The story of the national hand stone of Go in Qing Dynasty

Chess is one of the four great arts of piano, chess, calligraphy and painting. China was called "Yi" in ancient times, also known as Fiona Fang, black and white, egret, hand talk and tattoo. The western name is "go". Weiqi originated in China and was called Yaozuo, which was recorded in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was introduced to Japan through Korea and then to European and American countries. Some scholars believe that Weiqi contains rich cultural connotations in China and is the embodiment of China culture and civilization.

Shi Xiangxiang (1710 ~1771), whose real name is Shao 'an and his name is Ding 'an. Haining, Zhejiang, was born in the forty-ninth year of Kangxi (17 10) and died in the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong (177 1). He was a famous Weiqi player in Qing Dynasty, and he was called "the four great chess players in Qing Dynasty" with Cheng Lanru, Fan Xiping and Liang Weijin, and "the three great chess saints in Qing Dynasty" with Fan Xiping and Huang Longshi. Mocun's little chess player also wrote about him.

? During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong (Aisin Gioro Hung Li) played a game of chess (numbered Ding 'an) with Shi Xiangxiang, a great chess player in China, and it became a serial draw for three robberies. Emperor Qianlong was very happy and gave Shi Xiangxiang a pair of national treasures, Yong Zi, which were burned in the official kiln of Lee. -"Great Powers are Invincible in the World"

The road of growth

Shi studied in a private school since childhood. He is an honest and quiet child. His father is an elegant scholar, good at poetry and calligraphy, and also draws some orchids and bamboos. After finishing his homework, Shi Xiangxiang sat beside his father and watched him play the piano and chess. Gradually, he became interested in this chess game and began to ask his father the truth.

His father said to him, "Learning piano should be elegant rather than complicated, and learning chess should be spiritual rather than sluggish. You are thin and sick, and learning the piano is better. " So Shi began to learn piano.

One day when Shi Xiangxiang was six years old, the famous chess player Xu Xingyou came to visit Shi Jia. In the afternoon, he and his father Shi played chess in the yard for entertainment. Shi Xiangxiang is an honest and quiet child. Although he wanted to watch chess, he was afraid of being scolded by his father, so he had to play the piano indoors alone. The sound of crying piano came from the back room, which attracted Xu Xingyou's attention. He asked the reason and said to Shi Xiangxiang's father, "Let the children come out and have a look."

Before the bid fell, Shi Xiangxiang even jumped to the chess table. He saluted Xu Xingyou and sat down to watch chess. Shi Xiangxiang looks at chess very carefully. Although he played chess for a long time, he sat there motionless and didn't feel tired at all.

Shi Xiangxiang's father is slender and personable. Facing Lin Qiang's hand, he is not nervous at all. Although the defeat has been decided, it is still calm and poised. Xu Xingyou's chess is not aggressive and sharp-edged, but dull, leisurely and gentle, but there is always an invisible force in dullness. Shi Xiangxiang's father knew that he was no match for Xu Xingyou, so he got off at will and went soft several times. Shi Xiangxiang was cautious when he saw his father and lost several chances to fight back. He wanted to say it long ago, but he swallowed it back for fear of being scolded by his father.

After Xu Xingyou won, he saw Shi still staring at the chessboard with a thoughtful look, and asked him what he thought of this chess game. Shi Xiang asked Xia Fa: "I want to make a duplicate offer, can I?" Xu Xingyou agreed happily.

To the surprise of the two adults, the child was able to return to the situation of fighting by himself in the middle game, and then pointed out that at the critical moment, the father could completely turn from defense to attack. Xu Xingyou didn't consider this move at that time. At this time, he pondered for a while, and then went on with Shi Xiangxiang. The stone is really extraordinary. He walked out of the trap set by the other party first, and then relied on the power of the key just now to form a victory in one fell swoop.

Xu Xingyou was so excited that he found a genius and immediately advised Shi's father to say, "Let the children learn chess instead of playing the piano!" He will definitely surpass me in the future. " Promise to hide it under the door.

But not long after, the father found that his son loved Go more than Qin. At that time, Fan Xiping, one year older than Shi Xiangxiang, studied chess with Yu Changhou. By the age of twelve, he had been on an equal footing with his teacher, which made Shi Xiangxiang very envious. Father also sent him to the door of Yu Changhou.

Stone is not willing to live for a long time. He replaced Yu Changhou, and Mr. Xiansanzi taught him for a year, so that he could compete with Fan Xiping. At the same time, Xu Xingyou, an old chess player, was also influenced by Xian Sanzi and played against the stone. The old chess player has an eye for pearls, attaches great importance to this young chess player, and presents his own chess manual "Shantang Chess Manual" to him. Shi Xiangxiang did not live up to high expectations. He has studied this famous book for several years and benefited a lot.

At the age of twenty-one, Shi Xiangxiang met Liang Weijin and Cheng Lanru in Huzhou. Both of them played a few games of chess with him first, and learned a lot from Shi Xiangxiang. Two years later, Shi Xiangxiang met Liang Weijin again. They were very excited to visit Yanshan Mountain and saw the flowing water at the foot of the mountain. Liang Weijin said to Shi, "You play chess well, but do you really understand the mystery?" When playing chess, you should leave when you should, and stop when you should. Let nature take its course and don't force it. This is the truth of playing chess. Although you deliberately pursue it, you have the problem of' going too far', so you have not lost the first level for three years. " Shi Xiangxiang carefully understood this profound discussion and realized that he had been ambitious and took a detour. From then on, Shi Xiangxiang changed his old chess style and finally became a generation of famous teachers.

In the next 30 years, Shi Xiangxiang traveled all over Wu Chu, playing chess with many famous players and exchanging chess skills. After 50, like Fan Xiping, he lived and taught in Yangzhou. He spent a lot of effort to train the next generation. He has many students, but he is always modest. In his later years in Yangzhou, he also wrote a lot of Go works, leaving a valuable legacy for later players.

On the basis of predecessors, history appeared in the history of chess with its own unique features. In the preface of "Game Return", Shi Xiangxiang has a very incisive exposition to his predecessors and players of the same age: "Since the Holy Dynasty, celebrities have come forth in large numbers, outstanding and superior." For example, Zhou Donghou's novelty, Zhou Lazy's profundity, Wang Hannian's superb anecdote and Huang Longshi's remoteness, Xu Xingyou, Lou Zien, Wu's implicit superiority, Liang Weijin and Cheng Lanru's vigorous superiority. "It is based on such profound research and analysis of other players that Shi Xiangxiang has become a shining star in the cultural history of the Chinese nation.

contention of a hundred schools of thought

In the next 30 years, Shi Xiangxiang traveled all over Wu Chu, playing chess with many famous players and exchanging chess skills. After 50, like Fan Xiping, he lived and taught in Yangzhou. He spent a lot of effort to train the next generation. He has many students, but he is always modest. In his later years in Yangzhou, he also wrote a lot of Go works, leaving a valuable legacy for later players.

On the basis of predecessors, history appeared in the history of chess with its own unique features. In the preface of "Game Return", Shi Xiangxiang has a very incisive exposition to his predecessors and players of the same age: "Since the Holy Dynasty, celebrities have come forth in large numbers, outstanding and superior." For example, Zhou Donghou's novelty, Zhou Lazy's profundity, Wang Hannian's superb anecdote and Huang Longshi's remoteness, Xu Xingyou, Lou Zien, Wu's implicit superiority, Liang Weijin and Cheng Lanru's vigorous superiority. "It is based on such profound research and analysis of other players that Shi Xiangxiang has become a shining star in the cultural history of the Chinese nation.

Others' evaluation

Deng Yuansui said: "Ding 'an Temple is like a huge submerged sea with profound implications." "Ding 'an Temple is deep, dense and rigorous, like an old horse galloping, without losing its pace. Far-sightedness and steady play are the main characteristics of Shi Xiang's Xia Qi style. Shi himself said: "the reason for building a poor back is intangible, but the decisive victory comes from the layout." He wrote in "My own Poem": "If you think about it carefully, you will lose more. If you wave often, you will be more creative. If you don't absorb the mystery in silence, even if you are enlightened, it is illusory. " Shi Xiangxiang particularly emphasized this kind of "quietness". He said in "General Tactics of Meeting Points": "Static energy can stop fatigue and escape, in fact, it is to attack the weak and attack the soft." This is the same meaning as what he said, "the machine is prosperous, there is no trace, everything is exhausted, and the salt is natural" and "the chess stops at the end". "Quiet" means "nature", that is, "stop in suspense", which is what Liang Weijin said to Shi Xiangxiang in those days: "Do what you do" and "stop when you stop". This is not advocating passivity. Shi Xiangxiang has always attached importance to striving for initiative. He once said: "Work and rest, no matter how relaxed and busy you are, you must compete first." This is not in contradiction with "quietness". The key is to take the initiative to "do" and "stop", so that it is possible to use static braking, wait for merit, attack the virtual with reality, and combine rigidity with softness. This is the secret of Shi Xiang's summer chess style.

National mobile game

Shi Xiangxiang and Fan Xiping are fellow villagers of similar age. They often played chess together before they became famous. At first, Shi Xiangxiang was not good at Go. When he saw his compatriot Fan Xiping's excellent chess skills and famous villages, he asked Fan Xiping's opinion. At first, Fan Xiping wanted Shi Xiangxiang's third son. A year later, they could play chess first. Soon, two people at the same time from Yu Changhou, * * * playing chess together, less than twenty years old. Their predecessors Liang Weijin and Cheng Lanru are no match for Fan Heshi, and they are equally famous in the world. At that time, people once commented on Fan Ershi: "Xiping is wonderful and lofty, like Long Bian, unpredictable. Ding 'an (the summer name of Shi Xiangxiang) is dense and rigorous, like an old horse galloping, without losing its pace. Du Li (like poets Li Bai and Du Fu) has been questioned in his poems ever since. "

Later, the two became national players one after another, so they went their separate ways and didn't get together much. According to Hu Jingfu quoted in the Preface to the National Games, Fan Shi played ten games in the capital at the end of Yongzheng and the beginning of Qianlong. Unfortunately, the records of these ten games are nowhere to be found now. Later, when Qianlong was four years old, Fan Heshi was invited by people in Danghu (also known as Pinghu) to teach them to play chess. Two famous chess players were invited to play games as a demonstration, and Fan Heshi played the famous "Ten Games in Danghu". There used to be 13 innings, but now there is 1 1 innings. "Ten innings in Danghu" is thrilling. This is the most exquisite masterpiece of Fan Xiping and Shi Xiangxiang in their lives, and it is also the pinnacle of ancient games in China. Players of the same generation speak highly of it. Qian said: "In the past, people who were good at Go were called chess saints. If you are two gentlemen, you really deserve the title of chess saint. Although there are only ten rounds, it will always be wonderful. " Deng Yuansui thinks these ten games are the "best" in chess.

publish a book

After Shi Xiangxiang's death, his student Li Liang published a sequel to Yi Li Gui Zhi for him. Part of this book, all the general tactics of encounter, almost summed up all the methods of Go at that time. It is a book that comprehensively discusses the tactics of Go, and it is a rare classic of classical Go theory in China. These formulas are Shi's experience in actual combat and research all his life, with concise grammar and rich content. The level of chess in Kanggan period, represented by stone and stone, is a peak in the whole history of Weiqi development. Fan Xiping, Shi Xiangxiang and others pushed Go to an unprecedented height.

Recommended song

Play chess with a loose window.

Singing: HITA

Word: Su Yaoqing

Music: Xiaoxu's music "Myth Millennium"

Zeng Ji played the tournament in those days.

The bamboo shadow shakes the Xiao Xuan window

Two kisses of yin and yang.

Knock on her.

Calm as tea.

When did tattoos become vanity fair?

Turn black and white in the palm of your hand

Once the goal is tied.

How can we make chess slowly disappear?

Look at this gentleman running loose.

Advocating righteousness

One is black, the other is white and the world is yellow.

One by one, one by one, the axe is rotten and the incense is cold.

Fiona Fang Gankun Wanxiang

See through all kinds of indifference

Why don't you go home quietly?

Do what you have to do and stop what you have to do.

Running water does not dispute everything, does not dispute, sits and hides.

Dew dripped down and smelled clear.

The newly frosted bamboo leaves fall off.

It's cool to play chess with a leisurely window.

Zeng Ji played the tournament in those days.

The bamboo shadow shakes the Xiao Xuan window

Two kisses of yin and yang.

Knock on her.

Calm as tea.

When did tattoos become vanity fair?

Turn black and white in the palm of your hand

Once the goal is tied.

How can we make chess slowly disappear?

Look at this gentleman running loose.

Advocating righteousness

One is black, the other is white and the world is yellow.

One by one, one by one, the axe is rotten and the incense is cold.

Fiona Fang Gankun Wanxiang

See through all kinds of indifference

Why don't you go home quietly?

Do what you have to do and stop what you have to do.

Running water does not dispute everything, does not dispute, sits and hides.

Dew dripped down and smelled clear.

The newly frosted bamboo leaves fall off.

It's cool to play chess with a leisurely window.

This song is about the history in Great Powers. I like Shi because of his forbearance, tolerance, integrity and kindness. Personally, I think that the jade demeanor of ancient gentlemen is roughly the same. Thanks to Director Xiao for filming such a great national player, to Z Ryan for shaping the soul of such a gentleman, and to Tata for her emotional singing, which perfectly interpreted the character of such a gentleman. What should be done, what should be stopped, water and everything are indisputable. In a leisurely place, playing chess in a loose window is still very cold.