A Brief Introduction to the Author of Fuchun Shan Jutu

Huang (1269- 1354) was born in Changshu County, Jiangsu Province (now Changshu City). A famous painter in Yuan Dynasty, the first of "Yuan Sijia".

According to legend, his real name was Lu Jian, and he was later adopted by Huang in Pingyang County, Yongjia County (now Pingyang County, Wenzhou), calling himself "Ren". Middle-aged officials in Duchayuan, converted to Quanzhen religion, nicknamed the big idiot Taoist. He sells divination in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces for a living.

Be good at painting landscapes, learn from Dong Yuan and Ju Ran, and learn from Li Cheng's method. He got instructions from Zhao Mengfu. His ink paintings are exquisite, simple and profound. On top of ink painting, it is slightly pale and is known as "pale crimson landscape" internationally.

In his later years, he painted with brush strokes, and his charm was boundless. He is also called "Yuan Sijia" with Zhenwu, Ni Zan and Wang Meng. He is good at writing and poetry, and has written "Writing Landscape", which is an article about the experience of landscape painting creation. Existing works include Fuchun Shan Jutu, Snowfall Map in Jiu Feng, Yushu Map in Ya Dan, Stone Wall Map in Tianchi, etc.

Huang was born in the fifth year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1269). "Young child prodigy", "talent is lonely and high, and there are few ambitions". He was only 1 1 years old when he died in the Southern Song Dynasty. As an adult, he did not have a strong rebellious attitude towards the Yuan regime. On the contrary, influenced by Confucianism's active accession to the WTO, he has an eager desire to participate in politics and great political ambitions, hoping to show his talents and make great achievements in politics.

However, in the early Yuan Dynasty, the aristocratic rulers did not adopt the employment system of selecting scholars in the imperial examination, but divided China people into four categories: Mongolians, Semu people, Han people and southerners. People of different ranks have different political status, and Mongols have the highest status and sovereignty. Southerners, the Han people under the former Southern Song Dynasty, have the lowest status and almost no political power.

Huang is a southerner and cannot be an official according to regulations. If you want to be an official, you must start from being an official. After a certain number of years, you can decide whether you can be an official. Even an official needs to be introduced.

Probably because of his ability and talent, he was appreciated by Zhang Lu, a politician in Pingzhang and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and was appointed as a bookkeeper in his senior year (13 1 1). In May of the first year of the Qing Dynasty (13 12), Zhang Lu was transferred to Pingzhang government in Zhongshu Province, and Huang followed him to Kyoto Prefecture (now Beijing).

However, Zhang Lu was a corrupt official, but it was recorded in Yuan history. In the third year of Dade (1299), Zhang Lu was impeached by Yushi for taking bribes, but was pardoned by the emperor and was not pursued. In the first year of Yan (13 14), the court appointed Zhang Lu to "manage the farmland in the south of the Yangtze River". After Zhang arrived in the south of the Yangtze River, he was greedy for carving things, enriching the people and traitors, which led to "people living in poverty, thieves rising" and "forcing nine people to die by encircling the fields". Yuan rulers had to say.

Huang is Zhang's bookkeeper, and he wrote many documents and accounts. He was also implicated in prison at the age of 47. At this moment, the Yuan Dynasty held its first imperial examination. His good friend Yang Zai was the top scholar in this subject, but Huang, who was keen on fame and career, lost this very rare opportunity because of his imprisonment, which was another heavy blow to him.

This incident was purely coincidental, but it had a great influence on Huang's thought. He "knows everything" and has already studied the study of life. This blow strengthened his fatalism. After he was released from prison, he once made a living by selling hexagrams, which was recorded in many documents. I believe that he is also honest when he divines for others, not cheating when he is wandering the rivers and lakes.

Huang was nearly fifty years old when he got out of prison. During this period, Zijiu resumed his painting career. On the one hand, he consulted famous predecessors, on the other hand, he interacted with some bookish painters such as Cao, copied a large number of ancient monuments to improve the "ancient meaning" of painting, and often traveled abroad, visited places of interest in southern Jiangsu and made friends with celebrities from all walks of life, including many famous hermits and Buddhist masters (see "Friends" for details).

In the process of selling divination, painting, making friends and sightseeing, he gradually got a clearer understanding of social reality and became more and more famous in the painting world. With a very high painting name, he is welcomed by many bureaucratic landlords who like arty, and also respected by other painters.

The social status and fame I struggled for half my life came when my career was hopeless. This unexpected harvest made Zi Jiu suddenly wake up. From then on, I gave up my official career and started a real hermit career. In the second year of Tian Li (1329), I joined Quanzhen Sect and studied under Ni Zan.

Zi has been engaged in painting for a long time, mainly painting landscapes. Probably because he joined the new Taoism. After he was released from prison, he basically lived a life of traveling around, which is one of the teachings of Quanzhen religion. He often travels between famous mountains and rivers, which provides rich materials and inspiration for his landscape painting creation and also promotes the formation of his realistic landscape painting style. Most of his paintings are based on the real scenery he has seen.

In the 14th year of Zheng Zheng (1354), Huang died of illness in Hangzhou at the age of 86. He was buried in Changshu, his hometown, and his grave is still under Baige Peak (also known as Goose Peak) at the southern foot of Yushan Mountain. On the north side of Panshan Highway, there is a stone archway with the inscription "Mr. Huang Dachi's Tomb in Gaoyuan Stone".

Extended data:

In the seventh year of Zheng Zheng (1347), Huang, who was getting older, returned to Fuchun Township, Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province, and went with his younger brothers. Huang painted Fuchun Mountain scenery for useless teachers, which was not completed until ten years (1350). This is Fuchun Shan Jutu.

At that time, Huang was 82 years old, which was the most important work handed down from generation to generation. The picture shows the mountain scenery of Huang's former residence, including Chunming Village, Miaoshan, Daling and Fuchunjiang. There are sloping sand banks, scattered houses, rolling mountains, overlapping mountains and staggered trees in the painting. The scenery is densely arranged, and the ink color is thick and light, which is varied.

All rock paintings use the method of piercing hemp, the strokes are fast and slow, the lines are short and not parallel, and there are clever staggered combinations. Fuchun Shan Jutu did not spread in an orderly way. For some time, I don't know why it was hidden, and even several Fuchun Shan Jutu appeared in the world, leaving many unsolved mysteries for future generations.

Fuchun Shan Jutu was written by Huang for his classmate "useless teacher". Useless teacher is the first owner of this picture, and he left the seal of useless teacher on it. I don't know why this painting was collected since it was useless, and it didn't reappear in front of the world until the Chenghua period (1465- 1487).

At this time, it was sold to Shen Zhou, a painter, collector and founder of "Wumen Sect" at a high price. So how did this painting spread from ten years later to Chenghua? If we know from whom the person who sold this painting to Shen Zhou got Fuchun Shan Jutu, we can know a little, but it is impossible to find out now.

For the formation of this blank, we can guess that maybe this painting was collected in an orderly way, but the collector forgot to write an inscription or an inscription on it, and someone deliberately destroyed the inscription. Why do you want to destroy this inscription is quite puzzling and there is no reasonable explanation. Now it is a mystery.

Baidu encyclopedia-Huang

Baidu Encyclopedia-Fuchun (Huang created paper ink painting in Yuan Dynasty)