500 words of character evaluation in Water Margin

How can 500 words evaluate all the characters? There is a 108 protagonist! !

It's very long, maybe more than 5000 words, but try ~

See Mao Dun's On the Characters and Structure of Water Margin.

Original text:

On the Characters and Structure of Water Margin

The characterization of Water Margin has always been highly praised. The so-called 100 people all have different faces. Although it is inevitable to exaggerate, it is true that at least a dozen important people in the book have their own faces. I remember there was a notebook, which made up a story about the Water Margin written by Shi Naian. Shi Naian first asked a master painter to draw portraits of 36 people, including Song Jiang, and hung them in a room to ponder day and night. Over time, the voices and smiles of these 36 people matured in Shi Naian's imagination, and then he wrote them, so they came to life. Shi Naian's creative method has its own obvious characteristics, that is, fabrication. For example, the image of thirty-six people, such as Song Jiang, is related to the description of the legacy of Xuanhe. Although it is basically unscientific, it also has some truth. Because, if it was really Shi Naian who wrote The Water Margin, before he started writing, he was thinking about the oral literature that had been circulated among the people for a long time to praise the heroes of the Water Margin, rather than the image of thirty-six people created by Shi Naian himself.

Every face is different, this is the general comment; This sentence alone is not enough to explain the characteristics of the description of characters in Water Margin. Take Lin Chong, Yang Zhi and Lu Da as examples. These three men were all officers before becoming an outlaw, and they all had good martial arts, which is what they have in common; The three of them never dreamed that they would become outlaws one day, but they eventually became outlaws, but each of them had different reasons. For Gao Yanei, he wanted Lin Chong's wife, so Lin Chong ate a wrong case and stabbed Cangzhou. But for such oppression and frame-up, Lin Chong just resigned himself to fate, so in the wild pig forest, Lu Da tried to kill the two damn policemen, but Lin Chong stopped him. After arriving in Cangzhou, Lin Chong became a prisoner with a clear conscience. It was not until Gao Yanei sent someone to kill him that he got revenge and became an outlaw. Yang Zhi, for the first time, lost his post in order to go to Huashigang, but failed to be reinstated. He was poor and sold knives, accidentally killed a rascal, and exiled the army. Unexpectedly, she became an officer in Liang Zhongshu's family, and finally fell into the birth class, so she had to despair and become an outlaw. Only Lu Da, whose works are "active". At first, in order to save people, the official couldn't do it and became a monk. Later, in order to save people, even monks couldn't do it, so they had to become an outlaw. The Water Margin depicts the characters of these three people from their different experiences. Moreover, Water Margin shows the inevitability of their different experiences from their different ideologies. Yang Zhi is bent on being an official, "to protect his wife and children". As a result, he was careful and found nothing. Lin Chongan insisted on his own ideas and resigned himself to it, resulting in being forced to have nowhere to live. Only Luda has no worries, dares to do things and never suffers losses. As for Yang Zhi, although we sympathize with his experience, we despise him. We are full of sympathy for Lin Chong, but we deeply regret that his understanding is not enough. We have nothing to say to Ruda except praise. In this way, the Water Margin makes us have different feelings for these three people through its gorgeous image. Not only that, the Water Margin also shows that these three people come from different classes ideologically. Yang Zhi is "the grandson of Yang Gong after three generations", so he never forgets to be an official and "seals the shadow of his wife". As long as there is an official to do it, Liang Zhongshu is also his good boss. Lin Chong was born in a family of teachers with guns and sticks, and he was a petty-bourgeois technician. He has a sense of justice, but he is content with the status quo unless he has no choice but to make up his mind. As for Ruda, he has no relatives and no reason. He is single and has no property. He is an officer who was born in a poor peasant or craftsman and was promoted by rank. "The Water Margin" does not describe the origin of these three people (Yang Zhikou said it only after he confessed himself), but when describing the characters of these three people, their class components are deducted everywhere.

Therefore, we can say that being good at describing the characters' positions and actions from the perspective of class consciousness is the biggest feature of the description of characters in Water Margin.

Secondly, another feature of the description of the characters in Water Margin is that everything about the characters is explained by the actions of the characters themselves, and the author never makes comments. Take Lin Chong and others as an example. When these three characters appeared, they all suddenly appeared in the middle of other people's events. The appearance of Lu Da was in the event of Shi Jin looking for coach Wang. Lin Chong appeared when Lu Da was practicing martial arts, and Yang Zhi appeared when Lin Chong was looking for warlords. When these three characters appeared, apart from a simple description of their appearance, there was not a word to introduce their life experience, and naturally there was not a word to describe their character; All their stories and personalities were gradually revealed in their later actions, and we didn't fully realize their stories and personalities until the end of their main story. It's like a person coming from far away. At first, we only saw whether he was wearing a long coat or a short coat, and then we saw whether he was fat or thin, and then we saw whether he had a square face or a round face. Finally, we saw his eyebrows, even his voice and smile: at this time, we saw everything about him. "Water Margin" is to write characters in such a way from far to near, so it is fascinating and very vivid.

Let's stop here for the characterization of Water Margin. Let's start with the structure of Water Margin.

Judging from the whole book, the structure of Water Margin is not an organic structure. We can weave the stories of several main characters into independent short stories or novellas without feeling of separation. But judging from a character's story, the structure of Water Margin is rigorous and even organic. At this point, it is enough to prove that the Water Margin, when it was still oral literature, was a lot of stories with the same motif but independent.

These independent and self-contained stories have some similarities in structure. Generally speaking, first, the development of the story is interlocking, but it is dense and swaying. Second, be good at using changeable techniques and avoid straightforward narration. Take the story of Lin Chong as an example. Lin Chong's story, from burning incense in Yue Temple to becoming an outlaw in Shui Bo, consists of five chapters. At the beginning of the story, the problem of determining Lin Chong's fate was put forward, and from then on, it developed step by step to the top, but this development line was not vertical but tortuous, loose and tight; The decision to exile Cangzhou is a large section in the middle of the whole story, but it is not the culmination, and the culmination is Shangliang Mountain, but Lin Chong's story ends here. In these five books, in writing, I try my best to make readers angry and laugh through tears. I was just happy for Lin Chong and worried about him right away. Even the interludes in the story (such as Lin Chong, Lu Yu, Chai Jin and the contest with Hong) are not straightforward. In this passage, Lin Chong went to Chai Jin Zhuang first, but Chai Jin was not there. Lin Chong was disappointed, but he met Chai Jin on the road (Chai Jin's appearance was colorful), and then he competed with Hong. The description of Lin Chong Competition is only a thousand words from beginning to end, but it is so complicated and varied. He said he would hold a tournament, but he didn't compete. He ate the wine first and really started the tournament, but he was half-genuine (Hong) (Lin Chong). So Chai Jin made the silver, which was called "Xiecha" to open the cangue, and made a note with large ingots of silver. It turned out to be true, with only a hundred words at the end. But these hundreds of words are really concise and forceful, which vividly describes the high strength of Lin Chong's martial arts. This short span of more than 1,000 words also depicts the faces of Chai Jin and Hong, and the pen and ink economy has reached its acme. Look at Yang Zhi's story again. Yang Zhi's story * * * has only three books, 15600 words, with three paragraphs before and after: selling knives, becoming an official, and falling into the birth class. Structurally, Yang Zhi's story is different from Lin Chong's. Lin Chong's story is to put forward the main points of the whole story first, and then develop to the top step by step. However, Yang Zhi's story summarizes Yang Zhi's dream of seeking an official position in the trilogy of frustration, success and disillusionment. Structurally, the climax is in the middle. In Gao Qiu, a powerful man, Yang Zhi was unlucky, but in Liang Zhongshu, another powerful man, Yang Zhi was promoted from the beginning, which seemed smooth sailing, but it was not easy to be a slave under the powerful man. There are factions among slaves, and they often fight with each other. Liang Zhongshu's incompetence in employing people doomed Yang Zhi's disillusionment. At the same time, it is doomed that Yang Zhi on Huangnilan will fail. The logic of story development is like this, but the logic of novel structure development has reached its peak from a series of positive and negative spirals. Before Yang Zhi and his party set out, Wu Yong laid a trap, which was clearly written in the book. In contrast, it is Yang Zhi's shrewd countermeasure. What readers urgently need to know at this time is whether Wu Yong and others "soft" or "hard" this golden ball of100000 dollars. If "mainly", how can you avoid Yang Zhi's shrewd eyes? This mystery was not revealed until the end of the story, and the vertical and horizontal opening and closing of the structure was thus caused.

The above is a superficial view on the characters and structure of Water Margin. If you want to learn Water Margin, these are all places worth learning. Naturally, Water Margin also has many advantages worth learning. For example, the spoken language of the people at that time was often used in character dialogues, which made us feel that we heard their voices; Another example is the description of action, which is vivid and lively on paper, with only a few words ... these should be studied, but from a big perspective, the main object of study should be its character description and structure. In this respect, my prejudice is that Water Margin is better than A Dream of Red Mansions. Although in the whole book structure, A Dream of Red Mansions is closer to the organic structure than Water Margin, as mentioned above, Water Margin, as an independent short story, is also organic in terms of a character's story.

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Research on the Database of Characters and Structure Test in Water Margin

First, basic knowledge and its application.

1. One of the following statements is ()

A. write zhàn, try to figure out chuāi, and solve the problem.

B. shake your hand, hold your hand, and then turn your hand.

C. despise the splendid officials of BAO.

D. Slag Z wife son yìng ⒓ selling wine g ⒓

2. The following black words or words are written correctly and interpreted correctly ()

A. (at the end) lifeless (lively)

Make up (fiction; Go too far (very, very far)

B. swaying (swaying) for safety (just looking at the present, stealing for the time being)

Long-standing prejudice (one-sided view)

C. It's fascinating (good) to figure it out (for a long time)

Ups and downs (full of changes) disillusionment (fantasy hope)

D. Being down and out (poverty and depression) and fighting for justice (upholding justice or loyalty)

Fight for a wife (get) a flat (dull and rigid)

3. In the following four sentences, the sentence with wrong punctuation is ().

A. The Water Margin does not describe the origins of these three people (only after Yang Zhikou confessed himself), but when describing their personalities, their class composition is closely linked everywhere.

Even the plots in the story (such as Lin Chong, Lu Yu, Chai Jin and the contest with Hong) are not simple.

C. Yang Zhi is "the grandson of Yang Gong after three generations", so he does not forget to "seal his wife" when he is an official. As long as there are officials, Liang Zhongshu is also his good boss.

D. Yang Zhi's story * * * has only three books, 15600 words, beginning and ending with three paragraphs: selling knives, becoming an official, and failing to live.

4. The most appropriate related word in □ is ().

Lin Chong's short tournament episode is only a thousand words from beginning to end, and it is so complicated. Say to want to play, than, eat the wine first, really began to play,-half really (Hong) half fake (Lin),-Chai Jin made silver called Xiecha cangue,-with a large ingot of silver as a note, finally really than, only one hundred words is over.

A. However,

B.but it's still because of this

C. However,

D. but this is also

5. The following explanation of the understanding of the text content is incorrect ()

A. At the beginning of this literary review, first introduce a folklore about the creation of Water Margin, so as to emphasize that the artistic achievements of the characterization of Water Margin have long been conclusive, which leads to the topic and paves the way for expressing one's own views.

B. "This creative method invented by Shi Naian has its obvious attachments. For example, the image of thirty-six people such as Song Jiang is related to the description of Xuanhe's legacy, but its emphasis on trying to figure out day and night is basically unscientific, but some of them are true. " The three "ta" in this complex sentence all refer to "the creative method invented by Shi Naian"; The clause after "but" is an inversion sentence, and the function of inversion sentence is to highlight that "it emphasizes trying to figure out the truth sooner or later, but it has some truth".

C. "Therefore, we can say that being good at describing characters' positions and actions from the perspective of class consciousness is the biggest feature of the description of characters in Water Margin. "This paragraph is an independent paragraph, which is a summary of the previous paragraph." Therefore, "is a relative word indicating causality," we can say "is an intervening element, and the whole sentence is a causal complex sentence.

D. "In this regard, my prejudice is that Water Margin is better than A Dream of Red Mansions; Although in the structure of the whole book, A Dream of Red Mansions is closer to the organic structure than Water Margin, as mentioned above, the structure of Water Margin is also organic. " The clause after "although" is a turning complex sentence, and the semantic focus is to explain the organic structure of Water Margin. The author calls himself "prejudice", which not only reflects the uniqueness of his own views, but also reflects the modesty and prudence of famous scholars and their rigorous attitude towards learning.

Second, study.

Read the following paragraph and complete questions 6 ~ 9.

..... and for such oppression and frame-up, ① just resigned to fate, so in the wild pig forest, ② tried to kill those two damn xiecha, but was stopped by ③; After arriving in Cangzhou, ④ became a prisoner with a clear conscience, and it was not until ⑤ sent someone to kill him that he got his revenge and became a fugitive. ⑥? I lost my official position because of the fall of Hua Shigang, but I can't be reinstated. I was down and out selling knives, accidentally killed a rascal and exiled the army. Unexpectedly, another village became an official under the door, and finally, because of the degeneration of the birth class, he had to despair and become an outlaw. Only 8, his experience is "positive". At first, in order to save people, the official could not do it and became a monk; Later, in order to save his life, even the monk couldn't do it, so he had to become an outlaw.

6. The corresponding person on the horizontal line is

①______②______③_____④______

⑤______⑥______⑦______⑧_____

7. "Because" leads to a clause indicating the reason, and its corresponding result should be ()

A. loss of official position B. loss of official position, reinstatement.

C. I lost my official position, I can't be reinstated, and I am down and out selling knives. D.

8. "Therefore" brings out a clause indicating the result, and its corresponding reason should be ()

A. fallen straight-leaved coral

B. if he can't be reinstated, he will be poor and sell knives.

C. accidentally killed a villain

D. He lost his official position due to the fall of Hua Shigang, failed to be reinstated, went down and sold knives, and killed a rascal by mistake.

9. The best contact with the above is ()

A. These three men were all officers before becoming an outlaw, and they all had good martial arts. This is what they have in common.

B. The three of them never dreamed that they would become outlaws one day, but in the end they all became outlaws.

C. "Water Margin" thus wrote three people's different experiences and different reasons for becoming an outlaw.

D The Water Margin depicts the characters of three people from their different experiences.

Read the following passage and complete 10 ~ 12.

Secondly, the description of the characters in Water Margin has another feature, that is, everything about the characters is explained by the actions of the characters themselves, and the author will never make mistakes. Let's take Lin Chong and others as an example. When these three characters appear, they all appear in other people's events. The appearance of Lu Da was in the event of Shi Jin looking for coach Wang. Lin Chong appeared when Lu Da was practicing martial arts, and Yang Zhi appeared when Lin Chong was looking for warlords. When these three characters appeared, apart from the description of appearance, there was no word to introduce their life experience, and naturally there was no word to describe their character; All their life experiences and personalities are gradually pointed out in later stories. It was not until their main story was over that we realized their life experience and personality. It's like a person coming from far away. At first, we only saw whether he was wearing a long coat or a short coat, then we saw whether he was fat or thin, and then we saw whether he was square or round. At last, we saw his eyebrows and even his voice and smile: At this time, The Water Margin used such a _ _ _ _ method to write characters, so it was fascinating and very vivid.

10. Fill in the blanks with words, and the most appropriate is ().

A.b. the sudden and simple action of commenting.

C. attributes are sudden and simple. D. The comments are sudden and brief.

1 1. The horizontal line of the last sentence of this article should be filled with conclusive words summarizing the description method of the characters in Water Margin, and the correct one is ().

A. Portrait description B. Action description C. Overview first, then D. From far to near

12. The argument method of this passage is _ _ _ _ _ _.

Third, writing.

13. Read Wen Yiduo's Song of Seven Sons in Macau and write a comment of about 300 words on its ideological content or artistic characteristics.

Song of the Seven Sons of Macau

Wen Yiduo

Do you know that "Ma Gang" is not my real name? ……

I've been away from your children for too long, mom!

But what they took was my body,

You still have my soul.

I've dreamed of my biological mother for 300 years!

Please call your son by his birth name and call me "Macau"!

Mom! I want to come back, mom!

14. Referring to the writing method of characters and structure in Water Margin, write a literary review of not less than 800 words with the title of Talking about Characters and Structure in the Snow Mountain Temple in Linfeng.

Requirements: The characters should be mainly Lin Chong; The structure can be commented around Lin Chong's character development.

Reference answer

1.B 2。 C 3。 C 4 explosive A 5。 C

6.① Lin Chong ② Lu Da ③ Lin Chong ④ Lin Chong ④ Gao Yanei ⑥ Yang Zhi ⑦ Liang Zhongshu ⑧ Lu Da.

7. An 8. C 9。 D 10。 A 1 1。 D

12. Illustration, figurative argument 13. (omitted) 14. (omitted)