly people who beg on the edge of cities, men, women and children, and farmers and workers. Means of transportation: sedan chair, camel, ox cart, rickshaw, flat car and flatbed car.

From the above analysis, it is not difficult to see the reasons for the commercial prosperity in the Northern Song Dynasty:

1. Bianliang is the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, with a large population of 6.5438+0.5 million people, which requires a large amount of material supply, that is to say, there is a strong commercial demand. This is the reason why waterway transportation is developed.

Second, Beijing is also a political and cultural center, so there are more shops, restaurants and teahouses. Because officials from all provinces in China come to do business and intellectuals come to study and travel for exams, Tokyo is a consumer city.

Third, the political situation is stable. From Song Taizu to Song Huizong, there has not been a major war. This is the end of Tomb-Sweeping Day. Close to it, there will be difficulties in Jingkang, the emperor of Qin Hui will be taken away, and the capital of song dynasty will be destroyed.

Fourthly, from the picture, it is bustling, lively and orderly, which shows that the commercial policy and management of the Northern Song Dynasty are in place.

11kloc-0/year, Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was included in the imperial court. Song Huizong and Evonne signed the frontispiece five times, and stamped with the small seal of Shuanglong (lost). 1 127, after the change of Jingkang, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival involves Ren Jin.

From the above analysis, it is not difficult to see the reasons for the commercial prosperity in the Northern Song Dynasty:

1. Bianliang is the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, with a large population of 6.5438+0.5 million people, which requires a large amount of material supply, that is to say, there is a strong commercial demand. This is the reason why waterway transportation is developed.

Second, Beijing is also a political and cultural center, so there are more shops, restaurants and teahouses. Because officials from all provinces in China come to do business and intellectuals come to study and travel for exams, Tokyo is a consumer city.

Third, the political situation is stable. From Song Taizu to Song Huizong, there has not been a major war. This is the end of Tomb-Sweeping Day. Close to it, there will be difficulties in Jingkang, the emperor of Qin Hui will be taken away, and the capital of song dynasty will be destroyed.

Fourthly, from the picture, it is bustling, lively and orderly, which shows that the commercial policy and management of the Northern Song Dynasty are in place.

11kloc-0/year, Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was included in the imperial court. Song Huizong and Evonne signed the frontispiece five times, and stamped with the small seal of Shuanglong (lost). 1 127, after the change of Jingkang, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival involves Ren Jin.