Information about the Analects of Confucius

The Analects of Confucius is a collection of quotations from Confucius and his disciples, which was compiled by Confucius' disciples and re-disciples until the early Warring States period. The book consists of 20 chapters and 492 sections, with quotations as the main part, supplemented by narration, which mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples.

It embodies Confucius' political ideas, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. This book is one of the classic works of Confucianism, and it is also called four books with Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius.

Together with The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu, they are called the Four Books and Five Classics. There are three versions of the Analects of Confucius in ancient times: ancient theory, Lu theory and Qi theory. The Analects of Confucius, which is popular now, is a version formed by collating Lu Lun and Gu Lun.

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The Analects of Confucius has been regarded as the rule of the Five Classics and the throat of the Six Arts since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty deposed a hundred schools of Confucianism, and it is the first-hand material for studying Confucius and Confucianism, especially the primitive Confucianism.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu combined Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius into one, which made his position in Confucian classics improve day by day. During the life extension period of the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial examination began to select scholars with four books.

From then on, until the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination was abolished, and The Analects of Confucius has always been the golden rule pursued by scholars.

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