Psychology: Why are constellations and tarot cards so accurate? Is it superstition or science?

Fortune telling and divination have a long history in China. We ancients were still very clever. We invented the eight-eight-sixty-four hexagrams, which were first used for ethnic divination, and then gradually evolved into folk divination for good and bad luck and predicting fate. Later, it was extended to refer to divination, eight-character fortune telling, six-column prediction, fortune telling and name measurement.

Maybe it's too popular. Fortune-telling and divination have gradually become a manifestation of our collective subconscious: when a child is born, he predicts his future fate, divines when he is sick, divines before exams, and tests whether the eight characters match when he gets married. ...

Let's take a look at modern fortune-telling and divination-constellations and tarot cards, regardless of superstition or science.

I believe that many babies born after 90 s, 00 s and 10 are born with their own horoscopes, because as early as in their mothers' stomachs, mothers already know their horoscopes, which also proves that horoscopes have long been deeply rooted in people's hearts.

We have long been used to putting different labels on different constellations. For example, when it comes to Virgo, we think that the pursuit of perfection will make others unbearable. When it comes to Scorpio, we think it is hidden and smart. ...

So, if you don't know the constellation, it is estimated that you have long been despised by those newcomers!

Constellations can also predict fortune, which constellation will appear in a few months and what to pay attention to, which has become a must for many people to go out.

Coincidentally, tarot cards are becoming more and more popular now, and they are found in various fashion magazines and gossip news. Whether for entertainment or not, you can come and play Tarot cards. Tarot cards can not only give you guidance, but also predict your career, love and fortune.

As a result, tarot cards have become the favorite of many young people. It is said that they are very accurate and make them believe it.

To understand why constellations are so accurate. We need to understand two psychological effects first: one is Barnum effect and the other is Rosenthal effect. These two effects are the fundamental reasons why constellations and tarot cards are so accurate.

1, Barnum effect

Barnum effect, a psychological phenomenon proved by psychologist bertram Fowler in 1948, is named after the sage technician barnum. He thinks that everyone can easily believe that a generalized and general personality description is especially suitable for him. Even if this description is empty, he still thinks it reflects his own personality, even if he is not such a person at all.

For example, when I say to you, "You are a kind and compassionate person."

Do you think I'm right? Most people think they are talking about themselves, right? This is the Barnum effect.

The description of 12 constellation all uses Barnum effect. If you don't believe me, block out the names of the constellations, and then look at each description, and you will find that the descriptions of each constellation are very similar to yours.

2. Rosenthal effect

Rosenthal effect, also known as pygmalion effect, was put forward by Rosenthal, a famous American psychologist, in primary school teaching. The application in life is that if you have a personality expectation that others have never had before, they will develop in a similar direction, and vice versa.

As shown in the above picture, if the mother often praises the child's love of learning, then the child will like learning more and more, and his academic performance will get better and better, because the mother gives the child positive psychological hints. On the contrary, when we often blame, complain and despise children, which direction will children develop?

For constellations and tarot cards, it also reflects the Rosenthal effect, which is essentially just a kind of self-suggestion that affects us: we will rejoice when we see clearly defined words; If you see that your fortune is not good recently and your marriage is not smooth, I believe you will be discouraged for a while!

By understanding the above two theories of Barnum effect and Rosenthal effect, are you beginning to understand a little?

In the last part, we explain why constellations and tarot cards are so accurate with psychological principles. Next, let's look at what science is. What kind of constellation and tarot cards belong to?

1

According to Baidu Encyclopedia, science summarizes, induces and authenticates the known world through data calculation, text explanation, language explanation and image display that the public can understand; Science is not the only way to know the world, but it is fair and consistent, and it is the most reliable practical method to explore the objective world.

Talking about people is-science is talking with evidence.

This is why many scientists have drawn scientific conclusions through experiments, data and verification of facts throughout the ages.

For example, some people call painting psychology "knowing people by looking at pictures" and "mind reading", which looks mysterious and mysterious, and some people even don't believe it. Actually, painting psychology is a branch of psychology. Many symbolic meanings we see, such as houses representing family and atrium, trees representing personality and growth process, are based on a large number of experiments and data support from psychologists of past dynasties, and the results are highly probable.

In the future, I will use special articles to tell the development history and scientific theoretical basis of painting psychology. It can also be regarded as standing on the shoulders of giants, giving a memorial to those experts and scholars who have made outstanding contributions to painting psychology.

2. Non-science

If you draw a circle, science is in half of the circle and non-science is in the other half.

Although the divination methods such as constellation and tarot are loved by the public, they always have a mysterious feeling, which is not confirmed by any scientific basis or experimental data, so they belong to the non-scientific category.

For example, some people get cancer, don't take injections, don't take medicine, and don't go to the hospital. Just because they believe in religion, cancer is actually cured. Then can we say that religious belief can cure diseases? Most of them are impossible. It is only a small accidental phenomenon, not science, that someone cured cancer without injection, medicine or hospitalization. Because he can't stand repeated scientific tests!

Our common non-sciences are alchemy, metaphysics, geomantic omen, palm reading, yin and yang, horoscope, tarot cards, dermatoglyphic test and so on.

3. Pseudoscience

It is easier to identify pseudoscience. If something unscientific must be described as science, it is pseudoscience!

Science and pseudoscience are firmly opposed, and pseudoscience is a part of non-science. If someone insists that those unscientific things, such as alchemy, metaphysics, geomantic omen, palm reading, yin and yang, astrology, tarot and dermatoglyphic tests, are science, it is pseudoscience.

Well, to sum up, this paper takes constellation and tarot cards as examples, expounds their accurate The Secret Behind from the perspective of psychological principles (Barnum effect and Rosenthal effect), and distinguishes between science, non-science and pseudoscience. I believe you know better now. If you encounter some pseudoscience again, you will polish your eyes and look at it dialectically.

What have you learned about today's content? What's the revelation? Welcome to discuss in the message area.