On Liu's three unique skills

Among Jincheng castles, Liu's folk houses are famous for their rich cultural atmosphere. Walking into this quaint and gentle village, the villagers are kind and calm, and still do not lose the legacy of the Liu family. The architectural style and inscriptions of Western satellites fully reflect this point. Among them, calligraphy and painting inscriptions, wood carvings and stone lions are also called Liu Sanjue.

Jincheng County Order: Cheng Hao

Address: Inscription of Liu's calligraphy and painting, woodcarving and Shishi in the hinterland of Lishanshun Wang Ping Natural Scenic Area in Qinshui.

Inscription of calligraphy and painting: Next to Yongqing Gate of Paifang Street, there are two big barrels embedded in the side wall of the gate, the left is filial piety and the right is loyalty, written by Zhu Suo, a philosopher of the Song Dynasty.

On the main entrance, there is a couplet inscribed by Wang Guoguang, a famous minister of Wanli in Ming Dynasty: Wenfeng and Baishishu fly at full speed on the barrier, and the balcony is surrounded by water for nine days to warm the faucet. Wang Guoguang, a native of Yangcheng, lived in the same era as Liu Daxia and Liu Yuchun. At that time, Liu Yuchun and the co-organizers Wang Guoguang and Tian Yian sang a poem in Lishan Shunwangping, leaving a lot of handwriting.

Liu's descendants seldom associate with the government. On the sermon tablet in Hedong Liu, I warned my descendants: ... Wan Li is on the way, and Beijing belongs to my family. Don't stay in the post with a different surname, for fear of humiliating the official. No matter whether Liu's descendants are officials or businessmen, they are all scholars and scholars who like to make friends most.

There are more than 40 famous calligraphy and paintings in Liu's former residence. In addition to Zhu and Wang Guoguang, Wang Yangming, a philosopher of the Ming Dynasty, a calligrapher and painter, and Fang all left their handwriting here. The calligraphy inscriptions of Zhu, Wang Yangming are very rare in the north, which have high appreciation value and cultural relics value. What is even more surprising is that Liu's residence still preserves several paintings by Wu Daozi, a sage of the Tang Dynasty, and a master of landscape painting, which is a national treasure. Zhu, a famous Neo-Confucianist in Southern Song Dynasty. He developed Cheng Zhu's (Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi's) theory on the relationship between qi and qi, and established a complete objective idealistic neo-Confucianism system, which was called Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism. Zhu Liuzhai's Notes is the content of Zhu's discussion about the original meaning of Zhouyi. His calligraphy is vigorous, dignified and steady, rough and simple.

Cheng Hao was once the magistrate of Jincheng County. It is not known whether Zhu has been here.

Wen Zhiming was a famous painter and calligrapher in Ming Dynasty. With Zhu Yunming, Tang Yin and Xu Zhenqing, they are called four gifted scholars in Wuzhong, and with Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and Chou Ying, they are called Ming Sijia. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, he took the provincial examination. Because of his poor handwriting, he got the third grade, so he worked hard to get revenge. His calligraphers have four styles, among which the lower case and cursive script are particularly outstanding, and they are known as the jade plates of the holy religion. There are four cursive scripts in Liu's former residence, the content of which is Four Pieces of Yu Customs, which provides important information for studying the calligraphy art of Wumen Calligraphy School and the social atmosphere at that time.

Wang Shouren, a native of Yangmingshan, was a famous philosopher and educator in Ming Dynasty. He developed Lu Jiuyuan's theory against the Zhu Cheng School. The calligraphy inscriptions of Wang Yangming and Zhu, the representatives of the two major schools, appear here at the same time, which shows that the Liu clan has learned from others' strengths and used them for our own use.

Wu Daozi was a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty. Originally a folk painter, he was later enshrined in the court. His paintings have a strong three-dimensional sense. The clothes on the characters in the painting seem to be fluttering with the wind, which is called the Jia style of the Wu Dynasty. Wu Daozi, known as the sage of painting, is regarded as the founder of folk plastic artists. Unfortunately, no original works have been seen so far, only a copy of a picture sent by the heavenly king reflects his painting style. To be fair, there are two ways to draw the Wu Daozi Monument in Liu Mansion. One is that the sage has ten faces, and the theme is that Confucius tells the story of Yao and Shun to ten disciples. The figures in the painting have different expressions and elegant clothes. The whole painting has smooth lines, three inscriptions and a small shadow, which is valuable information for studying his painting style and skills.

In addition to the calligraphy and painting inscriptions of the above-mentioned celebrities, there are more than 100 inscriptions on couplets, family instructions, plaques, ancestor worship, notes, epitaphs and tombstones. There are 8 imperial titles and 26 murals, which are worthy of being a treasure house of art.

Stone tablets are the witness of history, and calligraphy and painting are branded with the imprint of the years. Passing by, the style of writing is flying and the ink is pleasant. As an immortal landscape, calligraphy and painting on steles add a dazzling brilliance to Liu's dwellings.

Woodcarving: In Xiwenxing, all kinds of woodcarving ornaments can be found almost everywhere, whether in Guandi Temple or those residential courtyards. These exquisite carvings have become another major feature of Liu's folk houses.

The first is the diversity of forms. Judging from the existing relatively complete Sima Di and Zhong, almost all doors and windows and almost all wooden components have different degrees of decoration in their appearance. There are deep or shallow woodcarving flowers on the surface of the transverse Fang; The vertically protruding beam head is either made into the shape of a chrysanthemum head or covered with a flower-shaped plate; The sparrows at the junction of Liang Fang and the pillars are also covered with wood carvings, and sometimes they form a pair of carved flowers with the horizontal side of the pillars covered with wood carvings and hang between the two pillars; The wooden railings on the second floor are decorated from the padding under the handrails, the railings to the sill. Although the big frame of the railing is the same and the layout of each part is different, the flowers on the wooden mat are different. Doors and windows separate windows from sill windows, and the grid patterns on doors and windows are varied, with various geometric patterns and complex decorative patterns, and there are only more than 40 kinds of window patterns.

The woodcarving in Liu's former residence is rich and colorful. There are animal images such as dragon, lion, unicorn and bat, plant images such as peony, lotus and all kinds of rolling grass, patterns such as the word "longevity", and folk customs and articles such as fruits, vases and pen containers that are rarely used in official buildings. Moreover, the images of these animals and plants themselves are not as standardized as those in official buildings, but more free, diverse and lively.

In Tian Chong's door carvings, there are not only single images of these animals and plants, but also colorful groups of these images, which endow them with various meanings. For example, a child with a lotus leaf stands on the lotus leaf, which means that people are born suddenly and have no support; The combination of piano, chess, calligraphy and painting expresses the owner's life interest and pursuit; Several bats around a birthday word, symbolizing the auspicious meaning of Five Blessingg's longevity. In terms of carving techniques, there are not only three-dimensional through-air carving, but also different levels of deep carving, shallow carving and line carving. This five-story wood carving can be interpreted in more than 30 ways, which makes people marvel at the exquisite architectural skills of the ancients and the rich imagination and passionate creativity of the owner. It fully expressed the life pursuit and interest of Liu's descendants.

Lion: The lion was introduced to China in the Western Han Dynasty, and was deeply loved by people in China. Whether in the court or in the folk, there are two lions crouching in front of the door, which is both protective and auspicious.

There are 102 stone lions in Liu Mansion, and there are stone lions in front of almost every building. They are either squatting on the stone seat of the door pillow or playing on the stone surface of the drum, with different expressions and embarrassment. The statue is close to the lion shape in Tang and Song Dynasties. The overall shape is strong, the lion is dignified and arrogant, and the lioness is kind and quiet. It is neither as fierce as the lion in front of the palace nor as funny as the lion in the south, but it dares to break through the tradition in details. For example, the lioness on the right side of Sima Di's gate, the traditional form should be to press a young lion with her feet, but here she presses a hydrangea with her feet and a young lion lies on her chest, which has become a gender image. The little lions on the drum stones on both sides of the gate and the lions on the base of the shadow wall inside the gate are vivid. They either squat or lie down, echoing up and down; Or run or jump, play hydrangea back and forth. There is a rope between these little lions to connect them, which enhances the image connection of lions and avoids the looseness of the overall composition. Because the rope is homophonic with the gods, these lions have gained the reputation of the god lions.

The most famous stone lions in Liu Mansion are eight little lions on the pillars of two archways. They look different, and each lion has a different meaning, so it is called a civilized lion.

The first stone lion under the memorial archway of Fang Chuan in Dangui is called "wagging tail lion". Its mouth is tied with a rope, and its tail is upturned, which shows the arrogance of literati, outspoken and love to express opinions. Tie the lion's mouth with a rope and warn the Liu clan to leave a word on his mouth, which is the truth that disaster comes from his mouth. The second stone lion is called an honest lion. The lion's tail is hidden between his legs, which shows that scholars are no longer arrogant and know how to behave with their tails between their legs. The third stone lion is called the defending lion. There are two little lions at the foot of the lion and a big ball under the stomach, which means to live in peace and stick to the rules. At the foot of the fourth stone lion, there is a lion sticking its head out and a little lion with its head down in its belly, which means to get ahead.

The first stone lion downstairs of Qingyun Wu Jie Brand is called the first lion. The lion wears a flower on his chest, which shows that he was a scholar in high school. The second stone lion is called the lion who seeks support from the mountain. The lion's body clings to the stone pillar, reminding Liu's descendants to take refuge in the powerful door after entering high school for future development. The front legs of the third stone lion stand straight and the body is lifted upward. Under the lion lies a little lion. It has a head, a deer tail and a lion body. It means sitting and enjoying the salary. The fourth stone lion is called the ups and downs lion in Guanhai. A circle of hair around the lion's neck, the inner and outer circles look like ancient money, which means to survive in the official sea by hanging money strings. Warning the descendants of Liu, the ups and downs of officialdom are unpredictable. If you use real skills, you have to use real skills and be willing to spend money on gifts.

Professor Lou Qingxi, an expert in the study of ancient buildings in Tsinghua University, said: It is very difficult to find such complete and diverse stone lions in the national houses.

These stone lions and memorial archways have a history of more than 450 years. Although weather-beaten because of poor quality of stone, it still does not change its former style.

Wandering in Liu's residence, we savor the hermit's pain and feel the hermit's happiness. Can these enlightened lions be understood as the consciousness of hermits?

I asked Yu what he was doing in Bishan, but I just laughed. Peach blossoms and flowing water suddenly go away, and the world is not human.

At that time, the descendants of the Liu family must have a deep understanding of this poem of Li Bai.

Western culture is developed, which is the hiding place of the Liu family.

The prosperity of western culture is a paradise for Liu's descendants.