Two blind people's fortune-telling in Henan Quju _ Two blind people's fortune-telling aria in Henan Quju

Detailed data collection of Henan opera

Henan Quju is a local opera, also known as Henan Quzi Opera and Gao Tai Opera. Originated in Nanyang, Henan Province, it is divided into major and minor, with elegant, euphemistic and brisk tunes. Henan Quju is a kind of drama that combines minor and folk stilt singing and dancing. Because the tune is easy to learn, singing with your own voice, performance close to life, spread very quickly.

Chinese name: mbth, Henan Quju, alias: Henan Quzi Opera and Gao Tai Opera. Departure time:: 1926. Founder: Li Zubai, Guan Yunlong, Zhu Wanming, etc. Brief introduction, genre, repertoire, development history, recording time, Republic of China period, Gao Tai opera, drum music, early 1930s, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, artistic characteristics and quju. Popular in Henan and northwest Hubei. Formerly known as Quyi "Henan Quzi", 1926 entered the stage of China opera. There are also Nanyang tune (major) and Luoyang tune (minor). The former is calmer and the latter is more lively. There are more than forty kinds of Qupai, such as Hanjiang, Diao Yang, Manchu Drum Head, Jujube Stem, Cut Flowers and Silver Cattle Silk. The singing tone is soft, changeable and brisk, which has obvious characteristics of folk songs. The main accompaniment instruments are Quzixian, Sanxian, Sixian, Banhu, Erhu, Pipa and Zheng. There are more than 200 traditional plays. Most of the early dramas were "three mini-dramas" reflecting family life, such as "Happy New Year Festival", "Selling a Pot" and "Safe Delivery of Rice". Later, there were also dramas with folk stories as the theme, such as "Sacrifice Tower" and "Flower Festival". Traditional plays such as Chen Sanliang, Wind and Snow Match, Xi Juan Child and modern plays such as The Cover and The Return of the Native are mostly folk dramas arranged after liberation, such as Li Huozi's Divorce, Little Solitary Fairy and Little Gervais. There are also adaptations from drum tracks, such as Sacrifice Tower, Huating Club, Blue Bridge Club, Noisy Bookstore, Sending Meals to Peace, and Golden Melody Doue's Injustice. From 65438 to 0933, it spread to Zhoukou in central Henan and Kaifeng in eastern Henan. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, popular in southern Shaanxi and northern Hubei. In the process of communication, the performing arts of local operas such as Bangzi and Peking Opera were constantly absorbed, and the artistic style changed from (commonly known as "xianggong", (commonly known as maid) and ugliness (commonly known as monk) to life, Dan, purity, ugliness and ugliness. The repertoire includes Xigong, Weeping Tang Hong and Legend of the White Snake. There are more than 2 10 traditional repertoires. Early famous actors included Zhu Tianshui (Dan), Zhu Liulai (born), Li Jinbo (Dan) and Zhao Hezhou (ugly). The historical record time of the development of Henan Quju: The predecessor of Henan Quju was stilt tune, which experienced three steps: stilt tune-Gao Tai tune-stage tune (Henan tune) and was later called Henan Quju. It is the youngest drama in China with a history of only 80 years. Become the second largest local opera in Henan. Henan Quju was on the seventh day of the fourth lunar month in the Republic of China (15). Zhang Cun Guan Yunlong in Linru County, Henan Province, led the drama club "She" (the stilt song "Playing Friends" (amateur actors), including Zhu Wanming, Chen, Li, etc. A group of 65,438+06 people went to Li Sanliwei Village, Angelababy Township, Dengfeng County, Henan Province to perform. They can't walk on stilts for many days because of the rain. The farmers watching the performance built an ox cart and carried Qiao Zhuang to a high platform. After they knelt down and swore to heaven that they would not tell anyone, they unloaded the kidnappers on stilts and sang on stage, singing plays such as "Xu Zhuangyuan Sacrifice Tower" and "Sister Eight Sheep Noisy Hotel". This made stilt music go to the podium. Two months later, on June 13th of the lunar calendar, Liwa Village sang a temple fair for Longwang Temple every year, and built a 0.5-meter-high platform in front of the temple, with a shed on it and a large piece of red cloth hanging behind it. It's like a stage, with Wang Tianshui, Song Liujin and Li Huan from Yichuan. There are songs such as Ding Lang Admiring Father, Tianhe Ji, Liu Quan Entering Melon, Song Wu Killing Sister-in-law, and Book Club. The new performance method has received unexpected good results. From then on, Taizi Quzi stepped onto the stage, called Henan Quzi, and later named Henan Quju. Henan Quju was formally born in Liwa Village. After the temple fair, the news spread far and wide, and the constant invitation to sing for them attracted famous actors from all over the country and actors from our village to go out to sing, and wrote the four characters "Awakening People's Troupe" on the red cloth. This is the earliest opera troupe in China and the first opera troupe in China. 1927 started performing in other places to make a living. It soon affected nearby counties and towns, and many singing organizations appeared. This form of performing on stage without stilts became more common in the late 1920s. It also affected Zhu Wanming. After watching 1928 Luoyang's civilized drama, I was greatly inspired and changed my mind. They joined hands with their "playmates" to enter the city and performed "No Smoking", "Let's Go" and "Let's Go" in a courtyard of Luoyang Laoji (the original site of "Victory Stage"). Since 1930s, stage tunes have gradually learned performance programs from brother operas, accompanied instruments have gradually increased, and gradually developed into a sound "civil and military field", thus forming a complete local opera and developing in the direction of standardization. Quju absorbed percussion music from Henan Opera, Beijing Opera and other operas, and enriched the orchestral music according to the needs of singing accompaniment. The repertoire has gradually changed from family life drama to historical drama (robe with drama), from small Chinese drama to big drama, and all walks of life have gradually improved. Henan Quju Gao Tai Quju was developed on the basis of Henan Quyi. At first, performers sang on stilts, and later they gradually developed into Gao Tai operas. Drum Ziqu Drum Ziqu is a kind of rap art combining music and cards. When singing, three or five people clap their hands with sandalwood, which is contrary to the previous three-string accompaniment. They will help together when they need help. Every song is sung in a certain order. Around the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there was a combination of drum music and stilt walking, which was called "stilt music". When I first appeared, I didn't wear makeup, and I didn't distinguish between occupations. It's just a few people walking up and down the street on stilts, singing songs with a story, accompanied by three stringed instruments. It was not until around 1920 that stilt songs with simple makeup and rough division of labor appeared, and drum music was mostly performed by folk tales of characters, such as little fairy, soap washing and fishing. The removal of stilts from "Stilts Song" and their arrival on the stage of drama is a landmark event that stilts have evolved from ordinary folk songs and dances to formal "Gao Tai Song", which has formed a qualitative leap in the development of drama. Henan Quju Opera in the early 1930s, but in the early 1930s, the general Quju Opera Troupe was still in the amateur nature: busy farming and slack farming, and there were only a dozen people in a class club. During the performance, they didn't talk about the price of the play, but only asked about the food. If you receive a gift, the whole class will share it equally. At that time, advanced classes appeared one after another in Runan, Zhoukou, Xinyang and Nanyang. Around 1930, there were four famous Gao Tai troupes: one was a troupe headed by Zhu Wanming, with Luoyang as its activity center; Second, the troupe headed by Liu Le is often active in Jin Meng and Xin 'an. Thirdly, troupes headed by Hu Ding and Liu Baocai are often active in Luohe and Yexian. Fourth, the troupes led by Qin, Zhou, and Zhou often operate in Dengfeng and Yanshi. From the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Henan Quzi Opera developed rapidly, covering all major counties and cities in the province, and there were traces of Henan Quzi Opera in Linquan area of Anhui Province. Semi-professional troupes began to appear in Zhoukou, Huaiyang, Jieshou and other places, and famous actors such as Yang Defu (stage name cabbage), Chen Wanshun and Chen (the earliest actress in traditional Chinese opera) appeared. Specifically, in 1939, Li Jinbo and dramatist Jiao Juyin performed "Gao Guanping" in Anhui Culture Village; 1940, most of Henan province was occupied by Japanese invaders, and many opera artists were forced to go into exile in Nanyang and other places to form professional clubs, with Nanyang as the center for performances. Some clubs also performed in northern Hubei, southwestern Shaanxi, eastern Sichuan and other places, and some artists were exiled to Baoji, Tianshui, Lanzhou and other places along the Longhai Railway, among which the Phantom Quzi Society founded by Zhao Zi 'an and Ma Deshan was the most popular. 1943, and Zhang formed the Quju Class Club to resist the construction of the Opera Club. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, in 1946, the Kuomintang banned the play on the pretext of "immorality" and "teaching prostitutes and thieves", forcing many artists to make a living by singing in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hubei and Sichuan. Ren Junjie, Bai Yongling and Chang Wencheng were organized by the famous artist Li Jinbo in the name of "Alarm Theatre-Nanping Tune". They performed in Kaifeng Xinlin Cinema for about two months in that year 1 1 month, which was well received and supported by the audience. Under the pressure of public opinion, the Kuomintang rulers will go away. In order to celebrate the revival of Quju, the "Alarm Drama Club-Nanping Tune" was renamed as "Xinsheng Quju Club", and Luoyang Quju Troupe, mainly composed of Lan and Liu Wei, was invited to perform. 1947, when the new drama club was performing in Zhengzhou, the Kuomintang was suspected of using the word "new life" to promote it, and the drama club was ordered to dissolve by the authorities. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Henan Quju was restored and developed. Henan Quju is not only popular in most parts of the province, but also has professional troupes in Gansu, Shaanxi, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu and Hubei. 1956 The first Henan Opera Exhibition Conference awarded Zhu Wanming an honorary award for his contribution to the formation of Henan Quju, and Linru County is also known as the birthplace of Henan Quju. By 1983, there were 33 professional troupes in Henan province, and in addition, professional Henan Quju troupes were established in Hubei, Yunnan, Shanxi and Hebei provinces. Among them, famous actors are Guo Lixian, Xing Jinhua, Xie, Huo Zhenhai, Guo, Tian Qinze,. Troupes all over the country have also compiled and adapted a number of outstanding traditional plays, created and performed a number of modern plays, and constantly innovated in performing arts, stage art and musical singing. Opera aria structure with artistic characteristics is a combination system of long sentences and short sentences. There are more than 0/50 kinds of aria/kloc-,including Diao Yang, Chant, Ci 'er Mountain, Flower Arrangement, Yinniu Temple, Jujube Rod, Taiping Year, Luojiang Complain in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Matou and Luojiang Complain in Drum Songs. There are 130 kinds of string qupai used for accompaniment, such as Dashboard, Mountain Slope Sheep, Mountain Flowing Water, No.1 Scholar Wandering, etc. Accompaniment instruments are mainly Hu, Sanxian, Zheng, Pipa, and percussion instruments such as gongs and drums. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Henan Quju not only prevailed in most parts of the province, but also established professional troupes in Gansu, Shaanxi, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei and other places. Traditional repertoires arranged over the years include Chen Sanliang Climbing the Hall, Wind and Snow Match, Xi Juan Drum, Yan, Cao Man Media, Kou Zhun's Boots, etc. His modern plays include "Catch the Foot", "Going to the Countryside", "Cover" and "Traveling to the Countryside". Among them, Catching Feet, Going to the Countryside, Chen Sanliang Climbing the Hall, Going to the Countryside, Xi Juan Tube and Wind and Snow Match have all been made into movies. The newly grown famous actors are (Dan), (Dan), Xing Jinjie (born), March (born), Xie Lu (net) and so on. Quju is one of the main local operas in Henan Province. Formerly known as "Gao Tai Opera" or "Quzi Opera", it is also called "Nanyang Opera" in some areas. Quju is popular in Henan Province and its neighboring areas. It is developed on the basis of the local popular folk art drum music (Luoyang music and Nanyang music) and stilt walking performance, and is influenced by other operas. Quju can be traced back to Henan Daguzi Qu, which was sung by Zuoban. Combined with Henan folk songs and dances and stilt walking, it was put on the stage in 1926 through the Le Tong Society composed of farmers in Linru County, and officially developed into a kind of traditional opera in China. Among them, "stilt song" is a qualitative leap from folk song and dance to "Gao Tai song", a formal form of opera. When the stilt kidnapper was removed, the actor stepped onto the stage of drama. Henan Quju is popular in Henan Quju. Based on the popular folk art in Henan-Henan Quju and folk songs and dances-"Walking on stilts", it was formally put on the stage of traditional Chinese opera in the 1920s. After more than half a century of rapid evolution, it has become one of the three major operas in Henan. There are many tunes in its vocals, such as Horsehead, Chopping Jade, Diao Yang, Poetry, Qingjiang, Yindiaosi and Manjianghong. When the accompaniment instruments first appeared on the stage, there were only hand boards, quhu, sanxian, soft bow, jinghu and sheng. With the development and performance of repertoire, not only guzheng, erhu and pipa were added, but also martial arts venues were adopted. The repertoire of Quju is gradually enriched. Most of the original reserved programs reflected family life, such as Hu Jie opening a shop, delivering rice safely, watching lanterns, going to the kitchen, and Li Huozi's divorce. It is particularly worth mentioning that the art of Quju has made rapid progress since liberation. Chen Sanliang's traditional plays, such as Climbing the Hall, Xi Juan Drum, Wind and Snow Match, and outstanding plays reflecting modern life, such as Going to the Countryside, Catching the Feet and Going to the Countryside, were well received by the masses for their beautiful singing and lyricism. The distribution range of Henan opera Henan opera, most of which are Luoyang opera, is distributed in the northern region. Sing Nanyang songs around Nanyang. In the early role-playing, Henan Quju inherited the dance image and division of labor of stilt music in performance. Generally, stilt music has five roles: wife (Lao Dan), daughter-in-law (Tsing Yi), girl (Xiao Dan), xianggong (Xiao Sheng) and monk (ugly). Monks often play the role of Lao Dan, and sometimes they add supporting roles such as "Second Girl" and "Blind Man". No matter what drama was performed in the early Henan Quju, the role was generally nothing more than the above five main forms. In early performances, the characters in the play usually turn their backs to the audience at first, then turn around and appear in the center of Taichung, and then run "Scissorhands" to the rhythm of string accompaniment on the "dashboard", which is the same as the competition venue when walking on stilts. You must run 48 boards before you can formally sing. The movements, characters and postures of traditional Chinese opera basically retain the prototype of stilt dance: the performance is to keep going forward and backward, while monks or blind people (clowns) keep gagging in the meantime. From 65438 to 0933, Quju spread to Zhoukou in central Henan and Kaifeng in eastern Henan. By the time of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, it was popular in southern Shaanxi and northern Hubei. In the process of spreading, with the enrichment of repertoire, Quju gradually established a complete line of beauty, purity and ugliness after absorbing the performing arts of Henan Opera, Beijing Opera, Yuediao Opera and Han Opera, and a number of more accomplished actors appeared. Danxing is the first line of the opera. Because most of the early performances were "three plays" and most of them were Dan characters, there are many famous Dan characters in Henan Quju, and they also have their own characteristics in performing arts. Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), most roles were played by men. Famous actors include Xu Wenxing, Hu Ding, Li Jinbo, Zhu Tianshui (stage name perfume) and Li Jiuchang. After the founding of New China, Quju has trained many actresses, such as Zhang Xinfang and Wang Xiuling, who have made great achievements in performing arts. Zhu Tianshui is called "Luoyang fan". His voice is delicate, his timbre is simple and natural, his singing is sweet and his voice is full of emotion. He is famous for his play Blue Bridge Club. Xu Wenxing was good at performing the image of a rural girl and was known as a "living girl" at that time. Hu Ding (Tsing Yi) is good at portraying characters' personality characteristics to shape characters, and is steady and generous when performing. Good at performing "You Gui Shan" and so on. Zhang Xinfang's performance form is simple and true, and his singing pays attention to articulation and rhyme, and he is good at using the method of "big flash board". His performance "Chen Sanliang Climbing the Hall" successfully shaped the image of Chen Sanliang. (See Tuquju-1) Li Jiuchang's performance style is exquisite. In his "Wind and Snow Match", the scene girl is doing needlework, from sewing, shaking, biting, sewing, closing the sole and even inadvertently letting the needle stick in her hand, which is meticulous and extremely realistic, and the coordination of each link is also very subtle. Most of the students are young students, and most of them are liberal arts students and empty students when performing, but there are no martial arts students. Since1940s, when the opera began to perform "robe with drama", a beard was developed. Zhu Liulai, a young student, created a set of soft and natural performing arts without the accompaniment of gongs and drums in the early stage of the development of Henan Quju, which made the performance of Quju break through the traditional stilt program. Both Xu Shenghai, Lianchi and Ma Qi are good at simple performances and rich life atmosphere. Kou Zhun in Kou Zhun's Boots, played by the latter, has quite high attainments in the use of catwalk, water sleeves, pouting and hat wings. In the early stage of the development of Quju, the role of ugliness was limited to gag. Up to now, Wang Zhendong has paid attention to the character, and gradually evolved into paying equal attention to singing and doing, forming different types of clowns, such as doll ugliness, upright ugliness, official ugliness and evil ugliness. For example, Wang Qingsheng made many innovations in portraying characters with clowns. Since Zhang Guangyao and Li Yuncheng, the Internet has gradually become a special line of Henan Opera. They separated a special kind of singing from [Diao Yang] with a clear angle. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xie Lu specializes in treating blackheads and is famous for his plays such as My Beauty Case and Xiachenzhou. The tune of the opera is raised by 1=C, and sometimes by 1=? # C. Both male and female vocals are mainly voiced by real people. The singing method of "tiger sound" and "explosive sound" with clean lines is full of characteristics. After 1950s, the main musical instruments of Quju Band were Quhu (also known as Guzheng), Sanxian, Pipa, Erhu, Flute, Suona, Sheng, and Cello. In the mid-1980s, an electronic organ was added. Martial arts venues mainly include hand boards, bangu (Dan Pigu), big gongs, cymbals, small gongs, war drums, big drums or timpani drums. In the early days, there were only "dashboards" and a few "circuit yards". Later, there were more and more first songs such as Mountain Flowing Water, Love in Spring and He Fan, as well as string songs such as Spinach Leaf, Ten Times, Wrong Word, Missing Field, Ending, Three Guns and so on. Wuchang gongs and drums classics basically come from Henan Opera, Yuediao Opera, Peking Opera and other operas. ? The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, Quju was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Artistic features Because the tunes come from folk operas, the lyrics are easy to learn, and most of them are sung in their own voice, and the performances are quite close to life, and the spread speed is extremely fast. The singing style of Henan Quju is Qupai style. When it first came to the stage, the tunes of Quju opera mostly appeared in the form of "minor with miscellaneous brands", and there were only more than ten kinds of tunes such as Diao Yang, Cut Indigo Flower and Poem. Later, it gradually absorbed the popular folk art "major" in Nanyang area and enriched the singing form. Qupai of Quju is mostly composed of two sentences, three sentences, four sentences and various buttresses, including big brands (major), small and medium-sized miscellaneous brands (minor) and string Qupai. The general style features are: simplicity, naturalness, tactfulness, gentleness, melodiousness, lingering, strong lyricism and rich flavor of life. The aria structure of Quju is a system of combining long and short sentences-Qupai. There are about 150 kinds of aria and qupai, including Diao Yang, Flower Arrangement, Poetry, Jujube Rod, Ci 'er Mountain, Taiping Year and Luojiang Complain from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Matou, Qingyang Fan and Luojiang Complain from the drum songs. There are 130 kinds of string qupai used for accompaniment, such as Dashboard, Wandering No.1 Scholar, Sheep on the Slope, Mountain Flowing Water, etc. Big brands (big) are generally above 100 board, mainly including [Matou Tune], [Border Pass], [Oriole Tune], [Manjianghong], [Broken Jade], [Back Bow], [Folding], [Parasitic Grass], [Folding Broken Bridge] and [Momo]. This kind of major is generally adagio, euphemistic and soft, and sentimental. Small and medium-sized miscellaneous brands (small) are all below the 100 board, mainly including [Diao Yang], [Taiping Year], [Poetry], [Full Boat Moon], [Jujube Stem], [Luojiang Complain], [Yinxin Silk Satin] and [Cut Flowers]. This kind of minor is characterized by clear rhyme, flexibility, wide range, flexible timbre, high plasticity and strong expressive force. Others have adapted the original tunes into new tunes, such as Little Han River and Soft Poems. Other operas, such as Shuyun and Wayaodui, have been absorbed. Sixian Qupai mainly includes: Lao Ba Ban, Qiao Crossing the Street, Grape Stand, Open Hand, Crying Zhou Yu, Goat, Wandering in Yuan Dynasty, Daban, Mountain Flowing Water and Bird. This kind of qupai is mainly used to contrast the atmosphere in the play, cooperate with various dance movements, and show the changes of the characters' thoughts and feelings. According to the different content styles, there are "Silver Twisted Silk", "Many Children" and "The Year of Peace" which show lively and happy emotions in the Quju Qupai. There are "In Hanshui" and "Poetry" to express sadness. There are {Diao Yang} and others who express their feelings of excitement and indignation. The main musical instrument of Henan Quju is Tribal Tiger. There are also Sanxian, Suona, Pipa, Erhu, Zheng, Sheng and Yueqin. After the founding of New China, some troupes also added western musical instruments such as woodwinds, brass pipes, strings and timpani. Percussion instruments were originally only gongs and drums, which were only used to "strike the table". Around 1940, Quju absorbed the gongs and drums of Beijing Opera and Henan Opera, and the percussion instruments were gradually improved, including drums, big gongs, second gongs, cymbals, wind gongs and wooden fish. In modern drama performance, Henan Quju pays more attention to using dance movements to express real life content. For example, playing an umbrella, driving a donkey and riding a donkey in the script "Hide and Seek"; Climbing the mountain with heavy load in "Travel to the Hometown"; Handcarts and carts in the countryside; The boating across the blockade and horse riding in the Cover are specially designed, and the dance movements are vivid and interesting.